198 lines
23 KiB
XML
198 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="7C882FF78531EC575B9CA074E345C73F" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFF4F61A8CB635D5F6CAF5E9" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Harpyionycteris celebensis G. S. Miller & Hollister 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="A917BECEB706244900F69052DEE30068" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3F4F3FFED84F6255C7A90BEC355E9495">
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<mods:title id="5641112183827186B432716D6F24A968">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="81BEF61B5EEE99CC56BA45F7C37C2E1C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9668600A3EE58E9D31D82C75A95EC8F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A64C80258ECCB72B8F2B6A5FE35AF34A">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5F77BC3F41B462F4FDDAE2372DDDB1DB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2537A36FB906EBD5E6EC4542AFA56DF1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A794798266C34C4CFFCE5A83D70CE082">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="832AAC9E583A41C8E5B6E42CDDB2E6EA">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C7379520B297132D70091876079B14A7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="2ED7E0A86D71EBE90BBD21BDC754D5AD">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="F2771858F8CE244A3DD34FE851E151B5" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="433DF3B11D74798A1CAA0B7F14A349CC">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="C53282E4292EC652D8E032A33E4DF8A5">
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<mods:placeTerm id="CD3430117143BC4E5E363873ABC7B43F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EF04F41945E2C7E3D9C967056327B131">
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<mods:title id="E4E96922A5257FAEEFF1B6E371F90A2B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3497B2E0DF1C196C5D7E79C2C56453CB">
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<mods:extent id="072879D058A344FCB6636F4813042036" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="C463E3E8DEE45D9B72011BEF31841926">16</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="23948A6A89BC18957BA4636D504BC247">162</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8EB9E9E3FF77B8010BEA793355D7891A">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F2318C56C69CD66DB299A9C02DFD1B6A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D78B1FB4F074A02D405DD2498B2EF94" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFF4F61A8CB635D5F6CAF5E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794956" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFF4F61A8CB635D5F6CAF5E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFF4F61A8CB635D5F6CAF5E9" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB635D5FA45FE6C" box="[1448,1504,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB635D5FA45FE6C" blockId="48.[1445,2616,457,546]" box="[1448,1504,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF4F61A8CB635D5FA45FE6C" box="[1448,1504,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFF4F61A8CB635D5FA45FE6C" box="[1448,1504,457,503]" captionStart="Plate 5: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="45.[123,153,3243,3268]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,17,3662]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="73. Lesser Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus minimus), 74. Greater Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus sobrinus), 75. Southern Blossom Bat (Syconycteris australis), 76. Halmaheran Blossom Bat (Syconycteris carolinae), 77. Moss-forest Blossom Bat (Syconycteris hobbit), 78. Manado Fruit Bat (Boneia bidens), 79. Sulawesi Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris celebensis), 80. Philippine Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris whitehead), 81. Bulmer’s Fruit Bat (Aproteles bulmerae), 82. Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia minor), 83. Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia moluccensis), 84. Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia peronu), 86. Panniet Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia pannietensis), 87. Philippine Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia chapmani), 88. Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia emersa), 89. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia exoleta), 90. Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia viridis), 91. Beaufort’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia beauforti), 92. Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia crenulata), 93. Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia inermis), 94. New Britain Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia praedatrix)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448853/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">79.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CEC35D5F856FE6C" box="[1522,2035,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CEC35D5F856FE6C" blockId="48.[1445,2616,457,546]" box="[1522,2035,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF4F61A8CEC35D5F856FE6C" box="[1522,2035,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF4F61A8CEC35D5F856FE6C" ID-CoL="6LFR2" authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[1522,2035,457,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Harpyionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A8CEC35D5F93BFE6C" box="[1522,1694,457,503]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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Harpy Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A813B35D5F65AFE6C" box="[2085,2559,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A813B35D5F65AFE6C" blockId="48.[1445,2616,457,546]" box="[2085,2559,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF4F61A813B35D5F65AFE6C" box="[2085,2559,457,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF4F61A813B35D5F65AFE6C" ID-CoL="6LFR2" authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[2085,2559,457,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Harpyionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A813B35D5F65AFE6C" box="[2085,2559,457,503]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Harpyionycteris celebensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB83615F59DFD85" box="[1446,2616,521,542]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB83615F59DFD85" blockId="48.[1445,2616,457,546]" box="[1446,2616,521,542]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF4F61A8CB83615F59DFD85" box="[1446,2616,521,542]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8CB83615FA57FD85" bold="true" box="[1446,1522,521,542]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF4F61A8CE23615F8B1FD85" ID-CoL="6LFR2" authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[1532,1812,521,542]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Harpyionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">
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Harpyionyctére des
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A8FDA3615F8B1FD85" box="[1732,1812,521,542]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Célébes</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8E373615F821FD85" bold="true" box="[1833,1924,521,542]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF4F61A8E933615F70CFD85" ID-CoL="6LFR2" authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[1933,2217,521,542]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Harpyionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">Sulawesi-Harpyien-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A81A03615F6BFFD85" bold="true" box="[2238,2330,521,542]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF4F61A803A3615F59DFD85" ID-CoL="6LFR2" authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[2340,2616,521,542]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Harpyionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">
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Harpyionicterio de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A80FF3615F59DFD85" box="[2529,2616,521,542]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8114364CF6FEFD0F" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8114364CF6FEFD0F" blockId="48.[2058,2652,592,1015]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8114364CF703FDF6" bold="true" box="[2058,2214,592,621]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF4F61A81A4364CF6F3FD0F" ID-CoL="6LFR2" authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Harpyionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">Harpyionycteris celebensis G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8079366BF678FD27" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8079366BF678FD27" blockId="48.[2058,2652,592,1015]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFF4F61A8079366BF678FD27" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391334" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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“Gimpoe, Middle
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A81123683F7DDFD27" box="[2060,2168,671,700]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Celebes</collectingRegion>
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[=
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A81B73683F685FD27" box="[2217,2336,671,700]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF4F61A802E3683F660FD27" box="[2352,2501,671,700]" name="Indonesia" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A811536DAF6D0FD78" box="[2059,2421,710,739]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A811536DAF6D0FD78" blockId="48.[2058,2652,592,1015]" box="[2059,2421,710,739]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A811536F5F759FCA9" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFF4F61A811536F5F759FCA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803743/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" startId="48.[2059,2231,745,778]" targetBox="[1444,2034,601,1015]" targetPageId="48">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A811536F5F759FCA9" blockId="48.[2058,2652,592,1015]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A811536F5F71EFC91" bold="true" box="[2059,2235,745,778]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Throughout
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A808436F5F5A8FC91" box="[2458,2573,745,778]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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and adjacent Buton I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A81153724F5E3F861" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A81153724F5E3F861" blockId="48.[2058,2652,592,1015]" lastBlockId="48.[1446,2655,1022,2674]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A81153724F759FCC2" bold="true" box="[2059,2300,824,857]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF4F61A80B03724F5FFFCC2" box="[2478,2650,824,857]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.53" metricValueMin="1.17" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="135.0" valueMax="153.0" valueMin="117.0">117-153 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF4F61A81FC3779F6DAFC19" box="[2274,2431,869,898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0">19-21 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF4F61A83323779F7D0FC32" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="22.0">22- 27 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF4F61A80113790F60DFC32" box="[2319,2472,908,937]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="80.5" valueMax="91.0" valueMin="70.0">70-91 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF4F61A83323790F7FFFC4B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.13" metricValueMax="1.41" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" unit="g" value="113.0" valueMax="141.0" valueMin="85.0">85— 141 g</quantity>
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. Head has strong, rather short muz: zle; nostrils are shortly tubular; philtrum has two separate deep grooves and one median groove; and lower lip has large triangular papillae. Eyes are moderately large;irises are brown. Ears are long and oval. Head pelage is short and dark brown. All body pelage is long, dense, and dark brown. Fur occurs over hindleg to dorsum offoot. Tibia is relatively short, calcar is very small, uropatagium is a narrow strip, and foot claws have whitish tips. Wing membranes are broad, from sides of body, blackish brown, with some small white spots, and inserted on second toes; index claw is present. Skull is heavy; rostrum is relatively short and broad; premaxillae are fused and project forward; nasal process is thin in lateral view; orbit is large, with obvious rim; zygomatic rootis slightly above upper alveolar line; zygoma is moderately arched; and braincase is rounded. Dorsally, premaxillae project anteriorly; rostrum is strong; paranasal recesses are much inflated,joined in midline, and reach root of thick, posterolaterally directed postorbital process; postorbital foramen is obliterated; postorbital constriction is very well-marked; braincase is oval; and sagittal and nuchalcrests are sharp and low. Ventrally, palate is long, flat, and narrow; tooth rows are almost parallel; post-dental palate is short, ending straight; and ectotympanicis small and narrow, with anterior extension and spine. Mandible has slanted, sharply distinct symphysis; body is arched; coronoid slopes; tip is rounded; condyle is level with lower alveolar line; and angle is large and round. Dental formula for all species of Harpyionycterisis11/1,C1/1,P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 30. I? (I' missing) is very large, with simple base, procumbent, and outer margin concave; C is extremely robust, with stout distal basal cusp, main cusp directed anteroventrally, and obvious inner cingulum; P' is very small, with secondary distal cusp; next premolar (P°) is stout, with noticeable basal distal cusp and sharp, denticulate lingual cingulum; next premolars and molars are multicuspidate; M* is small; cheekteeth are moderate in size; and occlusal outline is oval. Lower incisors,likely I, and I, missing, are obsolete or missing; C, is tricuspidated, procumbent, and almost straight, with sharp inner cingulum; P, is relatively very large and tricuspidated; and posterior cheekteeth are multicuspidated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB93C1CF5ACF7BA" box="[1447,2569,2048,2081]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB93C1CF5ACF7BA" blockId="48.[1446,2655,1022,2674]" box="[1447,2569,2048,2081]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8CB93C1CF9B3F7BA" bold="true" box="[1447,1558,2048,2081]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Lowland to montane primary rainforests from sea level up to ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF4F61A80893C1CF5A0F7BA" box="[2455,2565,2048,2081]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB93C34F5AEF7EB" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB93C34F5AEF7EB" blockId="48.[1446,2655,1022,2674]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8CB93C34F90BF7D2" bold="true" box="[1447,1710,2088,2121]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A8FE33C34F8D4F7D2" box="[1789,1905,2088,2121]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Harpy Fruit Bat is frugivorous and probably eats figs and otherfruit. Its hard multicuspidated dentition suggests a durophagous diet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB93C6BF692F695" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB93C6BF692F695" blockId="48.[1446,2655,1022,2674]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8CB93C6BF98BF703" bold="true" box="[1447,1582,2167,2200]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A8FD03C6BF8E7F703" box="[1742,1858,2167,2200]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Harpy Fruit Bats were recorded carrying one embryo in January and September, and a female was carrying a dependent young in January. Nearly full-grown females were recorded in June, suggesting that the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A80983CD9F65FF77D" box="[2438,2554,2245,2278]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Harpy Fruit Bat requires c¢.6 months to reach adult size, at least females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB83D05F824F6AD" box="[1446,1921,2329,2358]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB83D05F824F6AD" blockId="48.[1446,2655,1022,2674]" box="[1446,1921,2329,2358]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8CB83D05F934F6AD" bold="true" box="[1446,1681,2329,2358]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB93D20F6F1F6C6" box="[1447,2388,2364,2397]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB93D20F6F1F6C6" blockId="48.[1446,2655,1022,2674]" box="[1447,2388,2364,2397]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8CB93D20F7C1F6C6" bold="true" box="[1447,2148,2364,2397]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB63D7FF5FEF660" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB63D7FF5FEF660" blockId="48.[1446,2655,1022,2674]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8CB63D7FF8A0F61F" bold="true" box="[1448,1797,2403,2436]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A80F43D7FF5F9F61F" box="[2538,2652,2403,2436]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Harpy Fruit Bat is uncommon throughout its distribution, and its absence in active bushmeat markets (especially in northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A8EB53DAFF7BAF64F" box="[1963,2079,2483,2516]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
) suggests that populations have declined. It occurs in some protected areas such as Lore Lindu National Park in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF4F61A80673DC6F5F2F660" box="[2425,2647,2522,2555]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">central Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF4F61A8CB73E16F6CAF5E9" pageId="48" pageNumber="106" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF4F61A8CB73E16F6CAF5E9" blockId="48.[1446,2655,1022,2674]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF4F61A8CB73E16F9E4F5B8" bold="true" box="[1449,1601,2570,2595]" pageId="48" pageNumber="106">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2011), Amador et al. (2018), Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988), Giannini & Simmons (2007a), Giannini, Almeida & Simmons (2009), Giannini, Almeida, Simmons & DeSalle (2006), Hutson, Suyanto, Kingston & Helgen (2008), Maryanto et al. (2011), Peterson & Fenton (1970), Tate (1951).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |