238 lines
30 KiB
XML
238 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="15CEA4AEF5F1EC170E495AC9E4D04ED3" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFFAF6158CB6339DFE76F9BE" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nyctimene major Dobson 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9B44130C408B089089B36075A91DE0E7">
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<mods:title id="F86D98490A692B5CBFFCB19432C05D6F">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3DFE9DF8CB64CC134C72609F99E30D09">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A7613641959199FB004C929149A7680A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E0354F3EC95BEF691B249E4688904FF9">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A3AE5AD0BB34911759E90715773E7BFB">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="C5881B9CF980382FF1CE97BE6013C8E5">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D77D6B4F5EEABC0E8D021574D8B30E77">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="21AD607956287DDB229B02C808B7ABC4">
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<mods:title id="71E6FFB8A8E36F1EC130D83209D73D5A">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFFAF6158CB6339DFE76F9BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6784777" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6784777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFFAF6158CB6339DFE76F9BE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFFAF6158CB6339DFE76F9BE" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CB6339DFA5DF834" box="[1448,1528,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CB6339DFA5DF834" blockId="62.[1443,2621,1921,2048]" box="[1448,1528,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF6148CB6339DFA5DF834" box="[1448,1528,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFFAF6148CB6339DFA5DF834" box="[1448,1528,1921,1967]" captionStart="Plate 6: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="57.[107,137,3293,3318]" captionTargetBox="[11,2749,17,3661]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="95. African Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum), 96. Madagascan Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon dupreanum), 98. Steadfast Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Paranyctimene tenax), 99. Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene aello), 100. Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene cyclotis), 101. Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene certans), 102. Happy Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene wrighiae), 103. Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene varius), 104. Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene albiventer), 105. Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene draconilla), 106. Demonic Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene masalai), 107. Malaita Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene malaitensis), 108. Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene vizcaccia), 109. Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene major), 110. Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene rabori), 111. Pallas’s Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene cephalotes), 112. Keast’s Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene keasti), 113. Queensland Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene robinsont)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448867/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">109.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148F17339DF7E8F834" box="[1545,2125,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148F17339DF7E8F834" blockId="62.[1443,2621,1921,2048]" box="[1545,2125,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF6148F17339DF7E8F834" box="[1545,2125,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148F17339DF7E8F834" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1545,2125,1921,1967]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148161339DF61FF834" box="[2175,2490,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148161339DF61FF834" blockId="62.[1443,2621,1921,2048]" box="[2175,2490,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF6148161339DF61FF834" box="[2175,2490,1921,1967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148161339DF61FF834" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[2175,2490,1921,1967]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148161339DF61FF834" box="[2175,2490,1921,1967]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Nyctimene major</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBB33DDF598F865" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB33DDF6DBF84D" blockId="62.[1443,2621,1921,2048]" box="[1445,2430,1985,2006]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF6148CBB33DDF6DBF84D" box="[1445,2430,1985,2006]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBB33DDFA54F84D" bold="true" box="[1445,1521,1985,2006]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148CE433DDF900F84D" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1530,1701,1985,2006]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Nyctiméne géant</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148FA733DDF8B1F84D" bold="true" box="[1721,1812,1985,2006]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148E0333DDF7E2F84D" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1821,2119,1985,2006]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">GroRer Rohrennasenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF614814233DDF71DF84D" bold="true" box="[2140,2232,1985,2006]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF61481DC33DDF6DBF84D" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[2242,2430,1985,2006]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Nyctimeno gigante</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB33F5F598F865" blockId="62.[1443,2621,1921,2048]" box="[1445,2621,2025,2046]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF6148CBB33F5F598F865" box="[1445,2621,2025,2046]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBB33F5F939F865" bold="true" box="[1445,1692,2025,2046]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148FB833F5F807F865" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1702,1954,2025,2046]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Dobson's Tube-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148EAE33F5F598F865" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1968,2621,2025,2046]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148EAE33F5F729F865" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1968,2188,2025,2046]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Island Tube-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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;
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF614818733F5F608F865" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[2201,2477,2025,2046]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Nendo Tube-nosed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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(
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF61480A233F5F593F865" ID-CoL="485LJ" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[2492,2614,2025,2046]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">sanctacrucis</vernacularName>
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)
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF61481173C28F5FDF7D6" box="[2057,2648,2100,2125]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF61481173C28F5FDF7D6" blockId="62.[2057,2653,2100,2520]" box="[2057,2648,2100,2125]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF61481173C28F701F7D6" bold="true" box="[2057,2212,2100,2125]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF61481A93C28F5F1F7D6" ID-CoL="9bfcbb83-309d-4ddf-8d22-27fa96053e91" authority="Dobson, 1877" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[2231,2644,2100,2125]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Harpyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Harpyia major Dobson, 1877</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF61481143C47F65BF700" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF61481143C47F65BF700" blockId="62.[2057,2653,2100,2520]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFFAF61481143C47F65BF700" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391330" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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“Duke-of-York Island,”
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFAF61480503C47F798F700" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFAF61481533C66F6F9F700" box="[2125,2396,2170,2203]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFAF61480733C66F65FF700" box="[2413,2554,2170,2203]" name="Indonesia" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF61481143CBEF79FF506" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF61481143CBEF79FF506" blockId="62.[2057,2653,2100,2520]" lastBlockId="62.[1443,2651,2526,3467]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF61481143CBEF74CF758" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[2058,2281,2210,2243]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Nyctimene major</taxonomicName>
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was traditionally in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF61481123CD5F723F771" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" box="[2060,2182,2249,2282]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalotes">cephalotes</taxonomicName>
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species group along with N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF61483253CD5F79FF689" authorityName="Heaney & Peterson" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabori">rabori</taxonomicName>
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, N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF614816F3CE5F743F689" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[2161,2278,2297,2322]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">robinsoni</taxonomicName>
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, N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF61480003CE5F63CF689" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" box="[2334,2457,2297,2322]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalotes">cephalotes</taxonomicName>
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, and N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF61483103CE5F5F0F689" box="[2574,2645,2297,2322]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keasti">keasti</taxonomicName>
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. Species group arrangement in
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF61480C53D01F5F8F6A1" box="[2523,2653,2333,2362]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
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is currently tentative, and additional research will alter arrangement presented here because genetic data do not support most of the species groups in this genus. As a whole,
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148F513DC2F974F664" box="[1615,1745,2526,2559]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
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is under revision, and the current subspecies list is tentative because there might be multiple species included under currently recognized N. major. The probably extinct taxon from Santa Cruz Island, sanctacrucis, is generally recognized as a distinct species, but it is most likely a subspecies of N. major (as treated here) or even a synonym. Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBB3EB8F885F3EC" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFFAF6148CBB3EB8F885F3EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803798/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" startId="62.[1445,1599,2724,2757]" targetBox="[1442,2033,2106,2520]" targetPageId="62">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB3EB8F6F6F48F" blockId="62.[1443,2651,2526,3467]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBB3EB8F890F55E" bold="true" box="[1445,1845,2724,2757]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148CBB3ED7F6F6F48F" authority="Dobson, 1877" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="major">N.m.majorDobson,1877—BismarckArchipelago(NewIreland,DukeofYork,NewBritain,Sakar,Bagabag,andKarkarIs)andSchoutenIs(Kadovar).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB3F06F862F411" blockId="62.[1443,2651,2526,3467]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148CBB3F06F862F411" authority="K. Andersen, 1910" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="geminus">N.m.geminusK.Andersen,1910—D’EntrecasteauxIs(Goodenough,Fergusson,andNormanby),LouisiadeArchipelago(Rogeia,Sideia,Misima,Sudest,andRosselIs),TrobriandIs(Kiriwina),andAlcesterI.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB3F89F84FF429" blockId="62.[1443,2651,2526,3467]" box="[1445,2026,2965,2994]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148CBB3F89F84FF429" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1445,2026,2965,2994]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="wllulae">N.m.wllulaeThomas,1904—WoodlarkI.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB3FA4F9FFF39A" blockId="62.[1443,2651,2526,3467]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148CBB3FA4F9FFF39A" authority="Troughton, 1931" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="sanctacrucis">N.m.sanctacrucisTroughton,1931—SantaCruz(=Nendo)IintheSolomonIs(prob-ablyextinct).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB3813F885F3EC" blockId="62.[1443,2651,2526,3467]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148CBB3813F8D9F3B3" authority="K. Andersen, 1910" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1445,1916,3087,3112]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="scitulus">N. m. scitulus K. Andersen, 1910</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Solomon Is (Bougainville, Shortland, Choiseul, Kolombangara, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFAF6148FCF3832F8E6F3D4" box="[1745,1859,3118,3151]" name="Georgia" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rendova, Vangunu, Santa Isabel, Pavuvu, Nggela Sule, Guadalcanal, and Malaita).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6158CBA3899FEF7FDD1" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6158CBA3899FEF7FDD1" blockId="62.[1443,2651,2526,3467]" lastBlockId="63.[120,1329,281,1575]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBA3899F917F305" bold="true" box="[1444,1714,3205,3230]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF6148E9A3899F79CF305" box="[1924,2105,3205,3230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" metricValueMax="1.38" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="114.0" valueMax="138.0" valueMin="90.0">90-138 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail 18-32-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF61481EA3899F6F0F305" box="[2292,2389,3205,3230]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF61480AD3899F5F6F305" box="[2483,2643,3205,3230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12-18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF6148F2638B8F970F35E" box="[1592,1749,3236,3269]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="15.0">15-24 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 65-2-86-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF6148EF038B8F7EEF35E" box="[2030,2123,3236,3269]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF61481CF38B8F6FEF35E" box="[2257,2395,3236,3269]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="g" value="76.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="52.0">52-100 g</quantity>
|
||
. Head of the Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is broad, with deep face, and tubular divergent nostrils and broad, bluntly pointed ears. Eyes are large, with amber irises. Pelage is thick and woolly. Dorsal pelage is mottled grayish brown and white, with distinctive thin dark blackish mid-dorsal stripe (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF6148E9E395EF856F2F8" box="[1920,2035,3394,3427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick) stretching from shoulders to rump (may fade anteriorly or posteriorly in some individuals). Ventral pelage is yellowish gray-brown. There is yellow spotting on wings, legs, and ears (ears sometimes not spotted); wings are brown. Second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are dark brown. Skull and mandible are robust, and rostrum is short. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C| replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P,is elongate and longer than P, and P,.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158964364CFEB6FD02" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158964364CFEB6FD02" blockId="63.[120,1329,281,1575]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF6158964364CFF4CFDEA" bold="true" box="[122,233,592,625]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary rainforests, gardens, and plantations from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF61589AC3664FEAAFD02" box="[178,271,632,665]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF615896436BFFD52FC94" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF615896436BFFD52FC94" blockId="63.[120,1329,281,1575]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF615896436BFFE24FD5B" bold="true" box="[122,385,675,704]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat feeds primarily on figs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158DAA36BFFA8DFD5B" box="[1204,1320,675,704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Ficus sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF615896536DAFEA0FD7C" box="[123,261,710,743]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and seedpods of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158B1036DAFD0AFD7C" box="[526,687,710,743]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Gymnostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gymnostoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
papuanum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158A4736DAFB83FD7C" box="[857,1062,710,743]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Casuarinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by chewing pods, swallowingjuice, and spitting out fibrousbits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF61589643709FAA6FCC5" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF61589643709FAA6FCC5" blockId="63.[120,1329,281,1575]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF61589643709FF5BFCAD" bold="true" box="[122,254,789,822]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bats have been reported in August-November and lactating females from mid-December to earlyJanuary on Normanby Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF61589663778FEFEFC36" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF61589663778FEFEFC36" blockId="63.[120,1329,281,1575]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF61589663778FEC6FC1E" bold="true" box="[120,355,868,901]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat roosts in foliage during the day and forages at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF615896437AFFC97FC67" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF615896437AFFC97FC67" blockId="63.[120,1329,281,1575]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF615896437AFFCECFC4F" bold="true" box="[122,841,947,980]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat roosts alone or in small groups of 2—4 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158964301EFE8CFA4D" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158964301EFE8CFA4D" blockId="63.[120,1329,281,1575]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF6158964301EFE73FBB8" bold="true" box="[122,470,1026,1059]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat has a wide distribution over many islands in Melanesia and is relatively common in many regions (being less common whereit is sympatric with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF61588123065FE36FB01" box="[268,403,1145,1178]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It might be threatened by deforestation throughout its distribution. The Santa Cruz Island subspecies, the “Nendo Tube-nosed Fruit Bat” (N. m. sanctacrucis), 1s classified as a separate species on The IUCN Red List as Data Deficient because it is only known from the type specimen collected in the late 19" century with continued reports of it on the island until 1907 when it was last seen. Several extensive expeditions to the island in the 1980s and 1990sfailed to find it there (although exact techniques used and areas trapped/searched are unknown). The Nendo Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is likely extinct but is retained here as possibly extinct until taxonomic issues are resolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF615896431F9FE76F9BE" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF615896431F9FE76F9BE" blockId="63.[120,1329,281,1575]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF615896431F9FEB6FA65" bold="true" box="[122,275,1509,1534]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans (2001), Bonaccorso (1998), Colgan &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFBF6158A5131F9FC29FA65" box="[847,908,1509,1534]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2002), Flannery (1995a), Lamoreux (2008), Macaranas etal. (2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |