223 lines
26 KiB
XML
223 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EACB5B3105EA1C314920F4986BD6228B">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="962AB2963EBF2647379E48ED6A1697E2">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B33F81AD7C7050E5C7AC2336D4619015">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="F3A0720DFE27E38A3BA572F72A6DAC49">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:title id="432481C171C53E3D3D724A73FC61FA9C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFFFF61189693EF4F6D4F977" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6795118" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6795118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFFFF61189693EF4F6D4F977" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFFFF61189693EF4F6D4F977" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF61189693EF4FF14F48D" box="[119,177,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF61189693EF4FF14F48D" blockId="59.[117,1270,2792,2917]" box="[119,177,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFFF61189693EF4FF14F48D" box="[119,177,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFFFF61189693EF4FF14F48D" box="[119,177,2792,2838]" captionStart="Plate 6: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="57.[107,137,3293,3318]" captionTargetBox="[11,2749,17,3661]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="95. African Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum), 96. Madagascan Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon dupreanum), 98. Steadfast Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Paranyctimene tenax), 99. Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene aello), 100. Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene cyclotis), 101. Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene certans), 102. Happy Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene wrighiae), 103. Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene varius), 104. Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene albiventer), 105. Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene draconilla), 106. Demonic Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene masalai), 107. Malaita Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene malaitensis), 108. Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene vizcaccia), 109. Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene major), 110. Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene rabori), 111. Pallas’s Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene cephalotes), 112. Keast’s Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene keasti), 113. Queensland Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene robinsont)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448867/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">99.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF61189DC3EF4FC06F48D" box="[194,931,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF61189DC3EF4FC06F48D" blockId="59.[117,1270,2792,2917]" box="[194,931,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFFF61189DC3EF4FC06F48D" box="[194,931,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFFF61189DC3EF4FC06F48D" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[194,931,2792,2838]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118ACB3EF4FB53F48D" box="[981,1270,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118ACB3EF4FB53F48D" blockId="59.[117,1270,2792,2917]" box="[981,1270,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFFF6118ACB3EF4FB53F48D" box="[981,1270,2792,2838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118ACB3EF4FB53F48D" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[981,1270,2792,2838]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118ACB3EF4FB53F48D" box="[981,1270,2792,2838]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Nyctimene aello</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF61189693F34FC77F4FE" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF61189693F34FB21F4A6" blockId="59.[117,1270,2792,2917]" box="[119,1156,2856,2877]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFFF61189693F34FB21F4A6" box="[119,1156,2856,2877]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF61189693F34FF66F4A6" bold="true" box="[119,195,2856,2877]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFFF61189D23F34FEDEF4A6" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[204,379,2856,2877]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">Grand Nyctimene</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF611888E3F34FE4FF4A6" bold="true" box="[400,490,2856,2877]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFFF61188EB3F34FCF6F4A6" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[501,851,2856,2877]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">Breitstreifen-Réhrennasenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118A763F34FC66F4A6" bold="true" box="[872,963,2856,2877]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFFF6118AD03F34FB21F4A6" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[974,1156,2856,2877]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">Nyctimeno grande</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF61189683F4CFC77F4FE" blockId="59.[117,1270,2792,2917]" box="[118,978,2896,2917]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFFF61189683F4CFC77F4FE" box="[118,978,2896,2917]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF61189683F4CFECBF4FE" bold="true" box="[118,366,2896,2917]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFFF61188663F4CFDC6F4FE" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[376,611,2896,2917]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">Greater Tube-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFFF6118B6C3F4CFC77F4FE" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[626,978,2896,2917]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFFF6118B6C3F4CFCD4F4FE" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[626,881,2896,2917]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">Dark Tube-nosed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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(
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFFF6118A9E3F4CFC6EF4FE" ID-CoL="485L6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[896,971,2896,2917]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">celaeno</vernacularName>
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)
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118BC23F86FA8FF428" box="[732,1322,2970,2995]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118BC23F86FA8FF428" blockId="59.[732,1326,2970,3390]" box="[732,1322,2970,2995]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118BC23F86FCD2F428" bold="true" box="[732,887,2970,2995]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118A973F86FA80F428" ID-CoL="69JQM" authority="Thomas, 1900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[905,1317,2970,2995]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">Cephalotes aello Thomas, 1900</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118BC33FA2FBAEF399" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118BC33FA2FBAEF399" blockId="59.[732,1326,2970,3390]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFFFF6118BC33FA2FBAEF399" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391451" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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“Milne Bay [Milne Bay Province], S.E. [Papua] New
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFFF6118ABE3FF9FBADF399" box="[928,1032,3045,3074]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118BC33815F96AFE4F" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118BC33815F96AFE4F" blockId="59.[732,1326,2970,3390]" lastBlockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118BC33815FC06F3B1" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[733,931,3081,3114]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">Nyctimene aello</taxonomicName>
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is the only member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118BC0382CFCB3F3CA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[734,790,3120,3153]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">aello</taxonomicName>
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species group, which is one of four groups currently recognized in
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118DB33847FA8BF3E3" box="[1197,1326,3163,3192]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118BF6389BFC80F33B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[744,805,3207,3232]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">aello</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118A5A389BFC3FF33B" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[836,922,3207,3232]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclotis">cyclotis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118AA6389BFB97F33B" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[952,1074,3207,3232]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventer">albiventer</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118D83389BFABBF33B" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" box="[1181,1310,3207,3232]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalotes">cephalotes</taxonomicName>
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). Species groups of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118AF338BAFBCBF35C" box="[1005,1134,3238,3271]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
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here do not necessarily reflect genetic relationships but do reflect current morphological similarities. Full-scale revision of the entire genus is currently underway that will completely rework species recognition and evolutionary relationships. Thus, taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118A033970FC3BF216" box="[797,926,3436,3469]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
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presented here should not be presented as authoritative and is based on taxonomy presented in Mammal Species of the World in 2005, with a few alterations to avoid additional confusion to the already convoluted taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118FFB3578F8C2FE1E" box="[1765,1895,356,389]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118E653578F7C6FE1E" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" box="[1915,2147,356,389]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celaeno">Nyctimene celaeno</taxonomicName>
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has been considered a distinct subspecies of N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118F7F3597F93FFE37" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[1633,1690,395,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">aello</taxonomicName>
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or a distinct species, but it is tentatively considered a synonym of N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118CBE35ABFA7DFE4F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[1440,1496,439,468]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aello">aello</taxonomicName>
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here. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C6835C6F80EFDB8" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFFFF6118C6835C6F80EFDB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448871" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448871/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" startId="59.[1398,1570,474,507]" targetBox="[116,708,2976,3391]" targetPageId="59">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C6835C6F80EFDB8" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C6835C6F983FE60" bold="true" box="[1398,1574,474,507]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
[Lowland New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFFF6118E1835C6F8C9FE60" box="[1798,1900,474,507]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
along with Raja Ampat Is (Salawati and Misool) and Kairiru and Admosin Is, off N coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C683632FA58FBE8" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C683632FA58FBE8" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C683632F9D6FDD0" bold="true" box="[1398,1651,558,587]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF6118E303632F878FDD0" box="[1838,2013,558,587]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" metricValueMax="1.44" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="123.5" valueMax="144.0" valueMin="103.0">103-144 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail 14-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF61181443632F77FFDD0" box="[2138,2266,558,587]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="1.0">1-31 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 13-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF61180523632F674FDD0" box="[2380,2513,558,587]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="4.0">4-24 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 16-22-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF6118F063649F9CBFDE9" box="[1560,1646,597,626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 77-7-88-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF6118E653649F86AFDE9" box="[1915,1999,597,626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight 70-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF61181643649F773FDE9" box="[2170,2262,597,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="g" value="48.0" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="3.0">3-93 g</quantity>
|
||
. Rostrum of the Broadstriped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is short, with long tubular divergent nostrils that curve outward at rims. Ears are rounded, with bluntly pointed tips; eyes are large, with dark reddish-brown irises. Dorsal and ventral pelage is uniformly pale grayish brown, and there is thick (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF6118F5136F2F971FC94" box="[1615,1748,750,783]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8-14 mm</quantity>
|
||
across) dark brown dorsal stripe. Wings and ears are light brown; ears generally have some yellow spotting, and wings have some darker brown and lighter patches throughout. Second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is very short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are black. Skull and mandible are robust, and rostrum is short. Dental formula for all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF61180B437A8F58BFC4E" box="[2474,2606,948,981]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
|
||
is11/0,C1/1,P3/3,M 1/2 (x2) = 24. Single lowerincisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; and P, is elongated and longer than P and P,,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C6B3066F76BFB59" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C6B3066F76BFB59" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C6B3066FA40FB00" bold="true" box="[1397,1509,1146,1179]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary rainforest (but one collection in secondary rainforest) from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF6118F8B30BDF95AFB59" box="[1685,1791,1185,1218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
but extremely rare above
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFFF611816D30BDF76FFB59" box="[2163,2250,1185,1218]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C6B30D5F8B4FAA3" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C6B30D5F8B4FAA3" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C6B30D5F924FB71" bold="true" box="[1397,1665,1225,1258]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bats are frugivorous and likely a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFFF6118C6B30ECF9C0FA8A" box="[1397,1637,1264,1297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus (Moraceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
specialist. They have been observed picking ripe figs after briefly hovering near clusters offigs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C6B3123F79FFA1C" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C6B3123F79FFA1C" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C6B3123FA59FAFB" bold="true" box="[1397,1532,1343,1376]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bats have been captured in January—February and a lactating female in September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C6D3192F690FA34" box="[1395,2357,1422,1455]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C6D3192F690FA34" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" box="[1395,2357,1422,1455]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C6D3192F9FAFA34" bold="true" box="[1395,1631,1422,1455]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bats are nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C6B31AAF8DEFA65" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C6B31AAF8DEFA65" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C6B31AAF78EFA4C" bold="true" box="[1397,2091,1462,1495]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat appears to occur at low densities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C683219F9BEF907" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C683219F9BEF907" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C683219F946F9BD" bold="true" box="[1398,1763,1541,1574]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is widespread and common throughout its distribution. It faces no known major threats, but very little is known about its ecology and threats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFFF6118C6832B7F6D4F977" pageId="59" pageNumber="117" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFFF6118C6832B7F6D4F977" blockId="59.[1395,2607,282,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFFF6118C6832B7F9AAF95F" bold="true" box="[1398,1551,1707,1732]" pageId="59" pageNumber="117">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans (2001), Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso & Helgen (2008b), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Giannini & Simmons (2007a), Helgen (2007a), Irwin (2017), McKean (1972), Simmons (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |