308 lines
41 KiB
XML
308 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="A81C79818E71A3763DC4559EA48A27D4">
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<mods:title id="92631039B879B92D1E656CC6EB9D406A">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE52E3E6B1AD3671048A03E76C2624E6">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B4F588E4780C9E2ABB812D6A967F4AA">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="AEA3BF8EE7C3F320C5B287CBAC4F884F">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:titleInfo id="030134C0DDAC5F14430CFD3C671FCA2B">
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<mods:title id="DA6870612BB90AF57A435B9C020655C5">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFE5F6088C663FD2F898FE35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448937" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379282" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448937" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFE5F6088C663FD2F898FE35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFE5F6088C663FD2F898FE35" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE5F60B8C663FD2FA14F39B" box="[1400,1457,3022,3072]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE5F60B8C663FD2FA14F39B" blockId="33.[1397,2605,2856,3156]" box="[1400,1457,3022,3072]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE5F60B8C663FD2FA14F39B" box="[1400,1457,3022,3072]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFE5F60B8C663FD2FA14F39B" box="[1400,1457,3022,3072]" captionStart="Plate 4: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="33.[122,152,3248,3269]" captionTargetBox="[14,2755,18,3663]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="50. Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus azagnyi), 51. Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus woermanni), 52. Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis), 53. Little Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris torquata), 54. Sao Tome Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris brachycephala), 55. Sierra Leone Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris leptodon), 56. Bergmans’s Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris relicta), 57. Broad-faced Fruit Bat (Plerotes anchietae), 58. Hammer-headed Fruit Bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus), 59. Franquet’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops franqueti), 60. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops buettikoferi), 61. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Nanonycteris veldkampr), 62. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus gambianus), 63. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus erypturus), 64. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus angolensis), 65. Little Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus labiatus), 66. Minor Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus minor), 67. Ansell’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus anselli), 68. Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi), 69. Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus dobsonu), 70. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus grands), 71. Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus pusillus), 72. Hayman’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus intermedius)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448849/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">52.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE5F60B8CA13FD2F78DF39B" box="[1471,2088,3022,3072]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE5F60B8CA13FD2F78DF39B" blockId="33.[1397,2605,2856,3156]" box="[1471,2088,3022,3072]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE5F60B8CA13FD2F78DF39B" box="[1471,2088,3022,3072]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE5F60B8CA13FD2F78DF39B" ID-CoL="3VG7D" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1471,2088,3022,3072]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE5F60B81443FC8F5B6F399" box="[2138,2579,3028,3074]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE5F60B81443FC8F5B6F399" blockId="33.[1397,2605,2856,3156]" box="[2138,2579,3028,3074]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE5F60B81443FC8F5B6F399" box="[2138,2579,3028,3074]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B81443FC8F5B6F399" ID-CoL="3VG7D" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2138,2579,3028,3074]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE5F60B81443FC8F5B6F399" box="[2138,2579,3028,3074]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">Lissonycteris angolensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE5F60B8C69380FF844F3D4" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE5F60B8C69380FF6CFF3B3" blockId="33.[1397,2605,2856,3156]" box="[1399,2410,3091,3112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE5F60B8C69380FF6CFF3B3" box="[1399,2410,3091,3112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE5F60B8C69380FFA66F3B3" bold="true" box="[1399,1475,3091,3112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE5F60B8CD2380FF901F3B3" ID-CoL="3VG7D" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1484,1700,3091,3112]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Lissonyctere dAngola</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE5F60B8FA4380FF8B1F3B3" bold="true" box="[1722,1812,3091,3112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE5F60B8E02380FF7B7F3B3" ID-CoL="3VG7D" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1820,2066,3091,3112]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Angola-Samtfellflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE5F60B8136380FF726F3B3" bold="true" box="[2088,2179,3091,3112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE5F60B8193380FF6CFF3B3" ID-CoL="3VG7D" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2189,2410,3091,3112]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">
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Lisonicterio de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE5F60B8038380FF6CFF3B3" box="[2342,2410,3091,3112]" name="Angola" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">Angola</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE5F60B8C683826F844F3D4" blockId="33.[1397,2605,2856,3156]" box="[1398,2017,3130,3151]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE5F60B8C683826F844F3D4" box="[1398,2017,3130,3151]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE5F60B8C683826F9CBF3D4" bold="true" box="[1398,1646,3130,3151]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE5F60B8F6B3826F886F3D4" ID-CoL="3VG7D" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1653,1827,3130,3151]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Angolan Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE5F60B8E303826F844F3D4" ID-CoL="3VG7D" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1838,2017,3130,3151]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Angolan Rousette</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFE5F60B896438ACFA53F213" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448849/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" startId="33.[122,152,3248,3269]" targetBox="[14,2755,18,3663]" targetPageId="32">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE5F60B896438ACFA53F213" blockId="33.[120,2580,3246,3470]" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">
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On following pages: 52. Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8BD038ACFC7CF35E" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[718,985,3248,3269]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Lissonycteris angolensis</taxonomicName>
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); 53. Little Collared Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8C3E38ACF9AFF35E" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1312,1546,3248,3269]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquata">Myonycteris torquata</taxonomicName>
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); 54.
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE5F60B8F5638ACF915F35E" box="[1608,1712,3248,3269]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">Sao Tome</collectingCountry>
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Collared Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8E9A38ACF70BF35E" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1889" box="[1924,2222,3248,3269]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">Myonycteris brachycephala</taxonomicName>
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); 55.
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE5F60B81F338ACF6D0F35E" box="[2285,2421,3248,3269]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="33" pageNumber="91">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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Collared Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B89B338CFFE3EF377" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[173,411,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptodon">Myonycteris leptodon</taxonomicName>
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); 56. Bergmans’s Collared Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8A3338CFFC5BF377" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1980" box="[813,1022,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relicta">Myonycteris relicta</taxonomicName>
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); 57. Broad-faced Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8C3238CFFA52F377" baseAuthorityName="Seabra" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1324,1527,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Plerotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">Plerotes anchietae</taxonomicName>
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); 58. Hammer-headed Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8E4038CFF7DBF377" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1861" box="[1886,2174,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Hypsignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monstrosus">Hypsignathus monstrosus</taxonomicName>
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); 59. Franquet's Epauletted Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B89B338E7FEDAF28F" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[173,383,3323,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="franqueti">Epomops franqueti</taxonomicName>
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), 60. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8A3938E7FBB7F28F" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[807,1042,3323,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buettikoferi">Epomops buettikoferi</taxonomicName>
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); 61. Veldkamp's Epauletted Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8CAB38E7F964F28F" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1461,1729,3323,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nanonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veldkampii">Nanonycteris veldkampii</taxonomicName>
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); 62. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B815138E7F6CDF28F" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[2127,2408,3323,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gambianus">Epomophorus gambianus</taxonomicName>
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); 63. Peters's Epauletted Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B887F393EFDCDF2A0" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[353,616,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crypturus">Epomophorus crypturus</taxonomicName>
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); 64. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8AF0393EFAA6F2A0" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[1006,1283,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Epomophorus angolensis</taxonomicName>
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); 65. Little Epauletted Fruit Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8F79393EF8FEF2A0" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[1639,1883,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labiatus">Epomophorus labiatus</taxonomicName>
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); 66.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8E85393EF71DF2A0" authority="Epauletted Fruit Bat" authorityName="Epauletted Fruit Bat" box="[1947,2232,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Ptenochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Minor Epauletted Fruit Bat</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B81D7393EF60FF2A0" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1880" box="[2249,2474,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Epomophorus minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 67. Ansell's Epauletted Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B88A23956FDF0F2F8" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1836" box="[444,597,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epomophorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
ansell)); 68. Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8D593956FAF7F2F8" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1846" box="[1095,1362,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wahlbergi">Epomophorus wahlbergi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 69. Dobson's Epauletted Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8FFA3956F84DF2F8" box="[1764,2024,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dobsoni">Epomophorus dobsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 70. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B80643956FF6FF213" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">Epomophorus grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 71. Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8B233973FC8AF213" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" box="[573,815,3439,3464]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Epomophorus pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 72. Hayman's Epauletted Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE5F60B8DD93973FA4EF213" baseAuthorityName="Hayman" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1223,1515,3439,3464]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">Epomophorus intermedius</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F6088A133500FCF2FEFB" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F6088A133500FCF2FEFB" blockId="34.[781,1374,284,706]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F6088A133500FC0DFEA2" bold="true" box="[781,936,284,313]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088AA43500FCF7FEFB" ID-CoL="d7b17890-791c-4197-a859-70ddab572581" authority="Bocage, 1898" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Cynonycteris angolensis Bocage, 1898</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F6088A793523FB62FE1C" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F6088A793523FB62FE1C" blockId="34.[781,1374,284,706]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFE6F6088A793523FB62FE1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391476" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Pungo Andongo, north of Cuanza River, Cahata, Quibula,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE6F6088D45357AFB67FE1C" box="[1115,1218,358,391]" name="Angola" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F6088A13358EFBFCFC8A" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F6088A13358EFBFCFC8A" blockId="34.[781,1374,284,706]" lastBlockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088ACA358EFBDBFE34" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[980,1150,402,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">L. angolensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been problematic. It was formerly included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088C1C35A5FC91FE66" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rousettus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088AC735C0FBD2FE66" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1912" box="[985,1143,476,509]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lissonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on morphological and behavioral characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088A10364EFC0EFDE8" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1912" box="[782,939,594,627]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lissonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088DF6364EFCFEFD00" authorityName="Lawrence & Novick" authorityYear="1963" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Myonycterini">Myonycterini</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in fact, it might be congeneric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088A1036BDFC06FD59" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1899" box="[782,931,673,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Here, the single species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088C1336BDFEADFD72" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">L. angolensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognized pending further studies, but some authors have raised subspecies goliath and ruwenzorii to distinct species. Five subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F60889B83707FAF3FBD6" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFE6F60889B83707FAF3FBD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803690/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" startId="34.[166,321,795,824]" targetBox="[165,758,286,701]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889B83707FD92FCA3" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" box="[166,567,795,824]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F60889B83707FD92FCA3" bold="true" box="[166,567,795,824]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889B93723FAECFCFB" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" box="[167,1353,831,864]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60889B93723FAECFCFB" authority="Bocage, 1898" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[167,1353,831,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="angolensis" subSpecies="angolensis">L.a.angolensisBocage,1898—fromBeninStoWAngola(Wof22°E);alsoBiokoI.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889B9377AFEA4FC35" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60889B9377AFEA4FC35" authority="Bergmans, 1997" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1997" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="angolensis" subSpecies="goliath">L.a.goliathBergmans,1997—EZimbabweandCMozambique(Eof30°EandSof16°8).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889B937A9FB5BFC4D" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" box="[167,1278,949,982]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60889B937A9FB5BFC4D" authority="Bergmans, 1997" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1997" box="[167,1278,949,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="angolensis" subSpecies="petraea">L.a.petraeaBergmans,1997—EthiopianHighlands(Eof34°EandNof6°N).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889B937C0FAE3FBBE" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60889B937C0FAE3FBBE" authority="Eisentraut, 1965" authorityName="Eisentraut" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Eisentraut" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="angolensis" subSpecies="ruwenzorii">L.a.ruwenzoriiEisentraut,1965—SouthSudan,DRCongo,Uganda,Rwanda,Burundi,Kenya,Tanzania,NZambia,andNMalawi(Eof22°Eandbetween6°Nand12°S).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889B93030FAF3FBD6" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" box="[167,1366,1068,1101]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60889B93030FDB7FBD6" authority="Thomas, 1908" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[167,530,1068,1101]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Lissonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="angolensis" subSpecies="smithii">L. a. smithii Thomas, 1908</taxonomicName>
|
||
— W Africa, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE6F6088A133030FCDCFBD6" box="[781,889,1068,1101]" name="Senegal" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE6F6088ADD3030FB94FBD6" box="[963,1073,1068,1101]" name="Gambia" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Gambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE6F6088D403030FB01FBD6" box="[1118,1188,1068,1101]" name="Togo" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
(W of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE30502BFFE6F6088C173030FAE3FBD6" box="[1289,1350,1068,1101]" degrees="2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" precision="55555" value="2.0">2° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F60889BB3047FE55F705" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889BB3047FE55F705" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F60889BB3047FE06FBEF" bold="true" box="[165,419,1115,1140]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F6088B7D3047FCABFBEF" box="[611,782,1115,1140]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="115.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="90.0">90-140 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F6088A423047FC46FBEF" box="[860,995,1115,1140]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="6.0">6-21 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F6088D2A3047FB69FBEF" box="[1076,1228,1115,1140]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15-25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F60889B73067FE9AFB07" box="[169,319,1147,1180]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="16.0">16-25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F60888CC3067FDCFFB07" box="[466,618,1147,1180]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="79.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="68.0">68-90 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F6088BF63067FCFFFB07" box="[744,858,1147,1180]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="g" value="73.5" valueMax="87.0" valueMin="60.0">60-87 g</quantity>
|
||
. The Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat has relatively short muzzle; expansible lips and cheeks; large and brown eyes; and dark brown naked ears, with rounded tips and distinct antitragus. Adult males lack epaulettes; dorsum is generally dark rusty brown to dark golden brown or grayish brown in both sexes (some individuals are darker on head and hindlegs). Pelage is long, soft, dense, mid-dorsally
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F60888D6315CFD8CFAFA" box="[456,553,1344,1377]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
on average, and combined with longer hairs, extending along forearm dorsally and ventrally and on uropatagium and hindlegs onto ankles; hairs have pale brown bases and dark brown tips. Venter is slightly paler and grayer than dorsum; throat has ruff of coarse hairs in males extending to upper pectoral area and ending in a curl on each shoulder; in females, this area is less extensive (not reaching shoulders or pectoral area) and covered with sparser and longer hairs; ruff on males becomes sticky during certain periods of the year, possibly due to glandular secretions that are linked to sexual behavior, although thisstill needs to be confirmed because no glands are found in area covered by ruff. Toes are inconspicuously webbed. Wings have claw on second digits, membranes are dark brown (darker wing margins in some individuals), sparsely covered in hairs and attach to back of second toes; uropatagium is V-shaped; and calcaris short. Rostrum is medium in length; braincase is slightly deflected downward; premaxillae are fused; zygomatic arches are moderate; and there are seven thick palatal ridges, of which five are interdental, and ridges 1-3 are not divided. Dental formula is 12/2, C1/1,P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 34. Upper cheekteeth, especially P* and M', are squarish in occlusal view, and P, small or minute. Supernumerary teeth can be present. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FNa = 66, with twelve pairs of large to small metacentric and submetacentric, four pairs of medium-sized subtelocentric, and one pair of small acrocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is submetacentric, and Y-chromosomeis acrocentric. In other samples, no subtelocentric autosomes were observed, but there were 16 pairs of meta- and submetacentric autosomes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F60889BB3CB5FAECF6FF" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889BB3CB5FAECF6FF" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F60889BB3CB5FEB1F75D" bold="true" box="[165,276,2217,2246]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Rainforest, Rainforest Savanna mosaics, Afromontane-Afroalpine,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE6F6088DEB3CB5FAFEF75D" box="[1269,1371,2217,2246]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
Savanna, and Zambezian Woodland biotic zones from sea level up to elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F60889B83CE8FEA8F68E" box="[166,269,2292,2325]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="m" value="2667.0">2667 m</quantity>
|
||
(some reports up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE6F6088B5E3CE8FD08F68E" box="[576,685,2292,2325]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
|
||
). In forest zones, Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bats are generally found near edges and missing in more central areas. In savanna and woodland zones,it is largely found in relict or riverine forests or nearby wetter areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F60889BB3D77FCFCF5E3" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889BB3D77FCFCF5E3" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F60889BB3D77FE0CF617" bold="true" box="[165,425,2411,2444]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat forages below the canopy, where it directly lands on soft fruits that are eaten on the spot or carried to a nearby branch; juice is swallowed, and seeds and dry pulp are discarded. Fruit is carried in the mouth and manipulated with hindfeet only. Diet includes fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088D053DFDFAB5F599" authority=", Chlorophora" authorityName="Chlorophora" box="[1051,1296,2529,2562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus, Chlorophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60889B83E10FE10F5B2" box="[166,437,2572,2601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Milicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Milicia (Moraceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60888D73E10FCEBF5B2" box="[457,846,2572,2601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Anthocleista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anthocleista (Gentianaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088A7A3E10FB3EF5B2" box="[868,1179,2572,2601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum (Solanaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088DB13E10FEEFF5CA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Adenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adenia (Passifloraceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F608887F3E28FC99F5CA" box="[353,828,2612,2641]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088A4D3E28FC19F5CA" box="[851,956,2612,2641]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Psidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
guajava and Syzygiumjambos (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60889AF3E47FEECF5E3" box="[177,329,2651,2680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F60888BC3E47FD84F5E3" box="[418,545,2651,2680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Maesopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Maesopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
eminii (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE6F6088B903E47FCE9F5E3" box="[654,844,2651,2680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F60889BA3E63FCC8F440" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889BA3E63FCC8F440" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F60889BA3E63FE8EF53B" bold="true" box="[164,299,2687,2720]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Litter size of the Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat is one. Reproductive chronology is uncertain, although polyestry seems highly probable in various localities. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE6F60889CE3ED2FE93F574" box="[208,310,2766,2799]" name="Liberia" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, females were pregnant in July, and births occurred in September. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE6F6088C2C3ED2FF49F48D" name="Nigeria" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, pregnant females and one lactating female were found in July. On Bioko Island, females were pregnant in February-March and October-November. In southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE6F60889BB3F58FE55F4FE" box="[165,496,2884,2917]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, near-parturient females were found in May-September and November, and lactating females in January-February and June. Gestation lasts c.4 months. Adult males generally move away from roosts occupied by pregnant and lactating females and only return after lactation ends.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F60889BD3FFEFC04F3C9" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889BD3FFEFC04F3C9" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F60889BD3FFEFE35F398" bold="true" box="[163,400,3042,3075]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bats are presumably nocturnal. They are frequently found roosting at cave entrances, old mine adits, and hollow trees and are also found in dense vegetation and under palm leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F60889BA3844FE99F353" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889BA3844FE99F353" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F60889BA3844FCCDF3E2" bold="true" box="[164,872,3160,3193]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bats frequently roost in groups of 2-50 individuals, occasionally up to 100, and sometimes only singly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F60889BA38D3FECCF215" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F60889BA38D3FECCF215" blockId="34.[159,1374,712,3470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F60889BA38D3FDA2F36B" bold="true" box="[164,519,3279,3312]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population. It has not declined fast enough to warrant a higher conservation category. No major threats are known, but loss of habitat and overharvesting for food can be important In some areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE6F6088CBB3503F898FE35" pageId="34" pageNumber="92" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE6F6088CBB3503F898FE35" blockId="34.[1444,2648,287,433]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE6F6088CBB3503F99BFEA3" bold="true" box="[1445,1598,287,312]" pageId="34" pageNumber="92">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans (1997), Bergmans, Hutson, Mickleburgh & Monadjem (2017), Denys et al. (2013), Haiduk et al. (1980), Happold, M. (2013k), Koopman (1975), Lanza et al. (2008), Mainoya & Howell (1979), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Nesi et al. (2013), Peterson et al. (1995), Schutt & Simmons (1998), Seltzer et al. (2013), Van Cakenberghe et al. (2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |