219 lines
24 KiB
XML
219 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="F05AFDF421384795F35BE6364F2BF5FE" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFE7F6098963351FFE49F77C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myonycteris brachycephala Bocage 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="08A95E7632711BE5ECC86424550E4AF7">
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<mods:title id="D093F21B2FA1D71522958B784C62B80A">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7FC88D12E09C3E35616A202773E8EC14" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F74975B374EC3E5A9B49310439D2216D">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3144406DDDA3B525F964A8EDB569AD6">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="36D7752015A7809ECA609DDB4848EE9C">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="FDCAAF7119FF64BD9AA1A27699ADCAC8" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="3015726DE5F1EB48288B17FCE42059FC">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="B8C1740500630B9F6F8198F9F08D0960">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B6E8B9EBDBDE25B0BA015E8FD390B582">
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<mods:title id="0050F4C4D309381C7C72FD42204FAAAD">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ED30AB0DC32361E7D1808FE634FB4BD4">
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<mods:start id="1DE2D74B1529017F5FBADE6B739DCC15">16</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="FAEF2CDD8242FA164FB7B570B330C5C2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFE7F6098963351FFE49F77C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448943" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448943" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFE7F6098963351FFE49F77C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFE7F6098963351FFE49F77C" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098963351FFF10FEAA" box="[125,181,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098963351FFF10FEAA" blockId="35.[123,1326,259,350]" box="[125,181,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F6098963351FFF10FEAA" box="[125,181,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFE7F6098963351FFF10FEAA" box="[125,181,259,305]" captionStart="Plate 4: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="33.[122,152,3248,3269]" captionTargetBox="[14,2755,18,3663]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="50. Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus azagnyi), 51. Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus woermanni), 52. Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis), 53. Little Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris torquata), 54. Sao Tome Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris brachycephala), 55. Sierra Leone Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris leptodon), 56. Bergmans’s Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris relicta), 57. Broad-faced Fruit Bat (Plerotes anchietae), 58. Hammer-headed Fruit Bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus), 59. Franquet’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops franqueti), 60. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops buettikoferi), 61. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Nanonycteris veldkampr), 62. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus gambianus), 63. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus erypturus), 64. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus angolensis), 65. Little Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus labiatus), 66. Minor Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus minor), 67. Ansell’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus anselli), 68. Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi), 69. Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus dobsonu), 70. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus grands), 71. Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus pusillus), 72. Hayman’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus intermedius)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448849/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">54.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F60989D9351FFCB0FEAA" box="[199,789,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F60989D9351FFCB0FEAA" blockId="35.[123,1326,259,350]" box="[199,789,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F60989D9351FFCB0FEAA" box="[199,789,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F60989D9351FFCB0FEAA" ID-CoL="454ZF" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1889" box="[199,789,259,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F60989D9351FFE37FEAA" box="[199,402,259,305]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tome</collectingCountry>
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Collared Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098A59351FFA8BFEAA" box="[839,1326,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098A59351FFA8BFEAA" blockId="35.[123,1326,259,350]" box="[839,1326,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F6098A59351FFA8BFEAA" box="[839,1326,259,305]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098A59351FFA8BFEAA" ID-CoL="454ZF" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1889" box="[839,1326,259,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098A59351FFA8BFEAA" box="[839,1326,259,305]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Myonycteris brachycephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F60989623558FB59FEC2" box="[124,1276,324,345]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F60989623558FB59FEC2" blockId="35.[123,1326,259,350]" box="[124,1276,324,345]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F60989623558FB59FEC2" box="[124,1276,324,345]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F60989623558FF6DFEC2" bold="true" box="[124,200,324,345]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F60989CC3558FE6BFEC2" ID-CoL="454ZF" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1889" box="[210,462,324,345]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
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Myonyctere de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F609886E3558FE6BFEC2" box="[368,462,324,345]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tomé</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F60988FD3558FD9BFEC2" bold="true" box="[483,574,324,345]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F6098B593558FC21FEC2" ID-CoL="454ZF" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1889" box="[583,900,324,345]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">Sao-Tomé-Halskrausenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098A843558FC50FEC2" bold="true" box="[922,1013,324,345]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F6098AE13558FB59FEC2" ID-CoL="454ZF" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1889" box="[1023,1276,324,345]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
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Myonicterio de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F6098D823558FB59FEC2" box="[1180,1276,324,345]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tomé</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098BFC359AFCD0FE54" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098BFC359AFCD0FE54" blockId="35.[738,1330,390,817]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098BFC359AFCD8FE3C" bold="true" box="[738,893,390,423]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098A8E359AFCD4FE54" authority="Bocage, 1889" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynonycleris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">Cynonycleris brachycephala Bocage, 1889</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098A9735B5FC3BFE6D" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098A9735B5FC3BFE6D" blockId="35.[738,1330,390,817]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFE7F6098A9735B5FC3BFE6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391421" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F6098A9735B5FB21FE54" box="[905,1156,425,463]" name="Sao Tome Island" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tomé Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F6098D8335B5FC3FFE6D" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tomé and Principe</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098BFD35E0FBA7FD21" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098BFD35E0FBA7FD21" blockId="35.[738,1330,390,817]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098BFD35E0FB90FD86" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1889" box="[739,1077,508,541]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">Myonycteris brachycephala</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098A12363FFC0CFDDF" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[780,937,547,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquata">M. torquata</taxonomicName>
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(separation occurred c.1-8 million years ago); it was placed in a separate subgenus (Phygetis), which has been rejected. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098BFC36DDFC72FC91" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFE7F6098BFC36DDFC72FC91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803694/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" startId="35.[738,910,705,738]" targetBox="[123,715,400,816]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098BFC36DDFC72FC91" blockId="35.[738,1330,390,817]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098BFC36DDFC36FD79" bold="true" box="[738,915,705,738]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to So Tomé 1 (Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F6098A4336F5FC6CFC91" box="[861,969,745,778]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098BFC370CFA94F9DD" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098BFC370CFA94F9DD" blockId="35.[738,1330,390,817]" lastBlockId="35.[123,1333,832,2279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098BFC370CFBA5FCAA" bold="true" box="[738,1024,784,817]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F6098C1E370CFF51FCC2" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.06" metricValueMin="0.94" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="100.0" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="94.0">94-106 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F609885A375CFE3DFCC2" box="[324,408,832,857]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F60988F7375CFDDAFCC2" box="[489,639,832,857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11-15 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F6098A3E375CFC12FCC2" box="[800,951,832,857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15-17 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F6098D55375CFB40FCC2" box="[1099,1253,832,857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="63.0" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="62.0">62-64 mm</quantity>
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||
. The
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F60989633743FEAFFC1B" box="[125,266,863,896]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tome</collectingCountry>
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Collared Fruit Bat has relatively short head; relatively short blunt muzzle; large brown eyes, surrounded by narrow dark ring; and relatively short and rounded ears. Thumbs are relatively long. Adult males lack epaulettes; dorsum is generally dark brown, gradually fading to pale brown on nape of neck and crown; cheeks are grayish; hairs are dull isabella color or wood-brown at bases; and pelage is silky and middorsally
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F60989ED3038FEF4FBDE" box="[243,337,1060,1093]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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, extending along forearm, femur, and tibia, both dorsally and ventrally. Breast and abdomen are isabella brown to grayish brown; throat is washed with very pale tinge of tawny olive; and distinct ruff of hairs occurs on throat and sides of neck. Wings have claw on second digits, membranes are dark, and undersides are sparsely covered in short woolly hairs. Skull is robust, rostrum is relatively long and broad, sagittal crest is low, interorbital region is relatively broad, and zygomatic arches are arched posteriorly. Palate is relatively long, and post-dental palate is narrow, with lateral margins converging. There are nine palatal ridges, of which seven are interdental and thick, and two are post-dental and thin and serrated; ridges 1-4 are not divided; and ridges 5-7 are divided. Dental formulais12/1-5,C1/1,P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 33. In all known specimens,left or right I, is missing, leading to an asymmetrical dental formula. C' is relatively short (hardly any higher than premolar) and recurved; C, is not as high as middle lower premolars; P' and M' are reduced; cheekteeth are large, with small interdental spaces; and lower molars are subrectangular and relatively wide.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F60989633251FB45F926" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F60989633251FB45F926" blockId="35.[123,1333,832,2279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F60989633251FF49F9F5" bold="true" box="[125,236,1613,1646]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Habitat.</emphasis>
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[.owland to montane tropical moist forests, steep rocky areas, and agricultural areas (chiefly cocoa plantations) at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F6098A373265FC70F90D" box="[809,981,1657,1686]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="300.0">300-1300 m</quantity>
|
||
. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F6098D383265FB15F90D" box="[1062,1200,1657,1686]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tome</collectingCountry>
|
||
Collared Fruit Bat seems to avoid coastal zone and northern dry part of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F6098AEF3280FB79F926" box="[1009,1244,1692,1725]" name="Sao Tome Island" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tomé Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F609896332DFFBC6F8AF" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F609896332DFFBC6F8AF" blockId="35.[123,1333,832,2279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F609896332DFFE23F97F" bold="true" box="[125,390,1731,1764]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F60988C632DFFDC1F97F" box="[472,612,1731,1764]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tome</collectingCountry>
|
||
Collared Fruit Bat was reported from plantations, where it possibly feeds on cultivated species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098A2932F7FC2CF897" box="[823,905,1771,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" genus="Carica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carica</taxonomicName>
|
||
papaya,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098AE132F7FB3CF897" box="[1023,1177,1771,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caricaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098DB732F7FA90F897" box="[1193,1333,1771,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Artocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
altilis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F60989CB330BFEC5F8AF" box="[213,352,1815,1844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F609886F330BFE4FF8AF" box="[369,490,1815,1844]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Musa sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F60988E5330BFD23F8AF" box="[507,646,1815,1844]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098BCA330BFC9BF8AF" box="[724,830,1815,1844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Psidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
guajava,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F6098ADE330BFBF3F8AF" box="[960,1110,1815,1844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F60989633322FE56F8C0" box="[125,499,1854,1883]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F60989633322FE56F8C0" blockId="35.[123,1333,832,2279]" box="[125,499,1854,1883]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F60989633322FEA1F8C0" bold="true" box="[125,260,1854,1883]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098962337DFB60F831" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098962337DFB60F831" blockId="35.[123,1333,832,2279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098962337DFEC2F819" bold="true" box="[124,359,1889,1922]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F609886D337DFE5BF819" box="[371,510,1889,1922]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tome</collectingCountry>
|
||
Collared Fruit Bats are presumably nocturnal. Individuals were always captured in mountain passes, probably during commuting flights.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F609896333ADFB8FF849" box="[125,1066,1969,2002]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F609896333ADFB8FF849" blockId="35.[123,1333,832,2279]" box="[125,1066,1969,2002]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F609896333ADFC9EF849" bold="true" box="[125,827,1969,2002]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F609896033C4FBCBF70C" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F609896033C4FBCBF70C" blockId="35.[123,1333,832,2279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F609896033C4FE41F862" bold="true" box="[126,484,2008,2041]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F6098C1C33C4FF68F7BB" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tome</collectingCountry>
|
||
Collared Fruit Batis restricted to only one island location, and habitat quality is declining due to logging and conversion to agricultural use. Whether the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F6098DB83C3BFA96F7D3" box="[1190,1331,2087,2120]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Sao Tome</collectingCountry>
|
||
Collared Fruit Bat is present in any protected areas remains to be confirmed, but it might occur in mountain forests in the protected area of Lagoa Amelia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F60989613CBAFE49F77C" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F60989613CBAFE49F77C" blockId="35.[123,1333,832,2279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F60989613CBAFEB2F724" bold="true" box="[127,279,2214,2239]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (1976, 1997), Feiler et al. (1993), Juste (2016a), Juste & Ibanez (1993b, 1994b), Nesiet al. (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |