249 lines
29 KiB
XML
249 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="A331D582D96FF5FA59E8B1DA7E456339" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFA0F64E89B53DEBFA4EF666" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus rodricensis Dobson 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="158" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="4F07A9924A9E96DE2BD3E2E49DB98E91" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B39DFB801C6A847924D7041B19E6D92E">
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<mods:title id="DB2A7D1A3DA6F631997CD294B6F1BCE7">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="92492F3ABAFC1B01510E3BC178639F0D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F7033C8A97A9873C80289D64731692CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0D83D9F32C61AEE497010426C6674008">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="355B0DE4DB7D2D8923321E93CB8D6E1B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="14668AC713AB8E2CF18EAB56D7B111D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1870A1ABA3BC4EE1C2289350FB44D164">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0DC3E9BC987F29E0EEB7934687ED7E36">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="FD3AD24B917EF10552295481DF91B228" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="BFF3929B717E847D29F0B4E083EAC947">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="C9C12E5700513F58D38227326561D7DD">
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<mods:placeTerm id="368104704C723D2241769E5E8FE3A518">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9925DF656F1A4082FD377940AF37345E">
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<mods:title id="B30B5DB137AA2BE167958297A0108A1C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E275D48E6D2559E6D34AD0E7B582CC87">
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<mods:start id="2F8A6D22F7C132A2383EA2652BA6C991">16</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="8EEF87ACAB3794D47733DA862DC66719">162</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="C7E7FBB87002FE57491EE41366484432">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1A886852C4084F2A02A41ED4A95C562F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6782DE92B4C7A3F1C085B7DD56F8F767" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFA0F64E89B53DEBFA4EF666" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6784780" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6784780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFA0F64E89B53DEBFA4EF666" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFA0F64E89B53DEBFA4EF666" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E89B53DEBFF5EF5BE" box="[171,251,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E89B53DEBFF5EF5BE" blockId="100.[167,1176,2551,2680]" box="[171,251,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA0F64E89B53DEBFF5EF5BE" box="[171,251,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFA0F64E89B53DEBFF5EF5BE" box="[171,251,2551,2597]" captionStart="Plate 11: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="97.[117,147,3321,3346]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="174. Livingstone’s Flying Fox (Pteropus livingstonii), 175. Pemba Flying Fox (Pleropus voeltzkowi), 176. Ryukyu Flying Fox (Pleropus dasymallus), 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon), 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pleropus pumilus), 179. Lyle’s Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei), 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pleropus medius), 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensus), 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus), 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pleropus aldabrensis), 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus), 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pleropus seychellensis), 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus niger), 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis), 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pleropus keyensis), 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pleropus melanopogon), 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus), 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448911/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">181.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E88123DEBFD62F5BE" box="[268,711,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E88123DEBFD62F5BE" blockId="100.[167,1176,2551,2680]" box="[268,711,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA0F64E88123DEBFD62F5BE" box="[268,711,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA0F64E88123DEBFD62F5BE" ID-CoL="4Q33N" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[268,711,2551,2597]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E88123DEBFE44F5BE" box="[268,481,2551,2597]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
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Flying Fox
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8A153DEBFBCCF5BE" box="[779,1129,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8A153DEBFBCCF5BE" blockId="100.[167,1176,2551,2680]" box="[779,1129,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFA0F64E8A153DEBFBCCF5BE" box="[779,1129,2551,2597]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8A153DEBFBCCF5BE" ID-CoL="4Q33N" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[779,1129,2551,2597]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8A153DEBFBCCF5BE" box="[779,1129,2551,2597]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Pteropus rodricensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E89B63E2AFCC9F5E8" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E89B63E2AFB32F5D0" blockId="100.[167,1176,2551,2680]" box="[168,1175,2614,2635]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA0F64E89B63E2AFB32F5D0" box="[168,1175,2614,2635]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E89B63E2AFF51F5D0" bold="true" box="[168,244,2614,2635]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA0F64E89E03E2AFE48F5D0" ID-CoL="4Q33N" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[254,493,2614,2635]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">
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Roussette de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E88943E2AFE48F5D0" box="[394,493,2614,2635]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8B1D3E2AFDF8F5D0" bold="true" box="[515,605,2614,2635]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA0F64E8B793E2AFC8BF5D0" ID-CoL="4Q33N" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[615,814,2614,2635]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">Rodrigues-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8A5A3E2AFC3AF5D0" bold="true" box="[836,927,2614,2635]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA0F64E8AB63E2AFB32F5D0" ID-CoL="4Q33N" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[936,1175,2614,2635]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">
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Zorro volador
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8D2A3E2AFB32F5D0" box="[1076,1175,2614,2635]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E89B63E42FCC9F5E8" blockId="100.[167,1176,2551,2680]" box="[168,876,2654,2675]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA0F64E89B63E42FCC9F5E8" box="[168,876,2654,2675]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E89B63E42FE3AF5E8" bold="true" box="[168,415,2654,2675]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA0F64E88B73E42FD05F5E8" ID-CoL="4Q33N" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[425,672,2654,2675]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">
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Golden Bat of
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8B253E42FD05F5E8" box="[571,672,2654,2675]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA0F64E8BB03E42FCC9F5E8" ID-CoL="4Q33N" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[686,876,2654,2675]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8BB03E42FCB4F5E8" box="[686,785,2654,2675]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
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Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8A133EBCFCF2F572" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8A133EBCFCF2F572" blockId="100.[781,1374,2720,3148]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8A133EBCFC0DF55A" bold="true" box="[781,936,2720,2753]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8ADB3EBCFCF7F572" ID-CoL="4Q33N" authority="Dobson, 1878" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">Pteropus rodricensis Dobson, 1878</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8A723ED0FCD1F48B" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8A723ED0FCD1F48B" blockId="100.[781,1374,2720,3148]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFA0F64E8A723ED0FCD1F48B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391477" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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“Island of
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8D113ED0FB33F572" box="[1039,1174,2764,2793]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
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,” Mascarene Islands.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8A103F0BFB3DF41C" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8A103F0BFB3DF41C" blockId="100.[781,1374,2720,3148]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8A103F0BFBAEF4A3" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[782,1035,2839,2872]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">Pteropus rodricensis</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8DBE3F0BFABEF4A3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1184,1307,2839,2872]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vampyrus">vampyrus</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8AA33F5EFB8DF4C4" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[957,1064,2882,2911]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
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mascarinus is considered a synonym. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8A133F91FB00F466" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFA0F64E8A133F91FB00F466" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803135" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803135/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" startId="100.[781,953,2957,2990]" targetBox="[165,758,2735,3150]" targetPageId="100">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8A133F91FB00F466" blockId="100.[781,1374,2720,3148]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8A133F91FC18F435" bold="true" box="[781,957,2957,2990]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8AC73F91FBCDF435" box="[985,1128,2957,2990]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E8D9F3F91FB1AF435" box="[1153,1215,2957,2990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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||
the Mascarenes. Specimen from Round I might be a vagrant from
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||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8D0E3FFCFB04F466" box="[1040,1185,3040,3069]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
..
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8A133818F985FDF6" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8A133818F985FDF6" blockId="100.[781,1374,2720,3148]" lastBlockId="100.[1442,2655,272,2559]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8A133818FB82F3BE" bold="true" box="[781,1063,3076,3109]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E8C033818FC20F3D7" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="175.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="150.0">150- 200 mm</quantity>
|
||
(tailless), ear
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E8D7C3833FB58F3D7" box="[1122,1277,3119,3148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="21.0">21-22 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E89F0384BFE23F3EF" box="[238,390,3159,3188]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="39.0">39-43 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 121:2-125-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E8BAC384BFCA2F3EF" box="[690,775,3159,3188]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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||
(males) and 123-3-128-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E8D74384BFB1AF3EF" box="[1130,1215,3159,3188]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(females); weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E880C3866FEFAF300" box="[274,351,3194,3227]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.78" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="g" value="278.0">278 g</quantity>
|
||
(mean). Muzzle of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8BDE3866FCF5F300" box="[704,848,3194,3227]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox is short and narrow; rhinarium is black, with short tubular nostrils and median furrow. Eyes are small and close to each other, with brown irises. Ears are very short, almost concealed in fur, wide at base, and pointed. Pelage is highly variable in shades of brown. Fur is long and silky; concealed bases of hairs are dark brown. Head is brown, sometimes with lighter patch on forehead. Mantle is not sharply defined from crown; fur is very long, rich orange ocherous, fading into cream buff posteriorly. Back contrasts with mantle; fur is dark brown or blackish, sometimes conspicuously frosted, and directed backward. Tibia is dark and furred. Chest is ocherous brown, belly is brown and frosted, and anal region is lighter. Genitals are black, concealed in fur. Uropatagium is reduced; calcar 1s small. Wing membranes are black and originate from sides of body, slightly above medial plane. Skull is typical pteropine, moderately robust with relatively short, narrow rostrum, small orbits, low sagittal crest, and rather thick mandible. Palatal ridge pattern is 5 + 5 + 3. I and M, are reduced; P' is early deciduous. Canine cingula and posterior basal ledges on premolars and molars are strong; canines are longer in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8CBA366FF84CFD78" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8CBA366FF84CFD78" blockId="100.[1442,2655,272,2559]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8CBA366FF9B6FD0F" bold="true" box="[1444,1555,627,660]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary and secondary forests from sea level up to elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E80DE366FF5BCFD0F" box="[2496,2585,627,660]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
, the highest point on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8F893687F88DFD27" box="[1687,1832,667,700]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8E643687F7ADFD27" box="[1914,2056,667,700]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox can colonize landscapes dominated by introduced plants in rural areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8CBA36F5F9E0FC4A" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8CBA36F5F9E0FC4A" blockId="100.[1442,2655,272,2559]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8CBA36F5F90FFC91" bold="true" box="[1444,1706,745,778]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8FE636F5F822FC91" box="[1784,1927,745,778]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox eats fruits of native and introduced species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8F9E370DF867FCA9" box="[1664,1986,785,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tamarindus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tamarindus (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8ECD370DF751FCA9" box="[2003,2292,785,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eugenia (Myrtaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8019370DFA76FCC1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mangifera (Anacardiaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8CFD3721F8EDFCC1" box="[1507,1864,829,858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus (Pandanaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8E463721F87BFCC1" authorityName="J.Gaertner" authorityYear="1791" box="[1880,2014,829,858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Hyophorbe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hyophorbe</taxonomicName>
|
||
and possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E81873721F6A7FCC1" authorityName="Commerson ex A.L.Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[2201,2306,829,858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Latania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Latania</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E807F3721F65CFCC1" box="[2401,2553,829,858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Pyrosria (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8CFB3778F9DBFC1A" box="[1509,1662,868,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E8F853778F7B0FC1A" box="[1691,2069,868,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Terminalia (Combretaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA0F64E817E3778F6F4FC1A" box="[2144,2385,868,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus (Moraceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It also eats flowers and young leaves. It might be a key pollinator and seed disperser. It also catches and eats insects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8CBA37CAF5B7FA90" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8CBA37CAF5B7FA90" blockId="100.[1442,2655,272,2559]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8CBA37CAF98EFC6C" bold="true" box="[1444,1579,982,1015]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8F6237CAF8AFFC6C" box="[1660,1802,982,1015]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox is seasonally monoestrous and polygynous; mating occurs between dominant males and their harem females. Gestation lasts ¢.198 days. Young are born furred with opened eyes; they remain attached to their mothers for ¢.30 days and then are left behind in roosts when mothers forage. Females are seen with dependent young from late August through early February. Flight begins at 60-90 days old. Weaning normally occurs at 10-11 weeks old. Young remain with mothers for c.1 year. Maximum longevity was 28 years in captivity. Population growth rate is 12-15% /year. Genetic variability is preserved in natural and captive populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8CBD310EF701FA19" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8CBD310EF701FA19" blockId="100.[1442,2655,272,2559]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8CBD310EF934FAA8" bold="true" box="[1443,1681,1298,1331]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8FF8310EF8D1FAA8" box="[1766,1908,1298,1331]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox is nocturnal. There are intense interactions in day roosts. They fly to defended feeding territories and visit feeding areas at dusk, returning before dawn. They roost in large trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8CBA3194F8F6F925" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8CBA3194F8F6F925" blockId="100.[1442,2655,272,2559]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8CBA3194F7FFFA32" bold="true" box="[1444,2138,1416,1449]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E81BA3194F696FA32" box="[2212,2355,1416,1449]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox is gregarious and roosts colonially. Nine major roosts are known, which are considered permanent. Several more recently established roosts exist, likely in recovered forest areas. There are three types of associations in roosts: harems with one adult male and up to eight females, groups of subadults of both sexes, and individuals roosting alone, most often males. Harem females defend their roosting areas. At night, individuals regroup differently and fly to feeding territories. Adult males defend feeding territories to which females are admitted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8CBB32D8F8D7F61E" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8CBB32D8F8D7F61E" blockId="100.[1442,2655,272,2559]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8CBB32D8F8A0F97E" bold="true" box="[1445,1797,1732,1765]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The [UCN Red List. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA0F64E8F7432F0F95CF896" box="[1642,1785,1772,1805]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox occurs in a single location, and its extent of occurrence and area of occupancy are small (both less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA0F64E81C73308F6E1F8AE" box="[2265,2372,1812,1845]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
|
||
?). It was historically abundant, but it declined during the 20" century due to deforestation, hunting, and impact of cyclones with mortalities above 50% after cyclones. Population crashed in the late 1970s after cyclones hit the island, reducing the total population to ¢.70 individuals. The population rebounded, but with great fluctuations, to ¢.20,000 bats in 2016. It is protected from hunting, and deforestation is limited; however, it remains highly vulnerable to cyclones. Human-wildlife conflict exists given its tendency to use cultivated fruits. It is protected by the Native Terrestrial Biodiversity and National Parks Act of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA0F64E8F803C4CF87DF7EA" box="[1694,2008,2128,2161]" name="Mauritius" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Republic of Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
of 2015. Currently, a systematic monitoring scheme is in place. Up to 80% of the population occurs in protected areas. It is subject to educational programs, it is included in international legislation, and its management and trade are controlled internationally. An ex-situ captive breeding program initiated in 1974 by the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust in cooperation with the Government of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA0F64E8F553D09F975F6AD" box="[1611,1744,2325,2358]" name="Mauritius" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
today includes colonies established in 46 zoos around the World. No reintroduction to its native land has taken place. Habitat restoration is the main conservation action needed now.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA0F64E8CB83D88FA4EF666" pageId="100" pageNumber="158" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA0F64E8CB83D88FA4EF666" blockId="100.[1442,2655,272,2559]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA0F64E8CB83D88F99BF636" bold="true" box="[1446,1598,2452,2477]" pageId="100" pageNumber="158">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (1991), Courts (1997), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), O'Brien, Mariani et al. (2009), O'Brien, McCracken et al. (2007), Szekely et al. (2015), Tatayah et al. (2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |