247 lines
28 KiB
XML
247 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="0438418AF9B3E94E712987F3253E4BD4" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF9FF6768C71319BFAFBFEC4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus vetula Jouan 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="E2B64D7480BAEEEF67FA973CD92E2874" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8886262A76EFE65C0FD222A2F697FDFB">
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<mods:title id="054DD38124CA699BD9DAD6BDC6B7C910">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89D9C2EC146E5F3E62E317B536C709EC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="913978082F15B6E832B2E2683C8D824C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="638E70CA5B8E06F13ED97E5B7756669B">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:title id="F7724963116CE829A1BD700CE0891A84">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF9FF6768C71319BFAFBFEC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794752" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794752" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF9FF6768C71319BFAFBFEC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF9FF6768C71319BFAFBFEC4" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C71319BFA1BFA2E" box="[1391,1470,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C71319BFA1BFA2E" blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[1391,1470,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF6718C71319BFA1BFA2E" box="[1391,1470,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF9FF6718C71319BFA1BFA2E" box="[1391,1470,1415,1461]" captionStart="Plate 10: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="91.[102,132,3363,3388]" captionTargetBox="[12,2743,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="161. New Britain Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus capistratus), 162. New Ireland Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus ennisae), 163. New Caledonia Flying Fox (Pteropus vetula), 164. Common Samoan Flying Fox (Pteropus samoensis), 165. Banks Flying Fox (Pteropus fundatus), 166. Vanuatu Flying Fox (Pleropus anetianus), 167. Vanikoro Flying Fox (Pleropus tuberculatus), 168. Temotu Flying Fox (Pteropus nitendiensis), 169. Solomons Flying Fox (Pteropus rayneri), 170. Makira Flying Fox (Pteropus cognatus), 171. Rennell Flying Fox (Pteropus rennelli), 172. Temminck’s Flying Fox (Pteropus temminckui), 173. Gray-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448901/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">163.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718CD1319BF851FA2E" box="[1487,2036,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718CD1319BF851FA2E" blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[1487,2036,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF6718CD1319BF851FA2E" box="[1487,2036,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF6718CD1319BF851FA2E" ID-CoL="4Q34D" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[1487,2036,1415,1461]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF6718CD1319BF8ABFA2E" box="[1487,1806,1415,1461]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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Flying Fox
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718129319BF6E2FA2E" box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718129319BF6E2FA2E" blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF6718129319BF6E2FA2E" box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718129319BF6E2FA2E" ID-CoL="4Q34D" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718129319BF6E2FA2E" box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Pteropus vetula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C7231DBF8D9F999" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7231DBF5B3FA47" blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[1388,2582,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF6718C7231DBF5B3FA47" box="[1388,2582,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7231DBFA11FA47" bold="true" box="[1388,1460,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF6718CA331DBF959FA47" ID-CoL="4Q34D" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[1469,1788,1479,1500]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">
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Roussette de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF6718F5A31DBF959FA47" box="[1604,1788,1479,1500]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Nouvelle-Calédonie</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718E1131DBF8C2FA47" bold="true" box="[1807,1895,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF6718E6E31DBF7FAFA47" ID-CoL="4Q34D" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[1904,2143,1479,1500]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">Neukaledonien-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF671816C31DBF76FFA47" bold="true" box="[2162,2250,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF67181CC31DBF5B3FA47" ID-CoL="4Q34D" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2258,2582,1479,1500]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">
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Zorro volador de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF671806831DBF5B3FA47" box="[2422,2582,1479,1500]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Nueva Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7531F1F8D9F999" blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[1387,1916,1517,1538]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF6718C7531F1F8D9F999" box="[1387,1916,1517,1538]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7531F1F9C7F999" bold="true" box="[1387,1634,1517,1538]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF6718F7231F1F8D9F999" ID-CoL="4Q34D" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[1644,1916,1517,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">New Caledonian Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718ED1322EF5BAF9C8" box="[1999,2591,1586,1619]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718ED1322EF5BAF9C8" blockId="91.[1998,2595,1586,2014]" box="[1999,2591,1586,1619]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718ED1322EF7CEF9C8" bold="true" box="[1999,2155,1586,1619]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF671819C322EF5BFF9C8" ID-CoL="4Q34D" authority="Jouan, 1863" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2178,2586,1586,1619]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">Pteropus vetula Jouan, 1863</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718ECE3242F6BBF9E0" box="[2000,2334,1630,1659]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718ECE3242F6BBF9E0" blockId="91.[1998,2595,1586,2014]" box="[2000,2334,1630,1659]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF9FF6718ECE3242F6BBF9E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391355" box="[2000,2334,1630,1659]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF6718ECE3242F702F9E0" box="[2000,2215,1630,1659]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF67181A93242F6BCF9E0" box="[2231,2329,1630,1659]" name="France" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">France</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718ED1329DF815F7E2" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718ED1329DF815F7E2" blockId="91.[1998,2595,1586,2014]" lastBlockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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Widely used species name vetulus changed as the original specific epithet
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF671808932B5F641F951" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2455,2532,1705,1738]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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is a noun in apposition and should remain unchanged. Because
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF67181C332E0F68FF882" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2269,2346,1788,1817]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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deviates strongly from the usual appearance of species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718ED1335AF79EF8FC" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1999,2107,1862,1895]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
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and is rather similar to small species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718125336EF718F814" box="[2107,2237,1906,1935]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteralopex</taxonomicName>
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, with which there is no proven relationship, its classification in
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718ED033A1F79FF845" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1998,2106,1981,2014]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
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1s difficult. While R. M. Nowak in 1999 and N. B. Simmons in 2005 placed
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718EA233FFF7ACF79F" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[1980,2057,2019,2052]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF671816C33FFF757F79F" authorityName="Lay" authorityYear="1829" box="[2162,2290,2019,2052]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pselaphon">pselaphon</taxonomicName>
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group, as did K. Andersen in 1912, genetic studies by F. C. Almeida and colleagues in 2014 assigned
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF67180CC3C17F5BAF7B7" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2514,2591,2059,2092]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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to its own group (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718F703C2EF91BF7C8" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[1646,1726,2098,2131]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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species group) but related to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF67181AC3C2EF68BF7C8" box="[2226,2350,2098,2131]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Cupaniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samoensis">samoensis</taxonomicName>
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group, as in the results of S. M. Tsang in 2015. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C763C99F76EF739" box="[1384,2251,2181,2210]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FF9FF6718C763C99F76EF739" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803295" box="[1384,2251,2181,2210]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803295/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" startId="91.[1384,1556,2181,2210]" targetBox="[1383,1974,1596,2010]" targetPageId="91">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C763C99F76EF739" blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" box="[1384,2251,2181,2210]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C763C99F9BDF739" bold="true" box="[1384,1560,2181,2210]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF6718F3A3C99F95CF739" box="[1572,1785,2181,2210]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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||
(Grande Terre and
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF67181073C99F79EF739" box="[2073,2107,2181,2210]" name="Iceland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Ile</collectingCountry>
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des Pins).
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C793CB5F7CEF53F" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C793CB5F7CEF53F" blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C793CB5F9C5F751" bold="true" box="[1383,1632,2217,2250]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 122-5-142-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF6718EAB3CB5F7AEF751" box="[1973,2059,2217,2250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(tailless), ear 13-15-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF67180293CB5F635F751" box="[2359,2448,2217,2250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF6718C653CCCFA46F76A" box="[1403,1507,2256,2289]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 92-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF6718F813CCCF894F76A" box="[1695,1841,2256,2289]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="11.4" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="58.5" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="3.0">3-114 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF6718EB23CCCF79CF76A" box="[1964,2105,2256,2289]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="g" value="170.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="120.0">120-220 g</quantity>
|
||
. Greatest lengths of skulls are 48— 50-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF6718C8D3CE4FA41F682" box="[1427,1508,2296,2329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. On average, femalesare slightly larger than males. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF67181F13CE4F664F682" box="[2287,2497,2296,2329]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox has short rounded ears, usually hidden in fur, and thickened rims. Dense and silky fur is dark gray to black, occasionally with hint of brown. Tibial upper side is densely covered with long hairs. Mantle is only weakly demarcated by longer hair. Claw on index finger is well developed. Uropatagium is reduced to narrow membrane along insides of lower limbs. Skull has short snout. I is less than one-half the size of I. P! is very small. Premolars and molars have distinct step at posterior crown margin and additional anterointernal cusps. In general, external appearance and molars with sharp tips are reminiscent of species of Pleralopex. Because biochemicaltests showed no relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718C783E40FA40F5E6" box="[1382,1509,2652,2685]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteralopex</taxonomicName>
|
||
, similarities might be caused by convergent development due to a similar diet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7B3E9BFA71F53F" bold="true" box="[1381,1492,2695,2724]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary and secondary tropical humid forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C7B3EB7F791F569" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7B3EB7F791F569" blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7B3EB7F9D7F557" bold="true" box="[1381,1650,2731,2764]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Condition of teeth indicates that the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF67181BF3EB7F6DFF557" box="[2209,2426,2731,2764]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox feeds on harderfruits than other flying fox species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C7B3EE4F97EF482" box="[1381,1755,2808,2841]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7B3EE4F97EF482" blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" box="[1381,1755,2808,2841]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7B3EE4FA49F482" bold="true" box="[1381,1516,2808,2841]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C7D3F3DF858F4F2" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7D3F3DF858F4F2" blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7D3F3DF9F7F4D9" bold="true" box="[1379,1618,2849,2882]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF6718FB93F3DF824F4D9" box="[1703,1921,2849,2882]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox seems to be strictly nocturnal and roosts at entrances of caves and in hollow trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C7A3F6CF843F42C" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7A3F6CF843F42C" blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7A3F6CF79AF40A" bold="true" box="[1380,2111,2928,2961]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF67181863F6CF6D1F40A" box="[2200,2420,2928,2961]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox probably moves mainly below forest canopies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C7A3FA3F790F350" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7A3FA3F790F350" blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7A3FA3F96CF47B" bold="true" box="[1380,1737,3007,3040]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red Lust. Threats to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF6718FB63FFBF8D9F393" box="[1704,1916,3047,3080]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Itis probably occasionally hunted for food, but hunting is regulated under local wildlife laws. Its habitat is reduced to a small extent by deforestation. Its distribution is very limited, habitat is highly fragmented, and it is not known if it exists in protected areas. Extensive studies on ecology, population size, and potential threats are necessary to develop appropriate conservation measures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7B6664FF9FF6718978393FFCE6F216" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448901/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" startId="91.[102,132,3363,3388]" targetBox="[12,2743,16,3661]" targetPageId="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718978393FFCE6F216" blockId="91.[99,2586,3345,3473]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
On following pages: 164. Common Samoan Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718BD5393AFC0EF2A4" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[715,939,3366,3391]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">Pteropus samoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 165. Banks Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718DA03934FA2DF2DA" authorityName="Felten & Kock" authorityYear="1972" box="[1214,1416,3368,3393]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fundatus">Pteropus fundatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 166.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF6718CCD3935F98CF2D9" box="[1491,1577,3369,3394]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718FAE3936F826F2D8" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1712,1923,3370,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anetianus">Pteropus anetianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 167. Vanikoro Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF67181B23930F638F2DE" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1869" box="[2220,2461,3372,3397]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">Pteropus tuberculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 168. Temotu Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF671886C394CFDC5F2FD" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1930" box="[370,608,3408,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitendiensis">Pteropus nitendiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 169. Solomons Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718A81394EFBF6F2F3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[927,1107,3410,3432]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rayneri">Pteropus rayneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 170. Makira Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718C733948F99FF2F1" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[1389,1594,3412,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cognatus">Pteropus cognatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 171. Rennell Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718E47394AF81EF2F0" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1881,1979,3414,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
|
||
rennell)); 172. Temminck's Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF671807D3944FF7BF216" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temminckii">Pteropus temminckii</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 173. Gray-headed Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718B293964FC9CF216" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[567,825,3448,3469]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poliocephalus">Pteropus poliocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF98F67689B43503FAFBFEC4" pageId="92" pageNumber="150" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF98F67689B43503FAFBFEC4" blockId="92.[169,1374,287,356]" pageId="92" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF98F67689B43503FEE5FEA3" bold="true" box="[170,320,287,312]" pageId="92" pageNumber="150">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aimeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (2001), Brescia (2008c), Dobson (1878), Felten (1964c), Flannery (1995a), Jouan (1863), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), Nowak (1999), Simmons (2005), Tsang (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |