211 lines
23 KiB
XML
211 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="64C58A46300770D4065A11F364D60541" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFE3F6028C773F25FEA7F93A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Epomophorus angolensis Bocage 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="11DFD520B34683D3BFB8FE1799774A1E">
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<mods:title id="778CFAAB30266C9CD7EA14D30C3885E2">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7DFEFE5812BA1A9398D7E70663758321">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D56CD8A5428963B89B28B06EFEFA940">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="E1ED9B8BED0F2AA2C03797B9C6C7B3E2">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="FF0CE1D1CC2566E03A64FF96D6E57286" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="E0761E5DCD93E6BEAD65FC289CDB9DA2">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="4E68659DB9E83C98AE153347B0A53FF8">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="99A6A0A50BCBB6794394138A4A68C96D">
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<mods:title id="A9BD6C0B98E0B2EED7AA9FA0BD385FAD">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFE3F6028C773F25FEA7F93A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448963" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448963" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFE3F6028C773F25FEA7F93A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFE3F6028C773F25FEA7F93A" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F60D8C773F25FA07F4FC" box="[1385,1442,2873,2919]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F60D8C773F25FA07F4FC" blockId="39.[1383,2587,2873,2968]" box="[1385,1442,2873,2919]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE3F60D8C773F25FA07F4FC" box="[1385,1442,2873,2919]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFE3F60D8C773F25FA07F4FC" box="[1385,1442,2873,2919]" captionStart="Plate 4: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="33.[122,152,3248,3269]" captionTargetBox="[14,2755,18,3663]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="50. Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus azagnyi), 51. Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus woermanni), 52. Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis), 53. Little Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris torquata), 54. Sao Tome Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris brachycephala), 55. Sierra Leone Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris leptodon), 56. Bergmans’s Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris relicta), 57. Broad-faced Fruit Bat (Plerotes anchietae), 58. Hammer-headed Fruit Bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus), 59. Franquet’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops franqueti), 60. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops buettikoferi), 61. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Nanonycteris veldkampr), 62. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus gambianus), 63. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus erypturus), 64. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus angolensis), 65. Little Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus labiatus), 66. Minor Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus minor), 67. Ansell’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus anselli), 68. Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi), 69. Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus dobsonu), 70. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus grands), 71. Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus pusillus), 72. Hayman’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus intermedius)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448849/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">64.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F60D8CAE3F26F7BEF4F7" box="[1456,2075,2874,2924]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F60D8CAE3F26F7BEF4F7" blockId="39.[1383,2587,2873,2968]" box="[1456,2075,2874,2924]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE3F60D8CAE3F26F7BEF4F7" box="[1456,2075,2874,2924]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE3F60D8CAE3F26F7BEF4F7" ID-CoL="6FWXY" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[1456,2075,2874,2924]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F60D81553F23F5BEF4F4" box="[2123,2587,2879,2927]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F60D81553F23F5BEF4F4" blockId="39.[1383,2587,2873,2968]" box="[2123,2587,2879,2927]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE3F60D81553F23F5BEF4F4" box="[2123,2587,2879,2927]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE3F60D81553F23F5BEF4F4" ID-CoL="6FWXY" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[2123,2587,2879,2927]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE3F60D81553F23F5BEF4F4" box="[2123,2587,2879,2927]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Epomophorus angolensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F60D8C763F65F6D4F40D" box="[1384,2417,2937,2966]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F60D8C763F65F6D4F40D" blockId="39.[1383,2587,2873,2968]" box="[1384,2417,2937,2966]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFE3F60D8C763F65F6D4F40D" box="[1384,2417,2937,2966]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE3F60D8C763F65FA16F415" bold="true" box="[1384,1459,2937,2958]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE3F60D8CA33F66F932F40B" ID-CoL="6FWXY" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[1469,1687,2938,2960]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Epomophore dAngola</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE3F60D8FB23F60F8A2F40A" bold="true" box="[1708,1799,2940,2961]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE3F60D8E103F61F7B8F409" ID-CoL="6FWXY" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[1806,2077,2941,2962]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Angola-Epaulettenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE3F60D812D3F63F72AF40F" bold="true" box="[2099,2191,2943,2964]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE3F60D81873F9CF6D4F40D" ID-CoL="6FWXY" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[2201,2417,2944,2966]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">
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Epomdforo de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE3F60D80333F9DF6D4F40D" box="[2349,2417,2945,2966]" name="Angola" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Angola</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F60D8ED53FDBF694F390" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F60D8ED53FDBF694F390" blockId="39.[1993,2589,3015,3439]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE3F60D8ED53FDBF7C3F47F" bold="true" box="[1995,2150,3015,3044]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE3F60D816A3FDBF689F390" ID-CoL="4DJF" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epomophorus macrocephalus var. angolensisJ. E. Gray, 1870</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F60D80233FF6F667F390" box="[2365,2498,3050,3083]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F60D80233FF6F667F390" blockId="39.[1993,2589,3015,3439]" box="[2365,2498,3050,3083]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFE3F60D80233FF6F667F390" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391351" box="[2365,2498,3050,3083]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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||
“
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE3F60D80553FF6F615F390" box="[2379,2480,3050,3083]" name="Angola" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Angola</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F60D8ED5380EF5BCF331" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F60D8ED5380EF5BCF331" blockId="39.[1993,2589,3015,3439]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE3F60D8ED5380EF6A1F3A8" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[1995,2308,3090,3123]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">Epomophorus angolensis</taxonomicName>
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is often considered the only member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE3F60D80303826F615F3C0" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1898" box="[2350,2480,3130,3163]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">angolensis</taxonomicName>
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species group, but it is best placed in the gambianusspecies group as it is here. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F60D8ED738ACF7E2F36D" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFE3F60D8ED738ACF7E2F36D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803712/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" startId="39.[1993,2165,3248,3281]" targetBox="[1378,1972,3014,3433]" targetPageId="39">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F60D8ED738ACF7E2F36D" blockId="39.[1993,2589,3015,3439]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE3F60D8ED738ACF7DCF34A" bold="true" box="[1993,2169,3248,3281]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE3F60D81AE38ACF6B0F34A" box="[2224,2325,3248,3281]" name="Angola" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Angola</collectingCountry>
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and extreme NW
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE3F60D8ED438C9F7E1F36D" box="[1994,2116,3285,3318]" name="Namibia" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE3F6028ED738E3FEF7FCF9" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE3F6028ED738E3FEF7FCF9" blockId="39.[1993,2589,3015,3439]" lastBlockId="40.[169,1380,279,1699]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE3F60D8ED738E3F76BF2BB" bold="true" box="[1993,2254,3327,3360]" pageId="39" pageNumber="97">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
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Head-body
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE3F60D808138E3F5BCF2BB" box="[2463,2585,3327,3360]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="158.0">158 mm</quantity>
|
||
(single male) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE3F60D81D13937F625F2D3" box="[2255,2432,3371,3400]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="142.5" valueMax="155.0" valueMin="130.0">130-155 mm</quantity>
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(females), no external tail, ear
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE3F60D81F03952F6EAF2F4" box="[2286,2383,3406,3439]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
(single male) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE3F60D8CBB396FF99CF20A" box="[1445,1593,3443,3473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23-26 mm</quantity>
|
||
(females), hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE3F60D8E76396BF85BF20F" box="[1896,2046,3447,3476]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="25.0">25-26 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE3F60D81903965F687F20C" box="[2190,2338,3449,3479]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" metricValueMax="9.4" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="89.5" valueMax="94.0" valueMin="85.0">85-94 mm</quantity>
|
||
(males) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE3F60280F63960FEA8FEA3" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="98" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="8.1" pageId="39" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="83.5" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="81.0">81— 86 mm</quantity>
|
||
(females); weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFECF6028B05350BFD2FFEA3" box="[539,650,279,312]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" unit="g" value="86.0" valueMax="92.0" valueMin="80.0">80-92 g</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFECF6028B82350BFD7AFEA3" box="[668,735,279,312]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Male</collectingRegion>
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||
Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bats are generally larger than females, with wider rostrum and folded upper lip; some color differences exist between sexes. Muzzle is long and narrow; ears are short and rounded, with anterior and posterior basal ear patches; and eyes are large. Adult males have white epaulettes. Dorsum is pale, light sandy brown to medium reddish brown, sometimes paler on shoulders and darker at bases; pelage is soft, slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally c.
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFECF60289A13618FE8DFDBE" box="[191,296,516,549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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, extending halfway along forearm dorsally and ventrally.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFECF6028D783618FB09FDBE" box="[1126,1196,516,549]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Chin</collectingRegion>
|
||
, throat, and chest are darker reddish brown; venteris lighter. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are light brown and sparsely covered with hairs, attaching to second toes. Skull is flattened, and dorsal profile is very slightly concave; zygomatic width is moderately small but with sturdy arches; rostrum is relatively long and narrow, gradually sloping down anteriorly; sagittal crest is weak; lambdoid crest is relatively well developed; and post-dental palate is noticeably concave. There are six thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental, fourth is closer to third than fifth, and ridges 2—4 not divided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFECF60289B2377AFD5BFBD5" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFECF60289B2377AFD5BFBD5" blockId="40.[169,1380,279,1699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFECF60289B2377AFEBEFC1C" bold="true" box="[172,283,870,903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Drier regions but mainly riverine habitats in the Zambezian Woodland biotic zone, including wetter miombo woodland, undifferentiated woodland,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFECF6028DD93792FE35FC4D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Colophospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Colophospermum (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
mopane woodland, and transition to Bushy Karoo-Namib scrubland from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFECF6028BA837C1FC8CFC65" box="[694,809,989,1022]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFECF6028A7637C1FC6BFC65" box="[872,974,989,1022]" name="Angola" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eastern distribution of the Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is limited by extensive mosaic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFECF6028D5B3018FB47FBBE" box="[1093,1250,1028,1061]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Brachystegia</taxonomicName>
|
||
bakerana (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFECF60289A7302DFE98FBD5" box="[185,317,1073,1102]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) thicket and edaphic grassland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFECF60289B2304FFE9AFB05" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFECF60289B2304FFE9AFB05" blockId="40.[169,1380,279,1699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFECF60289B2304FFE10FBEF" bold="true" box="[172,437,1107,1140]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is presumably frugivorous and nectarivorous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFECF60289B330BEFE87FA8F" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFECF60289B330BEFE87FA8F" blockId="40.[169,1380,279,1699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFECF60289B330BEFE91FB58" bold="true" box="[173,308,1186,1219]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bats had swollen nipples in September—October in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFECF6028B3E30D6FD3FFB70" box="[544,666,1226,1259]" name="Namibia" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, indicating lactation; some had neonates clinging to them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFECF60289B53105FB4FFAFA" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFECF60289B53105FB4FFAFA" blockId="40.[169,1380,279,1699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFECF60289B53105FE38FAA1" bold="true" box="[171,413,1305,1338]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in bare branches oflarge
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFECF60288B53158FD07FAFA" authority="" box="[427,674,1348,1377]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Fabaceae">Acacia (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees, where it was exposed to direct sun.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFECF60289B33174FBFCFA12" box="[173,1113,1384,1417]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFECF60289B33174FBFCFA12" blockId="40.[169,1380,279,1699]" box="[173,1113,1384,1417]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFECF60289B33174FCCFFA12" bold="true" box="[173,874,1384,1417]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFECF60289B03193FCB2F9D4" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFECF60289B03193FCB2F9D4" blockId="40.[169,1380,279,1699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFECF60289B03193FDAEFA2B" bold="true" box="[174,523,1423,1456]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Population of the Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is expected to decline by 20-25% over three generations. Major threats are removal of fruit and roost trees in riverine roosting areas for fuel and perhaps availability of firearms from civil war in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFECF6028D51321AFB13F9BC" box="[1103,1206,1542,1575]" name="Angola" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It occurs in Mupa and Bikauri national parks in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFECF6028BB23232FCB6F9D4" box="[684,787,1582,1615]" name="Angola" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFECF60289B13241FEA7F93A" pageId="40" pageNumber="98" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFECF60289B13241FEA7F93A" blockId="40.[169,1380,279,1699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFECF60289B13241FEEDF9ED" bold="true" box="[175,328,1629,1654]" pageId="40" pageNumber="98">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans (1988), Mildenstein (2016a), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Shortridge (1934), Taylor (2013a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |