228 lines
27 KiB
XML
228 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="D870C87E15C6F461C351B0C34DF10C98" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF81F66C8C753E69FB55F62F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteralopex atrata Thomas 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="BEEB94E9D301F36585D3DE05543D3A9A">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65F645307200F232679F6CCE83A76554">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="434C42B2B347D57447E6B59200126329">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="4D98023C5E4E8C5741AC56A2503AD853">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="5E4AA678FD720280E393D5008F6410AC">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0F36F0B1B818C3B94449DC0327FCE327">
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<mods:title id="9305E69DFBADA6481C569499AE4D0ABE">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF81F66C8C753E69FB55F62F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6795132" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6795132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF81F66C8C753E69FB55F62F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF81F66C8C753E69FB55F62F" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF81F66F8C753E69FA1DF53C" box="[1387,1464,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F8C753E69FA1DF53C" blockId="69.[1381,2577,2677,2806]" box="[1387,1464,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF81F66F8C753E69FA1DF53C" box="[1387,1464,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF81F66F8C753E69FA1DF53C" box="[1387,1464,2677,2727]" captionStart="Plate 7: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="67.[120,150,3371,3392]" captionTargetBox="[12,2746,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="114. Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat (Notopteris macdonald), 115. New Caledonia Long-tailed Fruit Bat (Notopteris neocaledonicus), 116. White-winged Flying Fox (Desmalopex leucopterus), 117. Mindoro Pallid Flying Fox (Desmalopex microleucopterus), 118. Fijizan Monkey-faced Fruit Bat Marimar (: acrodonta), 119. Bougainville Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex anceps), 120. Guadalcanal Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pleralopex atrata), 121. Montane Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pleralopex pulchra), 122. New Georgia Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pleralopex taki), 123. Greater Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pleralopex flanneryi), 124. Black-bellied Blossom Bat (Melonycteris melanops), 125. Fardoulis’s Blossom Bat (Nesonycteris fardoulis), 126. Woodford’s Blossom Bat (Nesonycteris woodfordi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448873/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">120.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF81F66F8CD63E69F70EF53C" box="[1480,2219,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F8CD63E69F70EF53C" blockId="69.[1381,2577,2677,2806]" box="[1480,2219,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF81F66F8CD63E69F70EF53C" box="[1480,2219,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF81F66F8CD63E69F70EF53C" ID-CoL="6WLBV" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1480,2219,2677,2727]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF81F66F8CD63E69F961F53C" box="[1480,1732,2677,2727]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
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Monkey-faced Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF81F66F81C53E69F5AAF53C" box="[2267,2575,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F81C53E69F5AAF53C" blockId="69.[1381,2577,2677,2806]" box="[2267,2575,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FF81F66F81C53E69F5AAF53C" box="[2267,2575,2677,2727]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F81C53E69F5AAF53C" ID-CoL="6WLBV" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2267,2575,2677,2727]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF81F66F81C53E69F5AAF53C" box="[2267,2575,2677,2727]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Pteralopex atrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF81F66F8C793EA5F839F56F" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F8C793EA5F5B4F555" blockId="69.[1381,2577,2677,2806]" box="[1383,2577,2745,2766]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF81F66F8C793EA5F5B4F555" box="[1383,2577,2745,2766]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF81F66F8C793EA5FA17F555" bold="true" box="[1383,1458,2745,2766]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF81F66F8CA23EA5F91AF555" ID-CoL="6WLBV" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1468,1727,2745,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">
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Roussette de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF81F66F8F563EA5F91AF555" box="[1608,1727,2745,2766]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF81F66F8FCB3EA5F88AF555" bold="true" box="[1749,1839,2745,2766]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF81F66F8E273EA5F72BF555" ID-CoL="6WLBV" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1849,2190,2745,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">Guadalcanal-Affengesichtflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF81F66F81BD3EA5F75AF555" bold="true" box="[2211,2303,2745,2766]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF81F66F80173EA5F5B4F555" ID-CoL="6WLBV" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2313,2577,2745,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">
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Pteralopex de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF81F66F80843EA5F5B4F555" box="[2458,2577,2745,2766]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F8C783EC3F839F56F" blockId="69.[1381,2577,2677,2806]" box="[1382,1948,2783,2804]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF81F66F8C783EC3F839F56F" box="[1382,1948,2783,2804]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF81F66F8C783EC3F9F8F56F" bold="true" box="[1382,1629,2783,2804]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF81F66F8F793EC3F839F56F" ID-CoL="6WLBV" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1639,1948,2783,2804]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF81F66F8F793EC3F97BF56F" box="[1639,1758,2783,2804]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
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Monkey-faced Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF81F66F8ED53F39F5BEF4DD" box="[1995,2587,2853,2886]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F8ED53F39F5BEF4DD" blockId="69.[1993,2590,2853,3281]" box="[1995,2587,2853,2886]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF81F66F8ED53F39F7C3F4DD" bold="true" box="[1995,2150,2853,2886]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F816C3F39F5B3F4DD" ID-CoL="6WLBV" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2162,2582,2853,2886]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">Pteralopex atrata Thomas, 1888</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF81F66F8ED23F4CF738F40F" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F8ED23F4CF738F40F" blockId="69.[1993,2590,2853,3281]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF81F66F8ED23F4CF738F40F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391324" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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“Aola, Guadalcanar [=
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF81F66F80093F4CF66BF4F6" box="[2327,2510,2896,2925]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
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],
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF81F66F80F43F4CF72FF40F" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF81F66F8ED23F87F9A4F2F1" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F8ED23F87F9A4F2F1" blockId="69.[1993,2590,2853,3281]" lastBlockId="69.[1379,2590,3285,3475]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
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Considerable confusion existed regarding identity of specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F805C3FDEF612F478" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2370,2487,3010,3043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Pleralopex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atrata">P. atrata</taxonomicName>
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, previously thought to be widespread in the
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF81F66F8ED53806F713F3A8" box="[1995,2230,3098,3123]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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. A closelyrelated, cryptic species was only recently described,
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F80DF3825F7AEF31A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Pleralopex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flanneryi">P. flanneryi</taxonomicName>
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, which is generally larger; differences with
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F8107389AF732F33C" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[2073,2199,3206,3239]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anceps">P. anceps</taxonomicName>
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have been clarified. Pter alopex
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F810138ACF73DF34A" authorityName="Helgan" authorityYear="2005" box="[2079,2200,3248,3281]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flanneryi">flanneryi</taxonomicName>
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: and
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F81FC38ACF6F2F34A" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[2274,2391,3248,3281]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anceps">P. anceps</taxonomicName>
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are allopatric with respect to
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F8F5A38C9F911F36D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1604,1716,3285,3318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Pleralopex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atrata">P. atrata</taxonomicName>
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, now restricted to lowland
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF81F66F815F38C9F755F36D" box="[2113,2288,3285,3318]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
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and, on the basis of one record, New
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF81F66F8F7D38E1F970F285" box="[1635,1749,3325,3358]" name="Georgia" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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. Previous records from Buka, Bougainville, Choiseul, and Santa Isabel islands have been reassigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F8EF33938F720F2DE" authorityName="Helgan" authorityYear="2005" box="[2029,2181,3364,3397]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flanneryi">P. flanneryi</taxonomicName>
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(most records) or
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF81F66F80833938F5B0F2DE" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[2461,2581,3364,3397]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anceps">P. anceps</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF81F66F8C7D396EF73CF208" box="[1379,2201,3442,3475]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FF81F66F8C7D396EF73CF208" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803822" box="[1379,2201,3442,3475]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803822/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="127" startId="69.[1379,1552,3442,3475]" targetBox="[1379,1970,2855,3274]" targetPageId="69">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF81F66F8C7D396EF73CF208" blockId="69.[1379,2590,3285,3475]" box="[1379,2201,3442,3475]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF81F66F8C7D396EF9B1F208" bold="true" box="[1379,1556,3442,3475]" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Solomon Is (New
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF81F66F8E03396EF828F208" box="[1821,1933,3442,3475]" name="Georgia" pageId="69" pageNumber="127">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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and Guadalcanal).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF82F66C89B53504FAFEF88F" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF82F66C89B53504FAFEF88F" blockId="70.[168,1378,280,2489]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF82F66C89B53504FE0DFEA2" bold="true" box="[171,424,280,313]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF82F66C8B723504FC87FEA2" box="[620,802,280,313]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.165" metricValueMax="2.37" metricValueMin="1.96" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="216.5" valueMax="237.0" valueMin="196.0">196-237 mm</quantity>
|
||
(tailless), ear
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF82F66C8AE53504FB34FEA2" box="[1019,1169,280,313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF82F66C8C2E3504FEB5FEFB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="42.0">42- 43 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF82F66C88BD3523FDFDFEFB" box="[419,600,319,352]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" metricValueMax="1.47" metricValueMin="1.29" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="138.0" valueMax="147.0" valueMin="129.0">129-147 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF82F66C8BCC3523FCC1FEFB" box="[722,868,319,352]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.72" metricValueMax="5.06" metricValueMin="4.38" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" unit="g" value="472.0" valueMax="506.0" valueMin="438.0">438-506 g</quantity>
|
||
. Head of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF82F66C8D303523FB79FEFB" box="[1070,1244,319,352]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
|
||
Monkeyfaced Fruit Bat is large and flat; stout muzzle is sparsely haired, with dark gray skin; nostrils are large, very short, and divergent; and philtrum has side furrow. Eyes are relatively small and slightly directed forward, with reddish brownirises. Ears are short, round, exposed, and tipped with long sparse hairs. Head is very densely haired, and pelage is black or blackish brown, relatively short, and hirsute; mantle hair is long and black; dorsal pelage is black and adpressed; and hindlegs are naked or sparsely haired. Throat is sparsely haired; pelage of chest and belly are black or blackish brown and hirsute, without pale ventral patch. Uropatagium is absent in center and narrow alongside hindlegs, and calcar is short. Wings are dark blackish brown, occasionally mottled, inserted near spine, and attached to second toe; index claw is present. Skull is very robust, with strong basicranial deflection. Laterally, rostrum is short and very thick; forehead slopes; orbital rim is very obvious and slightly tilted forward; postorbital process forms closed orbital ring ending in spine of thick, arched zygoma; zygomatic root is slightly above upper alveolar line; and braincase is domed. Dorsally, rostrum is short and very wide; nasals and interorbital region are narrow; paranasal recesses are indistinct; postorbital foramina are tiny; postorbital constriction is very obvious; temporal lines join behind orbits, forming tall sagittal crest; and nuchal crest is very obvious. Ventrally, palate is long and flat, incisor row is arched, tooth rows are nearly parallel, post-dental palate is relatively short, and ectotympanic is very small, annular, and wider anteriorly. Mandible is robust, coronoid raises vertical and is very broad and curved, condyle is level with sinuous lower alveolar line, and angle is strong and salient, with obvious masseteric line. There are 14 palatal ridges; first five ridges are smooth, arched, undivided except first and middle ridges are thick, arched, and divided medially; eleventh ridge is undivided;last ridges are near palation border; and denticulation occurs in middle and last ridges. Dentition is strong and multicuspidate. Upperincisors are large, with strong basal distal shelves; I' is flat with cutting edge roundly pointed; I* is larger and more acutely pointed, with cingulum raised into tubercle; C' is relatively short but massive, with large distal secondary cusp, and grooved mesial surface; P' is tiny and frequently missing; posterior cheekteeth are large and squarish in occlusal outline, with anterior and posterior basal ledges and raised margins, prominent single labial cusp, slightly decreasing in height posteriorly; and M? is small. Lower dentition has minute, sometimes wanting, slightly bifid I, very large I, with three cusps, and large basal distal shelf; C| is short, with single cusp and posteriorly raised ledge; P| is relatively very large and tricuspidate; posterior cheekteeth decrease in height posteriorly; occlusal outline is rectangular to rounded posteriorly, with raised posterior ledge; main labial ridge has tricuspidate aspect, formed by deeply divided main cusp plus cusp-like raised posterior ledge; and M, is small and rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF82F66C89B53307FDD6F8F8" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF82F66C89B53307FDD6F8F8" blockId="70.[168,1378,280,2489]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF82F66C89B53307FEBFF8A7" bold="true" box="[171,282,1819,1852]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Lowland primary rainforests and occasionally gardens near forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF82F66C8B0C335EFDCAF8F8" box="[530,623,1858,1891]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF82F66C89B43376FC58F841" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF82F66C89B43376FC58F841" blockId="70.[168,1378,280,2489]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF82F66C89B43376FE10F810" bold="true" box="[170,437,1898,1931]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF82F66C88DA3376FDD7F810" box="[452,626,1898,1931]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
|
||
Monkey-faced Fruit Bats are frugivorous. They have been observed foraging in small groups on unripe mango (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF82F66C8AF7338DFB6EF829" box="[1001,1227,1937,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Mangifera indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF82F66C8DC6338DFF5AF841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Strong dentition suggests consumption of hard fruit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF82F66C89B533FCFD85F79A" box="[171,544,2016,2049]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF82F66C89B533FCFD85F79A" blockId="70.[168,1378,280,2489]" box="[171,544,2016,2049]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF82F66C89B533FCFE94F79A" bold="true" box="[171,305,2016,2049]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF82F66C89B73C14FC34F7CB" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF82F66C89B73C14FC34F7CB" blockId="70.[168,1378,280,2489]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF82F66C89B73C14FE3DF7B2" bold="true" box="[169,408,2056,2089]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF82F66C88B93C14FDF3F7B2" box="[423,598,2056,2089]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
|
||
Monkey-faced Fruit Bats are nocturnal; they were observed feeding at 21:30 h. They roost in tree hollows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF82F66C89B53C4BFCBAF704" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF82F66C89B53C4BFCBAF704" blockId="70.[168,1378,280,2489]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF82F66C89B53C4BFCDBF7E3" bold="true" box="[171,894,2135,2168]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF82F66C8A903C4BFB98F7E3" box="[910,1085,2135,2168]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
|
||
Monkey-faced Fruit Bats probably roost alone or in small groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF82F66C89B53CBAFC34F617" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF82F66C89B53CBAFC34F617" blockId="70.[168,1378,280,2489]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF82F66C89B53CBAFDAAF75C" bold="true" box="[171,527,2214,2247]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Guadalcanal Monkey-faced Fruit Bat is clearly less common than it was in the recent past. Population is fragmented into two islands, possibly extirpated from New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF82F66C8DB53CE8FAB9F68E" box="[1195,1308,2292,2325]" name="Georgia" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and very rare on Guadalcanal where it was recently recorded. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. Roosting in hollowed trees might make it vulnerable to logging. A captive breeding program would be highly desirable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF82F66C89B23D87FB55F62F" box="[172,1264,2459,2484]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF82F66C89B23D87FB55F62F" blockId="70.[168,1378,280,2489]" box="[172,1264,2459,2484]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF82F66C89B23D87FEE0F62F" bold="true" box="[172,325,2459,2484]" pageId="70" pageNumber="128">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen (1912b), Flannery (1995a), Helgen (2005), Lavery (2017d), Parnaby (2002b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |