303 lines
36 KiB
XML
303 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="630BF7EE94F295AF57C335293F67E9A5" ID-CLB-Dataset="50589" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173010" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8b5c85a5-43ac-4c56-bff8-2f0e79128cc3" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173010" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459767248991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lehnert, Helmut, Stone, Robert & Heimler, Wolfgang" docDate="2006" docId="03AD8C18FF9F8E15FEC8F955DF0C29D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01250p035.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1250" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Esperiopsis flagrum Lehnert, Stone & Heimler, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FF94F460FF8C8E03FFC0FFA9DB362C46" masterDocTitle="New species of deepsea demosponges (Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698223038003" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="5374FBB2A72C2D91EAEB2E60A5908916" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EB3936A00491BB23A6EDDB052D0388DA">
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<mods:title id="863FBA1812966903AAF3BA3A5327B200">New species of deepsea demosponges (Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4C6C21483F04717245EEA7FD47EA912D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD6DAB37FB59E347C9728156FA431548">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9CC7ABC5D60C511820EFB7A8C3ABEBE9">Lehnert, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B28A12AF8AD30554156480CB077CAEA7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1C6E7FB92C3603F5D76F5D56AA24059B">Stone, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6B3A0CFDECAAFDDD2CC82854A4ACC868" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DC6BAD2A871EE0320D5DDBD53212888E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0C5814A83B17697FB209B4C782C338CF">Heimler, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3C9275CF07D6E4DE5FC33FB2AE39A7DA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1424A1A649F4E3F058ECC7D0DF7DA741">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="33111C318FF6F8192C586E063A978715">
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<mods:date id="85ABD574DF5C10945D5ED066E103DA7E">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="04ABD4095FF0469BA3AD0341A711CAC8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DB059037C70175372F98C9CEDE503435">1250</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FBDEC7636A093D5F3099C1D48C9346F2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6E0FB37F337C53C2D2A05B803F11799B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.173010</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0E5AE7C9F417D1EC2E4535DFB73CF64C" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD8C18FF9F8E15FEC8F955DF0C29D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6253510" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119346361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6253510" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD8C18FF9F8E15FEC8F955DF0C29D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD8C18FF9F8E15FEC8F955DF0C29D0" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6E85FF9F8E10FEC8F955D9022B7F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF9F8E10FEC8F955D9572B50" blockId="19.[264,609,1788,1849]" box="[264,609,1788,1814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0F38A62FF9F8E10FEC8F955D9572B50" bold="true" box="[264,609,1788,1814]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9F8E10FEC8F955D9572B50" bold="true" box="[264,609,1788,1814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9F8E10FEC8F955DACA2B50" box="[264,508,1788,1814]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagrum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9F8E10FEC8F955DACA2B50" bold="true" box="[264,508,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Esperiopsis flagrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2435C67FF9F8E10FDC3F955D9572B50" box="[515,609,1788,1814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF9F8E10FEC8F8B6D9022B7F" blockId="19.[264,609,1788,1849]" box="[264,564,1823,1849]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133F218BFF9F8E10FED1F8B6DA532B7F" box="[273,357,1823,1849]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[264,367,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,446,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[302,1285,446,1372]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Esperiopsis flagrum sp. nov. a, Holotype in situ at 955 m depth in Amchitka Pass. b, holotype after collection. c, Long fusiform styles and microscleres. d, Microscleres overview: large and small categories of isochelae and sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173022/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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a–d,
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<figureCitation id="133F218BFF9F8E10FE65F8B6DACE2B7F" box="[421,504,1823,1849]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[264,368,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,314,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[302,1285,314,1307]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Esperiopsis flagrum sp. nov. a, backside of large isochela. b, Small isochela. c, Side view of small isochela. d, Large and small sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173023/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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a–d)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF988E17FEC8FEB5DACD2DC0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<table id="F904CFAEFF9871FCFEC8FEB5DE1D2DC0" box="[264,1323,284,390]" colsContinueFrom="6.[264,1323,1221,1327]" colsContinueIn="27.[264,1323,284,390]" gridcols="12" gridrows="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<tr id="35343F4CFF9871FCFEC8FEB5DE1D2D73" box="[264,1323,284,309]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
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<th id="76E55630FF9871FCFEC8FEB5D93A2D73" box="[264,524,284,309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FEC8FEB5DA592D73" box="[264,367,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material</emphasis>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35343F4CFF9871FCFEC8FEEDDE1D2D18" box="[264,1323,324,350]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<th id="76E55630FF9871FCFEC8FEEDD93A2D18" box="[264,524,324,350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Holotype: USNM</th>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFDD7FEEDD94B2D18" box="[535,637,324,350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1084243</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFD48FEEDD98C2D18" box="[648,698,324,350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(51°</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFD05FEEDD82D2D18" box="[709,795,324,350]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">18.411'</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFCE4FEEDD8772D18" box="[804,833,324,350]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N,</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFC8CFEEDD8B22D18" box="[844,900,324,350]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">179°</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFC4EFEEDD8D32D18" box="[910,997,324,350]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">31.697'</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFC2EFEEDDF382D18" box="[1006,1038,324,350]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">W,</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFBD9FEEDDFBB2D18" box="[1049,1165,324,350]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Amchitka</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFB57FEEDDFE52D18" box="[1175,1235,324,350]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pass,</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFB1DFEEDDE3F2D18" box="[1245,1289,324,350]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">955</td>
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<td id="76E55630FF9871FCFAD4FEEDDE1D2D18" box="[1300,1323,324,350]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">m</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35343F4CFF9871FCFEC8FEC5DE1D2DC0" box="[264,1323,364,390]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
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<th id="76E55630FF9871FCFEC8FEC5D93A2DC0" box="[264,524,364,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">depth, 0 3. 0 8. 2004).</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7B6D86FF988E17FEC8FADDD9DB2997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173022/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[302,1284,446,1372]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF988E17FEC8FADDD9DB2997" blockId="20.[264,1323,1396,1489]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FEC8FADDDAAE29CA" bold="true" box="[264,408,1396,1420]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF988E17FE60FADCD94129CA" box="[416,631,1397,1420]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagrum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FE60FADCD94129CA" box="[416,631,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Esperiopsis flagrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2435C67FF988E17FDBFFADDD9E029CA" box="[639,726,1396,1420]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FDBFFADDD9E029CA" bold="true" box="[639,726,1396,1420]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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a, Holotype in situ at 955m depth in Amchitka Pass. b, holotype after collection. c, Long fusiform styles and microscleres. d, Microscleres overview: large and small categories of isochelae and sigmas.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6E85FF988E16FEC8F9ACD9252AAB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF988E17FEC8F9ACDAA42A58" blockId="20.[264,1325,1541,1887]" box="[264,402,1541,1566]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FEC8F9ACDAA42A58" box="[264,402,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF988E17FEF8F984D9A02B19" blockId="20.[264,1325,1541,1887]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Similar whiplike growth form (
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<figureCitation id="133F218BFF988E17FD73F984D8312A01" box="[691,775,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[264,367,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,446,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[302,1285,446,1372]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Esperiopsis flagrum sp. nov. a, Holotype in situ at 955 m depth in Amchitka Pass. b, holotype after collection. c, Long fusiform styles and microscleres. d, Microscleres overview: large and small categories of isochelae and sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173022/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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a, b) as known from the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF988E17FB46F984DE1D2A00" box="[1158,1323,1581,1606]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FB46F984DE1D2A00" box="[1158,1323,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF988E17FEFDF9FCD9672A28" box="[317,593,1621,1646]" class="Demospongiae" family="Guitarridae" genus="Euchelipluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FEFDF9FCD9672A28" box="[317,593,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Euchelipluma elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FD9BF9FCD98D2A29" bold="true" box="[603,699,1621,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2435C67FF988E17FD9BF9FCD98D2A29" box="[603,699,1621,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, described above. The
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<typeStatus id="54BF83ACFF988E17FC18F9FCDF082A29" box="[984,1086,1621,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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was broken in half during collection but the specimen had a total length of
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<quantity id="4CFC90EBFF988E17FC1AF9D4DF1B2AD1" box="[986,1069,1661,1687]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="54.0">54 cm</quantity>
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. This specimen was encrusted near its base with the demosponge
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<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF988E17FCFAF90CDFDB2AF9" authority="Koltun, 1958" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1958" box="[826,1261,1701,1727]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxeata">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF988E17FCFAF90CDF082AF8" box="[826,1086,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lissodendoryx oxeata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9540FFFF988E17FB8BF90CDFDB2AF9" author="Koltun" box="[1099,1261,1701,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1958) Cornucaspongia of sea waters washing the South Sakhalin and the South Kurile Island region. Issledovaniya dal´nevostochnykh morei SSSR, 5, 42 - 77, figs. 1 - 25. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1958">Koltun, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The specimen is a beige, cylindrical sponge, tapering towards the top end, beset with numerous whitish thin processes,
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<quantity id="4CFC90EBFF988E17FDEFF95CD9AE2B49" box="[559,664,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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in length, elastic but somewhat stiff. The diameter, without the whitish filaments, is
|
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<quantity id="4CFC90EBFF988E17FD6AF8B4D9C32B71" box="[682,757,1821,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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at the base,
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<quantity id="4CFC90EBFF988E17FC61F8B4DF342B71" box="[929,1026,1821,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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at the tip. This axis is compressible, elastic but resilient.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7B6D86FF998E16FEC8FA8CD8142919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173023/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[302,1284,314,1305]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF998E16FEC8FA8CD8142919" blockId="21.[264,1322,1317,1375]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF998E16FEC8FA8CDAAE297B" bold="true" box="[264,408,1317,1341]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF998E16FE5FFA8FD940297B" box="[415,630,1318,1341]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagrum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF998E16FE5FFA8FD940297B" box="[415,630,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Esperiopsis flagrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B970E11CFF998E16FDBEFA8CD9E5297B" bold="true" box="[638,723,1317,1341]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2435C67FF998E16FDBEFA8CD9E5297B" box="[638,723,1317,1341]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a, backside of large isochela. b, Small isochela. c, Side view of small isochela. d, Large and small sigmas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF998E16FEF8FA3AD8F42A0B" blockId="21.[264,1325,1427,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Skeleton: There is no special ectosome developed. The central axis of the longitudinal sponge consists of interwoven polyspicular tracts of styles with many microscleres in between. Single tracts are 150–600 µm in diameter. The lateral processes are supported by single polyspicular tracts running into them. The outermost layer of the processes and the longitudinal axis consists of densely arranged microscleres.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF998E16FEF8F9F2D9252AAB" blockId="21.[264,1325,1427,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Spicules: Megascleres are fusiform styles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F218BFF998E16FC9EF9F2D88D2A33" box="[862,955,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[264,367,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,446,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[302,1285,446,1372]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Esperiopsis flagrum sp. nov. a, Holotype in situ at 955 m depth in Amchitka Pass. b, holotype after collection. c, Long fusiform styles and microscleres. d, Microscleres overview: large and small categories of isochelae and sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173022/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
c), 980–
|
||
<date id="FFBA1BCEFF998E16FBF8F9F2DF472A33" box="[1080,1137,1627,1653]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1320-10-20" valueMax="1320-10-28" valueMin="1320-10-20">1320</date>
|
||
x 20–28 µm. Microscleres are large, palmate isochelae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F218BFF998E16FCC5F92AD8502ADB" box="[773,870,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[264,367,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,446,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[302,1285,446,1372]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Esperiopsis flagrum sp. nov. a, Holotype in situ at 955 m depth in Amchitka Pass. b, holotype after collection. c, Long fusiform styles and microscleres. d, Microscleres overview: large and small categories of isochelae and sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173022/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
d, 13 a), 98–112 µm, small, palmate isochelae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F218BFF998E16FE48F902DADD2A83" box="[392,491,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[264,368,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,314,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[302,1285,314,1307]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Esperiopsis flagrum sp. nov. a, backside of large isochela. b, Small isochela. c, Side view of small isochela. d, Large and small sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173023/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
b, c), 28–43 µm, small sigmas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F218BFF998E16FCBCF902D8E52A83" box="[892,979,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[264,368,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,314,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[302,1285,314,1307]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Esperiopsis flagrum sp. nov. a, backside of large isochela. b, Small isochela. c, Side view of small isochela. d, Large and small sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173023/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
d), 17–20 µm, large sigmas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F218BFF998E16FED1F97ADA532AAB" box="[273,357,1747,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[264,368,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,314,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[302,1285,314,1307]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Esperiopsis flagrum sp. nov. a, backside of large isochela. b, Small isochela. c, Side view of small isochela. d, Large and small sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173023/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
d), 37–48 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6E85FF998E16FEC8F88ADABF2B7A" box="[264,393,1827,1852]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF998E16FEC8F88ADABF2B7A" blockId="21.[264,1323,1827,1893]" box="[264,393,1827,1852]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF998E16FEC8F88ADABF2B7A" box="[264,393,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6E85FF998E15FEF8F8E2DF8128E0" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF998E15FEF8F8E2DF8128E0" blockId="21.[264,1323,1827,1893]" lastBlockId="22.[264,1324,284,1190]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF998E16FEF8F8E2DA812B22" box="[312,439,1867,1892]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF998E16FEF8F8E2DA812B22" box="[312,439,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E. flagrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fits perfectly in the revived family of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF998E15FC45F8E2DAB62D70" ID-CoL="84K6Y" authority="Van Soest & Hajdu, 2002:656" authorityName="Van Soest & Hajdu" authorityPageNumber="656" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
|
||
Esperiopsidae (Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9540FFFF998E15FBB3F8E2DA712D70" author="Soest" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="34" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van & Hajdu, E. (2002) Family Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (eds.), Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, 656 - 664." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest & Hajdu, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:656)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of sponges with “mycalostyles and lack of an ectosomal skeleton. … Microscleres if present include palmate isochelae, exceptionally anisochelae and sigmas.” We assigned the present species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FCD5FEC5D8A82DC3" ID-CoL="84NHQ" box="[789,926,364,389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FCD5FEC5D8A82DC3" box="[789,926,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Esperiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without any doubt as the skeleton consists of irregularly anastomosing spicule tracts which are more dense in the interior, the styles are exceeding 400 µm in length, sigmas are present and palmate chelae occur in two size categories. There are 43 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FD1BFE4DD8522DBB" ID-CoL="84NHQ" box="[731,868,484,509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FD1BFE4DD8522DBB" box="[731,868,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Esperiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described worldwide; 22 of them from the Arctic, NAtlantic or NPacific which we compare with our species. These species with their growth forms, spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BF83ACFF9A8E15FD50FD9DD9F82E08" box="[656,718,564,590]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">types</typeStatus>
|
||
and measurements are listed in table 1. According to Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9540FFFF9A8E15FE9AFDF5D9582E30" author="Soest" box="[346,622,604,630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="34" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van & Hajdu, E. (2002) Family Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (eds.), Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, 656 - 664." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest and Hajdu (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FC4CFDF5DF232E33" ID-CoL="84NHQ" box="[908,1045,604,629]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FC4CFDF5DF232E33" box="[908,1045,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Esperiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FB8CFDF5DFEB2E33" ID-CoL="84LCH" box="[1100,1245,604,629]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Amphilectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FB8CFDF5DFEB2E33" box="[1100,1245,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphilectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FEC8FD2DDAA62EDB" ID-CoL="84NHQ" box="[264,400,644,669]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FEC8FD2DDAA62EDB" box="[264,400,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Esperiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has styles longer than 400 µm, and several size categories of isochelae and sigmas are present while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FDAFFD05D8362E83" ID-CoL="84LCH" box="[623,768,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Amphilectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FDAFFD05D8362E83" box="[623,768,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphilectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has styles shorter than 400 µm, and only one category of isochelae and no sigmas. Accordingly, two species, one of which has been categorized into two subspecies, were described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FCBCFD55DF332F53" ID-CoL="84NHQ" box="[892,1029,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FCBCFD55DF332F53" box="[892,1029,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Esperiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FBD9FD55DFC92F53" ID-CoL="3BJDX" box="[1049,1279,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="digitata" subSpecies="digitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FBD9FD55DFC92F53" box="[1049,1279,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. digitata digitata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FAD1FD55DAC42F7B" ID-CoL="7JSB7" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="digitata" subSpecies="infundibula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FAD1FD55DAC42F7B" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. digitata infundibula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FDEDFC8DD9FC2F7B" ID-CoL="3BJDR" box="[557,714,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="columnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FDEDFC8DD9FC2F7B" box="[557,714,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. columnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but should be placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FBB1FC8DDE342F7B" ID-CoL="84LCH" box="[1137,1282,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Amphilectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FBB1FC8DDE342F7B" box="[1137,1282,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphilectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf table 1) according to the diagnoses above. Seven additional species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FB5AFCE5DFC12F23" ID-CoL="6GSRK" box="[1178,1271,844,869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FB5AFCE5DFC12F23" box="[1178,1271,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FAD1FCE5DABC2FCB" ID-CoL="6GSRL" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedicellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FAD1FCE5DABC2FCB" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. pedicellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FE59FCDDD92A2FCB" ID-CoL="6GT3L" box="[409,540,884,909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plumosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FE59FCDDD92A2FCB" box="[409,540,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. plumosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FDEBFCDDD9982FCB" ID-CoL="3BJF3" box="[555,686,884,909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="praedita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FDEBFCDDD9982FCB" box="[555,686,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. praedita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FD7DFCDDD8712FCB" ID-CoL="3BJF4" box="[701,839,884,909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="profunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FD7DFCDDD8712FCB" box="[701,839,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. profunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FC96FCDDD8F02FCB" ID-CoL="3BJFD" box="[854,966,884,909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stipula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FC96FCDDD8F02FCB" box="[854,966,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. stipula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FC14FCDDDF6B2FCB" ID-CoL="3BJFK" box="[980,1117,884,909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="uncigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FC14FCDDDF6B2FCB" box="[980,1117,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. uncigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are not so easily assigned because they have characteristics intermediate of the two genera (e.g. styles longer than 400 µm, only one category of isochelae and no sigmas). Conspecifity with these ten species is excluded because several spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BF83ACFF9A8E15FCB3FC45D8872840" box="[883,945,1004,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">types</typeStatus>
|
||
found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FBE1FC45DFA82843" box="[1057,1182,1004,1029]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FBE1FC45DFA82843" box="[1057,1182,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. flagrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are missing from these species. Of the remaining 15 species only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FC46FBBDDF19286B" box="[902,1071,1044,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FC46FBBDDF19286B" box="[902,1071,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. symmetrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar growth form but it has only one
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BF83ACFF9A8E15FDEAFB95D96B2810" box="[554,605,1084,1110]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of isochelae and only one category of sigma and thus differs in two spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BF83ACFF9A8E15FE0FFBCDD93B2838" box="[463,525,1124,1150]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">types</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FDA7FBCDD9D8283B" box="[615,750,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FDA7FBCDD9D8283B" box="[615,750,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. flagrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All remaining species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C04468DFF9A8E15FB91FBCDDFEC283B" ID-CoL="84NHQ" box="[1105,1242,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FB91FBCDDFEC283B" box="[1105,1242,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Esperiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ considerably in growth form and also in at least one spicule category (cf table 1)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6E85FF9A8E15FEC8FB75D9E22958" box="[264,724,1244,1310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF9A8E15FEC8FB75DAA128B3" blockId="22.[264,724,1244,1310]" box="[264,407,1244,1269]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FEC8FB75DAA128B3" box="[264,407,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF9A8E15FEF8FAADD9E22958" blockId="22.[264,724,1244,1310]" box="[312,724,1284,1310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BF83ACFF9A8E15FDFCFAADD9582958" box="[572,622,1284,1310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6E85FF9A8E15FEC8FAFDDF0C29D0" box="[264,1082,1364,1430]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF9A8E15FEC8FAFDDAB3292B" blockId="22.[264,1082,1364,1430]" box="[264,389,1364,1389]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970E11CFF9A8E15FEC8FAFDDAB3292B" box="[264,389,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB3D0EFF9A8E15FEF8FAD5DF0C29D0" blockId="22.[264,1082,1364,1430]" box="[312,1082,1404,1430]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Referring to the growth of the species from latin: flagrum—whip.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |