223 lines
26 KiB
XML
223 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="7F67CE9FFF63D926C25D1A963E931AE0" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFA2F64D8CB5334BFBBFFBBF" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus niger Kerr 1792" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="F7706089E7A60EDACEEC8D8CCB1F118B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2A8787477A6151D5470E5DB459AA65A0">
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<mods:title id="D0C4DB70529204874D4E19DBB8B103ED">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AE7B423E459210A44CEB72B4B0B9F8D0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5CD4046903E8961A9FAC72EC2C7386BE">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FA680E0691187D515A3E4E0E635C51FE">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5B3B628A9CF400B50F7AE667B121A69B">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="120A9E4BDCB010E6F33C8E37CC7CA52E" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="46C83FA8FB6BE8A965D8E8B460A4AB2D">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="FBD083B42DC77E1A50D4873355B5D028">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AE9BCFFEE3D761D10CF3C9A01B804724">
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<mods:title id="B0B318683680EBBF2A8B8B93B877CE68">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="C3BD97482B39EDF1EBAE5288ED567EEB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFA2F64D8CB5334BFBBFFBBF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6449072" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379406" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6449072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFA2F64D8CB5334BFBBFFBBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFA2F64D8CB5334BFBBFFBBF" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB5334BFA5EF81E" box="[1451,1531,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB5334BFA5EF81E" blockId="102.[1447,2643,1879,2006]" box="[1451,1531,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C8CB5334BFA5EF81E" box="[1451,1531,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFA2F64C8CB5334BFA5EF81E" box="[1451,1531,1879,1925]" captionStart="Plate 11: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="97.[117,147,3321,3346]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="174. Livingstone’s Flying Fox (Pteropus livingstonii), 175. Pemba Flying Fox (Pleropus voeltzkowi), 176. Ryukyu Flying Fox (Pleropus dasymallus), 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon), 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pleropus pumilus), 179. Lyle’s Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei), 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pleropus medius), 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensus), 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus), 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pleropus aldabrensis), 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus), 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pleropus seychellensis), 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus niger), 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis), 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pleropus keyensis), 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pleropus melanopogon), 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus), 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448911/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">186.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8F13334BF725F81E" box="[1549,2176,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8F13334BF725F81E" blockId="102.[1447,2643,1879,2006]" box="[1549,2176,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C8F13334BF725F81E" box="[1549,2176,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C8F13334BF725F81E" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[1549,2176,1879,1925]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Greater Mascarene Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C81DD334BF665F81E" box="[2243,2496,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C81DD334BF665F81E" blockId="102.[1447,2643,1879,2006]" box="[2243,2496,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C81DD334BF665F81E" box="[2243,2496,1879,1925]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C81DD334BF665F81E" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[2243,2496,1879,1925]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C81DD334BF665F81E" box="[2243,2496,1879,1925]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Pteropus niger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB6338BF5BDF848" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB6338BF5F6F837" blockId="102.[1447,2643,1879,2006]" box="[1448,2643,1943,1964]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C8CB6338BF5F6F837" box="[1448,2643,1943,1964]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB6338BFA56F837" bold="true" box="[1448,1523,1943,1964]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C8CE2338BF8BFF837" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[1532,1818,1943,1964]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Roussette des Mascareignes</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8E33338BF823F837" bold="true" box="[1837,1926,1943,1964]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C8E8E338BF7CFF837" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[1936,2154,1943,1964]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Maskarenen-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8161338BF77CF837" bold="true" box="[2175,2265,1943,1964]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C81FF338BF5F6F837" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[2273,2643,1943,1964]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Zorro volador de las Islas Mascarenas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB933A2F5BDF848" blockId="102.[1447,2643,1879,2006]" box="[1447,2584,1982,2003]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C8CB933A2F5BDF848" box="[1447,2584,1982,2003]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB933A2F93AF848" bold="true" box="[1447,1695,1982,2003]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C8FB733A2F837F848" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[1705,1938,1982,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Black-spined Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C8EBF33A2F7DEF848" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[1953,2171,1982,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Black-Spined Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C819433A2F6F6F848" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[2186,2387,1982,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Mauritian Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C807F33A2F5BDF848" ID-CoL="4Q336" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[2401,2584,1982,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C807F33A2F618F848" box="[2401,2493,1982,2003]" name="Mauritius" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C81123C19F7F2F7D2" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C81123C19F7F2F7D2" blockId="102.[2060,2654,2053,2472]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C81123C19F70DF7B9" bold="true" box="[2060,2216,2053,2082]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C81A33C19F7F7F7D2" ID-CoL="5LR86" authority="Kerr, 1792" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vampirus" subSpecies="niger">Vespertilio vampirus niger Kerr, 1792</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C81743C2CF746F7EA" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C81743C2CF746F7EA" blockId="102.[2060,2654,2053,2472]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFA2F64C81743C2CF746F7EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391381" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C81743C2CF6DAF7D2" box="[2154,2431,2096,2121]" name="La Reunion Island" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">La Réunion Island</collectingCountry>
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, Mascarene Islands (
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C81733C48F770F7EA" box="[2157,2261,2132,2161]" name="France" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">France</collectingCountry>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C81133C67F70FF724" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C81133C67F70FF724" blockId="102.[2060,2654,2053,2472]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C81133C67F769F703" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[2061,2252,2171,2200]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Pteropus niger</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C806D3C67F64BF703" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2419,2542,2171,2200]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vampyrus">vampyrus</taxonomicName>
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group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C81123CD6F593F77C" box="[2060,2614,2250,2279]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFA2F64C81123CD6F593F77C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6884954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6884954" box="[2060,2614,2250,2279]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6884954/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" startId="102.[2060,2232,2250,2279]" targetBox="[1446,2036,2062,2475]" targetPageId="102">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C81123CD6F593F77C" blockId="102.[2060,2654,2053,2472]" box="[2060,2614,2250,2279]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C81123CD6F718F77C" bold="true" box="[2060,2237,2250,2279]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C81D73CD6F6EBF77C" box="[2249,2382,2250,2279]" name="Mauritius" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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||
and
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C80893CD6F5B5F77C" box="[2455,2576,2250,2279]" name="Réunion" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Réunion</collectingCountry>
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Is.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C81123CF1F6D5F44F" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C81123CF1F6D5F44F" blockId="102.[2060,2654,2053,2472]" lastBlockId="102.[1447,2655,2482,3462]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C81123CF1F6B7F695" bold="true" box="[2060,2322,2285,2318]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C80FF3CF1F5F9F695" box="[2529,2652,2285,2318]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="230.0">230 mm</quantity>
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||
(tailless), ear
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C81C33D05F6E2F6AD" box="[2269,2375,2329,2358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
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, mindfoot
|
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C80F23D05F5F2F6AD" box="[2540,2647,2329,2358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C818F3D5CF6EFF6C6" box="[2193,2378,2368,2397]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.71" metricValueMin="1.59" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="165.0" valueMax="171.0" valueMin="159.0">159-171 mm</quantity>
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||
(males) and
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C83033D5CF728F61E" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="152.5" valueMax="162.0" valueMin="143.0">143- 162 mm</quantity>
|
||
(females); weight 380-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C831E3D74F5F8F61E" box="[2560,2653,2408,2437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.4" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="340.0">340 g</quantity>
|
||
(males). Males are on average larger than females. Snout of the Greater Mascarene Flying Fox is blackish; head is yellowish or yellowish brown and dark russet-brown on top; eyes are large, with brown irises; and ears are small, pointed, and almost hidden in fur, with outer margin clearly concave and without conspicuous basal ear patches. Males and females are similar in color; sides of back and rump are buffy, contrasting with dark russet-brown of mantle and densely furred with 30-35-mm dark brown mid-back area (spinal track); anterior part of mantle is tinted with chestnut, lightening to dark cinnamon-rufous on occiput; middorsal hairs are
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8F893ED7F959F573" box="[1687,1788,2763,2792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; hairs of mantle are ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C81863ED7F6A6F573" box="[2200,2307,2763,2792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
; short, dense fur above extends about one-third along forearm. Tibia is thickly haired above. Venter is dark reddish brown, darker on throat; hairs on middle of abdomen are ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C80643F06F647F4AC" box="[2426,2530,2842,2871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
; anal region is buffy or ocherous bufty; and humerus, proximal part of forearm, and tibia are densely furred in the same color. Wings are blackish brown; uropatagium is narrow, with central part hidden by fur; underside is furred from outer side of forearm to line connecting elbow with knee. Skull and dentition is typical pteropine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB63FC7F676F467" box="[1448,2515,3035,3068]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB63FC7F676F467" blockId="102.[1447,2655,2482,3462]" box="[1448,2515,3035,3068]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB63FC7F9BDF467" bold="true" box="[1448,1560,3035,3068]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Forested areas, primarily in mountain ranges with restricted access.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB6381AF8F5F3E9" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB6381AF8F5F3E9" blockId="102.[1447,2655,2482,3462]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB6381AF909F3B8" bold="true" box="[1448,1708,3078,3107]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Mascarene Flying Fox is primarily frugivorous but also eats leaves and blossoms from 18 plant species. It feeds on fruits or flowers from at least 31 plant genera in 26 families.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB73864F9AAF2AC" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB73864F9AAF2AC" blockId="102.[1447,2655,2482,3462]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB73864F98AF302" bold="true" box="[1449,1583,3192,3225]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Litter size of the Greater Mascarene Flying Fox is one, exceptionally two. Mating starts in April-May, and births occur in August-December (peak in October) after gestation of 4:6-6-3 months when commercial plants (e.g. mango and litchi) are fruiting. Mating couples generally copulate well out of sight from main roosting groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64D8CB93921FBAFFE36" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64D8CB93921FBAFFE36" blockId="102.[1447,2655,2482,3462]" lastBlockId="103.[111,1323,278,1065]" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB93921F931F2C5" bold="true" box="[1447,1684,3389,3422]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Mascarene Flying Fox is primarily nocturnal, but some individuals forage during the day. After foraging, they return to the same roost they departed from or to a new one. During dry season (August-December), roosts in northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA3F64D89F93521FEC9FEC5" box="[231,364,317,350]" name="Mauritius" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
are more frequently used. Roosts are found in native tall trees (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA3F64D8DE43521FE8FFE1D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Labourdonnaisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Labourdonnaisia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA3F64D88243579FE7DFE1D" box="[314,472,357,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or exotic tall trees such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA3F64D8A7C3579FB06FE1D" box="[866,1187,357,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA3F64D8DA93579FEEBFE36" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tabebuia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tabebuia (Bignoniaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA3F64D8840358CFD6BFE36" box="[350,718,400,429]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Araucaria (Araucariaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA3F64D8A18358CFBA2FE36" box="[774,1031,400,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Albizia (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA3F64D896E35A8FE78FDE9" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA3F64D896E35A8FE78FDE9" blockId="103.[111,1323,278,1065]" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA3F64D896E35A8FC82FE4E" bold="true" box="[112,807,436,469]" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Greater Mascarene Flying Foxes will travel up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA3F64D880135C7FED3FE67" box="[287,374,475,508]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" unit="km" value="92.0">92 km</quantity>
|
||
to forage in different habitats, including orchards. Population on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA3F64D896F361EFF4FFDB8" box="[113,234,514,547]" name="Réunion" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
of only c.40 individuals resulted from recent wind-driven immigration from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA3F64D896F3632FF53FDD0" box="[113,246,558,587]" name="Mauritius" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
or a release from a captive colony following closing of Parc Zoologique de Saint Denis in 2006/2007.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA3F64D896E3665FAA8FC4E" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA3F64D896E3665FAA8FC4E" blockId="103.[111,1323,278,1065]" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA3F64D896E3665FE75FD01" bold="true" box="[112,464,633,666]" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The [UCN Red List. Population of the Greater Mascarene Flying Fox declined more than 50% in the last few years to a current estimate of ¢.37,000 individuals chiefly due to a governmentimplemented culling in 2015 and 2016 (30,938 and 7350 bats killed, respectively). Illegal hunting and accidental deaths from collisions with powerlines (6000 bats in 2016) are also threats. Habitat loss, increased risks of major cyclones, and introduction of competing alien animals such as Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) affect its current status. It occurs in Black River Gorges National Park, butthis did not protect them from culling. It recolonized
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA3F64D8B4E37A8FD6CFC4E" box="[592,713,948,981]" name="Réunion" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
after being extirpated for over a century.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA3F64D896E37F8FBBFFBBF" pageId="103" pageNumber="161" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA3F64D896E37F8FBBFFBBF" blockId="103.[111,1323,278,1065]" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA3F64D896E37F8FEACFC66" bold="true" box="[112,265,996,1021]" pageId="103" pageNumber="161">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aimeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (1991), Caceres (2011), Cheke & Dahl (1981), Florens et al. (2017), Kingston et al. (2018), Nyhagen et al. (2005), Oleksy et al. (2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |