233 lines
27 KiB
XML
233 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="5AA45196C3BCEA713718B6745950241E" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFDCF63289A83EBCF626F79A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Casinycteris argynnis Thomas 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="FEF3443839C1A160422237290EBB19A9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D782BB612F30544CC2FB28F20D2EDCDE">
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<mods:title id="B3CB7A62D4298973A5B79AC788629ACA">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DEFBE6DDCA3B15D5CD02EB41CFD976ED" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7DE05B33FB2E1C088DCC6F5F343E9DC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2962BBDA043EE6966A57EDBC15883ACF">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4A3870A8827BFF43429DFDCD8D399523" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="887AC7B3BB4E089E58B36EBBFBA9D7C7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F39394D5EFD3FE9D9DBFCFD4A6BBC30D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="439B0335639C827F55C1C38778520086">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D23E8399881B0CE2E87DAFE0A0B318F0">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="B9B699DDD5A4D198FC90CF55DC68F83E" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="2625ED1AC5283B8CCC4AABB939A51AB5">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="6075C1A16F4117E6C42185003E5E0609">
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<mods:placeTerm id="CC76798771AC3376D7E152E24962D735">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C00D010C6CEC306F3B34C127A9B82304">
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<mods:title id="D39DE9523BBA27D70900C93F4C2236BF">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A889E9A970E8EA7D82ACAAF46485BF81">
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<mods:extent id="1CE28CDBCCAEA46DEE7FA767A14881CB" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E5BA453EC6993D4102A36A9967059647">16</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="178191845B3972CA5ADD912183E22AE0">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="850F26FA8609463398614887542EBA5B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6BF9F7C9890C2A094136092E60282387" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFDCF63289A83EBCF626F79A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448897" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379284" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448897" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFDCF63289A83EBCF626F79A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFDCF63289A83EBCF626F79A" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF63289A83EBCFF4BF555" box="[182,238,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF63289A83EBCFF4BF555" blockId="24.[179,1244,2720,2846]" box="[182,238,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFDCF63289A83EBCFF4BF555" box="[182,238,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFDCF63289A83EBCFF4BF555" box="[182,238,2720,2766]" captionStart="Plate 3: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="23.[116,146,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[13,2758,18,3662]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="32. Zenker’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris zenkeri), 33. Hayman’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris occidentalis), 34. Bergmans’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris bergmansi), 35. Short-palated Fruit Bat (Casinycteris argynnas), 36. Pohle’s Fruit Bat (Casinycteris ophiodon), 37. Campo-Ma’an Fruit Bat (Casinycteris campomaanensis), 38. Lesser Dawn Bat (Eonycteris spelaea), 39. Greater Dawn Bat (Eonycteris major), 40. Philippine Dawn Bat (Eonycteris robusta), 41. Geoffroy’s Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus), 42. Bare-backed Rousette (Rousettus spinalatus), 43. Leschenault’s Rousette (Rousettus leschenaultin), 44. Linduan Rousette (Rousettus linduensis), 45. Sulawesi Rousette (Rousettus celebensis), 46. Egyptian Rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus), 47. Malagasy Rousette (Rousettus madagascariensis), 48. Comoro Rousette (Rousettus obliviosus), 49. Long-haired Fruit Bat (Stenonycteris lanosus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448843/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">35.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF632881E3EBCFD7BF555" box="[256,734,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF632881E3EBCFD7BF555" blockId="24.[179,1244,2720,2846]" box="[256,734,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFDCF632881E3EBCFD7BF555" box="[256,734,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDCF632881E3EBCFD7BF555" ID-CoL="RKKY" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[256,734,2720,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argynnis">Short-palated Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328A3A3EBCFB38F555" box="[804,1181,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328A3A3EBCFB38F555" blockId="24.[179,1244,2720,2846]" box="[804,1181,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFDCF6328A3A3EBCFB38F555" box="[804,1181,2720,2766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328A3A3EBCFB38F555" ID-CoL="RKKY" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[804,1181,2720,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argynnis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328A3A3EBCFB38F555" box="[804,1181,2720,2766]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Casinycteris argynnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF63289AB3EFCFD46F486" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF63289AB3EFCFB7EF56E" blockId="24.[179,1244,2720,2846]" box="[181,1243,2784,2805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFDCF63289AB3EFCFB7EF56E" box="[181,1243,2784,2805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF63289AB3EFCFEA5F56E" bold="true" box="[181,256,2784,2805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDCF63288173EFCFE17F56E" ID-CoL="RKKY" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[265,434,2784,2805]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argynnis">Casinyctére doré</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF63288D83EFCFD84F56E" bold="true" box="[454,545,2784,2805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDCF6328B343EFCFC04F56E" ID-CoL="RKKY" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[554,929,2784,2805]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argynnis">Goldfarbener Kurzschnauzenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328AA83EFCFBB7F56E" bold="true" box="[950,1042,2784,2805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDCF6328D053EFCFB7EF56E" ID-CoL="RKKY" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[1051,1243,2784,2805]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argynnis">Casinicterio dorado</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF63289AA3F14FD46F486" blockId="24.[179,1244,2720,2846]" box="[180,739,2824,2845]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFDCF63289AA3F14FD46F486" box="[180,739,2824,2845]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF63289AA3F14FE09F486" bold="true" box="[180,428,2824,2845]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDCF63288AB3F14FD46F486" ID-CoL="RKKY" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[437,739,2824,2845]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argynnis">Golden Short-palated Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328A053F50FCC0F40B" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328A053F50FCC0F40B" blockId="24.[795,1388,2892,3316]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328A053F50FC13F4F2" bold="true" box="[795,950,2892,2921]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328AD33F50FCC5F40B" ID-CoL="RKKY" authority="Thomas, 1910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argynnis">Casinycteris argynnis Thomas, 1910</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328A693F6FFAA4F423" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328A693F6FFAA4F423" blockId="24.[795,1388,2892,3316]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFDCF6328A693F6FFAA4F423" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391314" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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“Bitye, Ja River, S.E. Kameruns [=
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDCF6328A033F87FC1EF423" box="[797,955,2971,3000]" name="Cameroon" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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]. Alt. 2000’ [=
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328D973F87FB43F423" box="[1161,1254,2971,3000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328A023FA2FB4AF39C" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328A023FA2FB4AF39C" blockId="24.[795,1388,2892,3316]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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Until very recently,
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328D333FA2FB18F444" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[1069,1213,3006,3039]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argynnis">C. argynnis</taxonomicName>
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was the only species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328AB13FFAFBE6F39C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[943,1091,3046,3079]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Casinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Casinycteris</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328A023812FC50F3E5" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFDCF6328A023812FC50F3E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803650/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" startId="24.[796,968,3086,3119]" targetBox="[180,772,2896,3311]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328A023812FC50F3E5" blockId="24.[795,1388,2892,3316]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328A023812FC69F3B4" bold="true" box="[796,972,3086,3119]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDCF6328AED3812FB2FF3B4" box="[1011,1162,3086,3119]" name="Cameroon" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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, SW
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDCF6328DCC3812FC48F3CD" name="Central African Republic" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDCF6328D3E3829FAC1F3CD" box="[1056,1380,3125,3158]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDCF6328A453841FC57F3E5" box="[859,1010,3165,3198]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328A023898F948FBEE" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328A023898F948FBEE" blockId="24.[795,1388,2892,3316]" lastBlockId="24.[1446,2660,277,2053]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328A023898FB80F33E" bold="true" box="[796,1061,3204,3237]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328DE53898FACFF33E" box="[1275,1386,3204,3237]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
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(males) and
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328AC138ACFB2CF356" box="[991,1161,3248,3277]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="70.0">70-100 mm</quantity>
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(females), tailless, ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328A8238CBFB94F36F" box="[924,1073,3287,3316]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15-20 mm</quantity>
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||
, hindfoot
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328DD138CBFAC0F36F" box="[1231,1381,3287,3316]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12-14 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF632882E38E3FE67F287" box="[304,450,3327,3356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="53.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="50.0">50-56 mm</quantity>
|
||
(males) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328B6238E3FCA9F287" box="[636,780,3327,3356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="59.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="56.0">56-62 mm</quantity>
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||
(females); weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328D0F38E3FBECF287" box="[1041,1097,3327,3356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="g" value="29.0">29 g</quantity>
|
||
(males) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328C1C38E3FAC9F287" box="[1282,1388,3327,3356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="g" value="32.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="24.0">24-41 g</quantity>
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||
(females). Females are larger than males. The Short-palated Fruit Bat is brown, with conspicuous face markings consisting of white patch on forehead (in between eyes), white posterior eyespots, partly white lips (posterior part), and white cheeks. Head is dog-like; eyes are relatively large: eyelids have yellow to orange skin; ears are yellowish and relatively long, with whitish anterior basal ear patches that are sometimes indistinct; nostrils and anterior part oflips are yellowish; and lips and cheeks are expansible. There are no epaulettes on adult males. Males and females are similar in color, with medium sepia-brown to russet dorsum (slightly darker in juveniles); hairs have dark brown bases and medium brown tips; neck is slightly lighter; and pelage is woolly and mid-dorsally
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328FBD361EF8B3FDB8" box="[1699,1814,514,547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (intermixed with hairs up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328006361EF617FDB8" box="[2328,2482,514,547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13-14 mm</quantity>
|
||
), extending halfway up forearms, both above and below. Venter is medium brown at flanks, becoming paler grayish white on throat, neck, and mid-venter; mid-ventral hairs are
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF63280F03649F5F8FDE9" box="[2542,2653,597,626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Wings are brown, with orange-brown or yellowish brown areas and darker reticulations (suggesting it relies on camouflage when roosting in open foliage; these patches generally fade in museum specimens) and attach to first toes; finger joints are yellowish; and thumbs are long. Skull is short, and rostrum and bony palate are remarkably short; profile of forehead is strongly concave; braincase is domed; premaxillae are relatively well developed; zygomatic width is large, and arches are relatively strong; there is almost no post-dental palate; and there are 3-4 thick and one thin (sometimes divided) serrated palatal ridges, all of which are interdental, and 13-16 thin, serrated, packed, irregular post-dental ridges. Dental formula for all species of Casinycterisis12/2,C1/1,P 2/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 28. Upperincisorsare relatively short; C! is tall and curved backward, with inner edges generally smooth but exceptionally looking serrated due to wear; and premolars and molars are subcircular, with welldeveloped inner cusps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328CB53066F854FB70" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328CB53066F854FB70" blockId="24.[1446,2660,277,2053]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328CB53066F9BFFB00" bold="true" box="[1451,1562,1146,1179]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Wetter and drier types of lowland Rainforest and Southern Rainforest Savanna biotic zones, swamp forests and mosaics of swamp and riverine forests, and secondary grasslands at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDCF6328E4C30D6F848FB70" box="[1874,2029,1226,1259]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.415" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="3.3299999999999996" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="541.5" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="333.0">333-750 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328CB530ECF9F2F9B3" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328CB530ECF9F2F9B3" blockId="24.[1446,2660,277,2053]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328CB530ECF916FA8A" bold="true" box="[1451,1715,1264,1297]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Kisangani area (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDCF632811A30ECF705FA8A" box="[2052,2208,1264,1297]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
), diet during dry season (June-August) contained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328FA63104F8D6FAA2" box="[1720,1907,1304,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leprieurii">Ficus leprieurii</taxonomicName>
|
||
fruits (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328EC83104F7CDFAA2" box="[2006,2152,1304,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). During the second heavy rainy season (March-May), this fig was one-quarter of the diet, I. wildemaniana formed almost two-thirds of the diet, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328E05317BF6C4FA13" box="[1819,2401,1383,1416]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pseudospondias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">Pseudospondias microcarpa (Anacardiaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
made up the rest. During other times of year, otherfruits were consumed:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF63281A43192F5FEFA34" box="[2234,2651,1422,1455]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Dacryodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328CB131AAF9A4FA4C" box="[1455,1537,1462,1495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" genus="Carica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carica</taxonomicName>
|
||
papaya (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328F6031AAF8BBFA4C" box="[1662,1822,1462,1495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caricaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), IF vallis-choudae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF632813C31AAF724FA4C" box="[2082,2177,1462,1495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Uapaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
guineensis (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF632803A31AAF5A4FA4C" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[2340,2561,1462,1495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF632830031AAFA47FA64" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Spondias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spondias</taxonomicName>
|
||
cytherea (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328F7831FEF899FA64" box="[1638,1852,1506,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328E8431FEF7B0FA64" box="[1946,2069,1506,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Musanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Musanga</taxonomicName>
|
||
cecropioides and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF63281E331FEF636FA64" box="[2301,2451,1506,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Myrianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrianthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
arboreus (both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDCF6328CB33217F9EFF9B3" box="[1453,1610,1547,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328CB23230F661F906" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328CB23230F661F906" blockId="24.[1446,2660,277,2053]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328CB23230F996F9D6" bold="true" box="[1452,1587,1580,1613]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female Short-palated Fruit Bats have one young per pregnancy. Pregnant and lactating females were collected in January-February, but one pregnant female was captured in April. Young were recorded in January-February and May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328CB532B8F823F95E" box="[1451,1926,1700,1733]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328CB532B8F823F95E" blockId="24.[1446,2660,277,2053]" box="[1451,1926,1700,1733]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328CB532B8F932F95E" bold="true" box="[1451,1687,1700,1733]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328CB332D6F747F888" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328CB332D6F747F888" blockId="24.[1446,2660,277,2053]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328CB332D6F7D4F970" bold="true" box="[1453,2161,1738,1771]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Short-palated Fruit Bat roosts alone; one female was collected in dense foliage of a bush.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328CB03305F5E0F82B" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328CB03305F5E0F82B" blockId="24.[1446,2660,277,2053]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328CB03305F8AFF8A1" bold="true" box="[1454,1802,1817,1850]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Shortpalated Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and apparently large population;it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to be listed in a higher category. Important threats are deforestation, persecution as a pest of cultivated fruits, and overharvesting for food.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDCF6328CB133DCF626F79A" pageId="24" pageNumber="82" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDCF6328CB133DCF626F79A" blockId="24.[1446,2660,277,2053]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDCF6328CB133DCF9EDF842" bold="true" box="[1455,1608,1984,2009]" pageId="24" pageNumber="82">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (1991), Gembu Tungaluna (2012), Happold, M. (2013a), Meirte (1983), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Van Cakenberghe et al. (2017), Webala et al. (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |