221 lines
26 KiB
XML
221 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="B87B04CDED831C3AB76BF163DC6EF4E4" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF8AF66489B7305FFE41F217" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus personatus Temminck 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9371B1E335BACEB40B86E19C477541E3">
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<mods:title id="C1D455E9FF683697E0A01B1BBEFBC891">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2111409D9BA72260A94FA90333CD419D">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B5EED2F0842F25FB18A4E5355E71A3A">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A1FACA5B0813A3F458DB30EB8738E85E">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="D163F5356BC61630B75B521780EDBBCB">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="15C354E2E3E529FBD33BCEF64FC0A7B1">
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<mods:title id="DF4360110047E2841EB3413642FF133B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F31AF4C9CDFC00E2137FD8B925F82BA1">
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF8AF66489B7305FFE41F217" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794987" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794987" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF8AF66489B7305FFE41F217" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF8AF66489B7305FFE41F217" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489B7305FFF5CFBEA" box="[169,249,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B7305FFF5CFBEA" blockId="78.[165,1298,1091,1220]" box="[169,249,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8AF66489B7305FFF5CFBEA" box="[169,249,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF8AF66489B7305FFF5CFBEA" box="[169,249,1091,1137]" captionStart="Plate 8: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="75.[98,128,3361,3386]" captionTargetBox="[12,2745,16,3662]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="127. Wallace's Stripe-faced Fruit Bat (Styloctenium wallacei), 128. Mindoro Stripe-faced Fruit Bat (Styloctenium mindorensis), 129. Small-toothed Fruit Bat (Neopteryx frosti), 130. Sulawesi Flying Fox (Acerodon celebensis), 131. Talaud Flying Fox (Acerodon humilis), 132. Golden-capped Flying Fox (Acerodon jubatus), 133. Palawan Flying Fox (Acerodon leucotis), 134. Sunda Flying Fox (Acerodon macklotii), 135. Moluccan Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus personatus), 136. Lombok Flying Fox (Pteropus lombocensus), 137. Little Red Flying Fox (Pteropus scapulatus), 138. Big-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus macrotis), 139. Gilliard’s Flying Fox (Pteropus gilliardorum), 140. Sanborn’s Flying Fox (Pleropus mahaganus), 141. Dwarf Flying Fox (Pteropus woodfordi), 142. Pohnpei Flying Fox (Pteropus molossinus), 143. Chuuk Flying Fox (Pteropus pelagicus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448883/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">135.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF6648817305FFCC9FBEA" box="[265,876,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF6648817305FFCC9FBEA" blockId="78.[165,1298,1091,1220]" box="[265,876,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8AF6648817305FFCC9FBEA" box="[265,876,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8AF6648817305FFCC9FBEA" ID-CoL="4Q33C" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[265,876,1091,1137]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Moluccan Masked Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF6648AB1305FFAB7FBEA" box="[943,1298,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF6648AB1305FFAB7FBEA" blockId="78.[165,1298,1091,1220]" box="[943,1298,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8AF6648AB1305FFAB7FBEA" box="[943,1298,1091,1137]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648AB1305FFAB7FBEA" ID-CoL="4Q33C" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[943,1298,1091,1137]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF6648AB1305FFAB7FBEA" box="[943,1298,1091,1137]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Pteropus personatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489B83098FCBCFB5B" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B83098FBC9FB02" blockId="78.[165,1298,1091,1220]" box="[166,1132,1156,1177]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8AF66489B83098FBC9FB02" box="[166,1132,1156,1177]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489B83098FF57FB02" bold="true" box="[166,242,1156,1177]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8AF66489E53098FE67FB02" ID-CoL="4Q33C" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[251,450,1156,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Roussette masquée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66488C63098FD97FB02" bold="true" box="[472,562,1156,1177]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8AF6648B223098FD47FB02" ID-CoL="4Q33C" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[572,738,1156,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Maskenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF6648BE63098FCF6FB02" bold="true" box="[760,851,1156,1177]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8AF6648A423098FBC9FB02" ID-CoL="4Q33C" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[860,1132,1156,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Zorro volador enmascarado</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489BB30B7FCBCFB5B" blockId="78.[165,1298,1091,1220]" box="[165,793,1195,1216]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8AF66489BB30B7FCBCFB5B" box="[165,793,1195,1216]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489BB30B7FE38FB5B" bold="true" box="[165,413,1195,1216]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8AF66488B930B7FDC7FB5B" ID-CoL="4Q33C" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[423,610,1195,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Masked Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8AF6648B6E30B7FCBCFB5B" ID-CoL="4Q33C" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[624,793,1195,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Masked Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF6648A1430F1FCF1FAAD" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF6648A1430F1FCF1FAAD" blockId="78.[778,1373,1261,1689]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF6648A1430F1FC00FA95" bold="true" box="[778,933,1261,1294]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648AAA30F1FCEAFAAD" ID-CoL="4Q33C" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Pteropus personatus Temminck, 1825</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF6648A413105FB2AFAC6" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF6648A413105FB2AFAC6" blockId="78.[778,1373,1261,1689]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF8AF6648A413105FB29FAC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391383" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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“I'lle de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF8AF6648ACC3105FB9BFAAD" box="[978,1086,1305,1334]" name="Indonesia" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Ternate</collectingCountry>
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[=
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF8AF6648D733105FAE5FAAD" box="[1133,1344,1305,1334]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
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],” Molucca Islands,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF8AF6648AE13120FB29FAC6" box="[1023,1164,1340,1373]" name="Indonesia" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF6648A153178FAFDFA67" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF6648A153178FAFDFA67" blockId="78.[778,1373,1261,1689]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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Some DNA sequence data indicate a position basal or outside
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648D723197FB7DFA37" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1132,1240,1419,1452]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648DEF3197FC36FA4F" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Pteropus personatus</taxonomicName>
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is the only member of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648DCA31AFFAF8FA4F" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1236,1373,1459,1492]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">personatus</taxonomicName>
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species group. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF6648A15321EFB17F973" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FF8AF6648A15321EFB17F973" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803850/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" startId="78.[779,933,1538,1571]" targetBox="[163,754,1276,1689]" targetPageId="78">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF6648A15321EFB3EF9B8" blockId="78.[778,1373,1261,1689]" box="[779,1179,1538,1571]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF6648A15321EFB3EF9B8" bold="true" box="[779,1179,1538,1571]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF6648A15323AFDB8F95A" blockId="78.[778,1373,1261,1689]" lastBlockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648A15323AFDB8F95A" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="personatus" subSpecies="personatus">P.p.personatusTemminck,1825—NorthMoluccaIs(HalmaheraandObigroups),Indonesia.RecordsfromSulawesihaveturnedouttobeincorrect.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B932DBFB17F973" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" box="[167,1202,1735,1768]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF66489B932DBFD68F973" authority="Wiantoro & Maryanto, 2016" authorityName="Wiantoro & Maryanto" authorityYear="2016" box="[167,717,1735,1768]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="personatus" subSpecies="acityae">P. p. acityae Wiantoro & Maryanto, 2016</taxonomicName>
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— Raja Ampat Is (Gag),
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF8AF6648D3F32DBFB0BF973" box="[1057,1198,1735,1768]" name="Indonesia" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489BB32F3FCAAF62B" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489BB32F3FCAAF62B" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489BB32F3FE04F88B" bold="true" box="[165,417,1775,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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||
Head-body 124-149-
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8AF6648BC432F3FC8AF88B" box="[730,815,1775,1808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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||
(tailless), ear 19-5-22-
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8AF6648D6632F3FB68F88B" box="[1144,1229,1775,1808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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||
, hindfoot 31-33-
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8AF664881C330AFEFEF8AC" box="[258,347,1814,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm 86-98-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8AF6648B54330AFD06F8AC" box="[586,675,1814,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8AF6648A3E330AFC06F8AC" box="[800,931,1814,1847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.225" metricValueMax="1.53" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" unit="g" value="122.5" valueMax="153.0" valueMin="92.0">92-153 g</quantity>
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||
. Greatest lengths of skulls are 40-1-47-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8AF66488033322FED7F8C4" box="[285,370,1854,1887]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The Moluccan Masked Flying Fox is small, with buff white facial mask sharply defined against blackish background, white mustache extending over cheek and up to eyes, middle nasalstripe, and large post-ocular stripe. Ears are oval or rounded and slightly longer than muzzle. Crown, back of head, neck, and parts of chest are straw yellow. Rest of chest, belly, and flanks are pale wood-brown. Back is brownish gray to silvery white, with creamy tinge. Furis soft and dense, thinning out along arms. Claw on index finger is well developed. Wing membranes are mostly unpigmented, with mottled appearance, being whitish toward leading edges and tips of wings. Skull is small, with strong basicranial deflection, thin rostrum, very large orbits with long recurved postorbital processes, weak zygomatic arches, rather wide palate, and globose braincase with separate temporal lines. Body and coronoid process of mandible are weak; angle is wide and rounded. On average, skull of subspecies acityae is smaller. Dental formula for most species of Plempusis 12/2, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 34. Teeth are reduced in size, especially molars. Inner lower incisors are much smaller than outer ones. Cingulum of C' and C, is very weak. Canines are thin and long, and cheekteeth are very small and generally low.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489B83DAAFB43F664" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B83DAAFB43F664" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489B83DAAFEB0F64C" bold="true" box="[166,277,2486,2519]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Forests and gardens with durian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648BE93DAAFCE6F64C" box="[759,835,2486,2519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Durio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Durio</taxonomicName>
|
||
zibethinus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648AC73DAAFBD5F64C" box="[985,1136,2486,2519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), nutmeg (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648C143DAAFF71F664" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Myristica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myristica</taxonomicName>
|
||
fragrans,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF66488473DC2FDB9F664" box="[345,540,2526,2559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myristicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and clove trees (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648A043DC2FC37F664" box="[794,914,2526,2559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Syzygium</taxonomicName>
|
||
aromaticum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648D5D3DC2FB7CF664" box="[1091,1241,2526,2559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489B83E19FCD9F5EE" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B83E19FCD9F5EE" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489B83E19FE08F5BD" bold="true" box="[166,429,2565,2598]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Moluccan Masked Flying Fox eats fruits of introduced spiked pepper (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF664883A3E30FECFF5D6" box="[292,362,2604,2637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
|
||
aduncum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF6648B1F3E30FD04F5D6" box="[513,673,2604,2637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Generally weak dentition and gracile skull suggest diets of soft fruits and perhaps flower products.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489B83E67FE25F55F" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B83E67FE25F55F" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489B83E67FE88F507" bold="true" box="[166,301,2683,2716]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Lactating and pregnant Moluccan Masked Flying Foxes were found on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF8AF6648C383E67FF47F55F" name="Indonesia" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Ternate</collectingCountry>
|
||
in January.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489BB3ED6FE7CF4F9" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489BB3ED6FE7CF4F9" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489BB3ED6FE37F570" bold="true" box="[165,402,2762,2795]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Moluccan Masked Flying Foxes roost in the canopy during the day and become active at dusk. A specimen was caught from a roost in a plantation of pawpaw (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF66489ED3F05FEC7F4A1" authorityName="Adanson" authorityYear="1763" box="[243,354,2841,2874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Asimina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Asimina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8AF664886E3F05FD87F4A1" box="[368,546,2841,2874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) trees. During sleep, conspicuous head is hidden between wings for camouflage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489B83F74FBDBF39B" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B83F74FBDBF39B" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489B83F74FCD6F412" bold="true" box="[166,883,2920,2953]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Several individuals visit a feeding tree, but branches with many fruits are defended against conspecifics. During feeding and flight, Moluccan Masked Flying Foxes can be recognized by their vocalizations that alternate between birdlike whistling and typical flying fox chatter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489B9381AFD47F28F" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B9381AFD47F28F" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489B9381AFDA7F3BC" bold="true" box="[167,514,3078,3111]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Hunting of Moluccan Masked Flying Foxes does not seem to be a major threat now. Nevertheless, very little is known about the Moluccan Masked Flying Fox, and there are no records from protected areas. Extensive surveys on population size and effects of bushmeat trade and forest loss and degeneration on population and distribution are necessary. Protection of roosting places and encouraging local communities to conserve nature should be developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8AF66489B6393FFE41F217" pageId="78" pageNumber="136" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8AF66489B6393FFE41F217" blockId="78.[165,1377,1696,3468]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8AF66489B6393FFEE4F2A7" bold="true" box="[168,321,3363,3388]" pageId="78" pageNumber="136">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (2001), Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988), Dobson (1878), Flannery (1995a), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), Simmons (2005), Temminck (1825), Tsang (2015, 2016), Wiantoro & Maryanto (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |