163 lines
20 KiB
XML
163 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="C3D0BAC459950D21B2EB045D6B103F6E" ID-CLB-Dataset="46546" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d9042ea-e8a1-4f49-ab59-0d6dda999023" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="229578" ID-ZooBank="3107BB30-6BC2-4012-ACE6-0FB90D8D5FCA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460377274668" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lonsdale, Owen" docDate="2014" docId="03859978FFF59122FF053DE6FD46F927" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03760p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3760 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sobarocephala kapnikos, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="222" masterDocId="FFBCE100FFFE9129FF923C19FFF3FFBA" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Old World Sobarocephala (Diptera: Clusiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="211" pageNumber="222" updateTime="1698296405999" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="CCD0945450C67E1443F4B401D2993090" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8B7D54D678AA74AA5DC18518DBC3B90D">
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<mods:title id="FD36E25BB3C534619ADAEE78507481F7">Revision of the Old World Sobarocephala (Diptera: Clusiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1A9A7D92B22257B5A85513F56C35B5AF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4D4E5C937F19D3F5D3558ACF06FD9B23">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="80625D6541FD1C22B8E7070ABA027833">Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="16DDDAFB82C4BFA683EF8C15B6308077">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E4A39EDE2E11FAF9C466998A6D1F0EB3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9707FF55CAF16B1469216750B3BF87D2">
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<mods:date id="4485FBED80C949FF0EE5419AFBB7A2C4">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6283C5C43484391AA2D4BFD3F011EA5A">2014-01-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C8F8CAB230F8984D025D0BB3E9BA5749">3760</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E09155FDEA4C5F6FC3A12D6F1AB38E2F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7AA3E873FFB1E5A8A491C40501A69718">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5DE47E8466996ABFA00929CA03E5B137">211</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9C257DD5F34D7F497772778A0583A49D">240</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="3E575A38F2F2F3927D1AED30ACF970E8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CF962E750B299345E018A80507B1C936" type="CLB-Dataset">46546</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A1BD159179C63FCF3C9B557E3FF64BC1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A22D423A9A1C454F6CADD43D828662C0" type="GBIF-Dataset">4d9042ea-e8a1-4f49-ab59-0d6dda999023</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ED3A21E2D2CB8F79E0438D0F0A4035D5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="76C3C71F7528E12B62C7A68A03C3DB06" type="Zenodo-Dep">229578</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03859978FFF59122FF053DE6FD46F927" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3508297" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119413272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3508297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03859978FFF59122FF053DE6FD46F927" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03859978FFF59122FF053DE6FD46F927" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<subSubSection id="C3367BE5FFF59122FF053DE6FDCCFDA0" box="[151,575,511,538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF053DE6FDCCFDA0" blockId="11.[151,575,511,571]" box="[151,575,511,538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<heading id="D0DB9F02FFF59122FF053DE6FDCCFDA0" bold="true" box="[151,575,511,538]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF053DE6FDCCFDA0" bold="true" box="[151,575,511,538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FF053DE6FE33FDA3" ID-CoL="9HW67" authority="Lonsdale, 2014" box="[151,448,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kapnikos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF053DE6FE33FDA3" bold="true" box="[151,448,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Sobarocephala kapnikos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26B4907FFF59122FE553E19FDCCFDA0" box="[455,575,512,538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BE5FFF59122FF053E3BFB62FB3B" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF053E3BFECDFD81" blockId="11.[151,575,511,571]" box="[151,318,546,571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Figs 29, 42–44</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF053E73FCD4FC70" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF053E73FED1FD39" bold="true" box="[151,290,618,643]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Description</emphasis>
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(Fig. 29).
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FE0F3E73FE2CFD39" box="[413,479,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Male.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CD4858BFFF59122FDE93E72FD3EFD39" box="[635,717,619,643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1mm</quantity>
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. Arista sparsely plumose with hairs on basal half denser. Setae brown. Ocellar seta small and thin. Mid fronto-orbital 2/3 length of hind fronto-orbital. Presutural intra-alar welldeveloped. Two dorsocentral setae with slightly more developed setula in front of anterior dorsocentral. Acrostichal seta absent. One pair of lateral scutellar setae. Head yellow (paler below antenna) with faded dorsal stripe on first flagellomere (strongest around base of arista), ocellar tubercle brown with spot continuing onto dorsal margin of back of head, and with gena, occiput and lateral margin of face whitish; gena pilose. Notum brown with most of anterior half of presutural scutum yellow excluding anterior margin of postpronotum. Pleuron yellow with anepisternum, anepimeron and anterodorsal spot on katepisternum brown. Legs yellow with mid tibia brownish medially. Halter entirely white. Wing very lightly clouded along anterior margin. M1+2 ratio 3.5. Abdomen brown with tergite 1, cerci and surstylus yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF553FCCFE6DFC54" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1693]" box="[199,414,981,1006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF553FCCFED1FC54" box="[199,290,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Female.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF553FE5FB62FB3B" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF553FE5FE76FBAF" box="[199,389,1020,1045]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Male terminalia.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131734EBFFF59122FE073FE5FDE4FBAF" box="[405,535,1020,1045]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1618,1641]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,197,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1594]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 44. Sobarocephala kapnikos spec. nov., male genitalia; 42: external, left lateral; 43: external, posterior; 44: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 45 – 47: S. nimbipennis spec. nov., male genitalia; 45: external, left lateral; 46: external, posterior; 47: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 48 – 50: S. laticrinis spec. nov., male genitalia; 48: external, left lateral; 49: external, posterior; 50: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 51 – 53: S. recava spec. nov., male genitalia; 51: external, left lateral; 52: external, posterior; 53: hypandrial complex, left lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229582/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Figs 42–44</figureCitation>
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) Annulus well-developed, enclosing 7th spiracle. Cerci small and rounded with setae short. Surstylus approximately as high as epandrium, broad with base and apex tapered; tubercle-like setae along inner surface of apical and posterior margins. Internally as described for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FB89385CFB32FBE7" box="[1051,1217,1092,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimbipennis">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FB89385CFB32FBE7" box="[1051,1217,1092,1117]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">S. nimbipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except paraphallus thumb shorter and more attenuated, and pregonite better defined and with one distal setula.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BE5FFF59122FF553895FF0CFB73" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF553895FF0CFB73" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF553895FEBDFB1F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1164,1189]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name is Greek for “smoky”, referring to the colour of the body and hypandrial complex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BE5FFF59122FF5538CDFE13FAAA" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF5538CDFE13FAAA" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<materialsCitation id="3B442233FFF59122FF5538CDFE13FAAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4041167375" collectingDate="1970-01-31" collectingDateMax="1970-02-08" collectingDateMin="1970-01-31" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Davis & Rowe" country="Sri Lanka" elevation="107" location="Uggalkaltota" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rat. Dist." typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF5538CDFD8DFB57" bold="true" box="[199,638,1236,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<typeStatus id="549796CCFFF59122FF5538CDFECBFB57" box="[199,312,1236,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68FEFFF59122FEDB38CDFE1BFB57" box="[329,488,1236,1261]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
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[”Celyon”].
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</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49E8E68CFFF59122FD1B38CCFD04FB57" box="[649,759,1236,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Rat. Dist</collectingRegion>
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.,
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<location id="8EF37EB5FFF59122FC9938CDFC6CFB57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03859978FFF59122FF053DE6FD46F927:8EF37EB5FFF59122FC9938CDFC6CFB57" box="[779,927,1236,1261]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Uggalkaltota" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" stateProvince="Rat. Dist">Uggalkaltota</location>
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, 350ft., Irrigation bungalow,
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<date id="FF920EAEFFF59122FB6A38CDFA64FB57" box="[1272,1431,1236,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" value="1970-01-31" valueMax="1970-02-08" valueMin="1970-01-31">
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<collectingDate id="EFD6F746FFF59122FB6A38CDFA64FB57" box="[1272,1431,1236,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" value="1970-01-31" valueMax="1970-02-08" valueMin="1970-01-31">31.i–8.ii.1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26D94DB8FFF59122FF0538E1FECEFAAA" box="[151,317,1272,1297]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Davis & Rowe</collectorName>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D2AE3E7FFF59122FEDC38E1FE82FAAA" box="[334,369,1272,1296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED3DB0ABFFF59122FEEC38E1FE27FAAA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[382,468,1272,1296]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">USNM</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BE5FFF59122FF553905FD46F927" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF553905FAB9FAC7" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF553905FEBCFA8F" bold="true" box="[199,335,1308,1333]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Comments.</emphasis>
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This darkly-coloured species can be diagnosed by a large ocellar spot, a reduced mid frontoorbital, a presutural intra-alar seta, and a strong subnotal stripe that continues onto the anterodorsal face of the katepisternum.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FED1397DFDA4FAC7" box="[323,599,1380,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kapnikos">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FED1397DFDA4FAC7" box="[323,599,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Sobarocephala kapnikos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is so far the only species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FC07397DFBCDFAC7" box="[917,1086,1380,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FC07397DFBCDFAC7" box="[917,1086,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Sobarocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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known from
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68FEFFF59122FB47397DFAB5FAC7" box="[1237,1350,1380,1405]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93286EFFF59122FF553991FD46F927" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
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Five species are tentatively allied on the basis of a presutural intra-alar seta, which is only otherwise found in a few sobarocephaline species outside of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FDEF39B5FC96FA7F" box="[637,869,1452,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FDEF39B5FC96FA7F" box="[637,869,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Sobarocephala flava</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, where it occurs with relative frequency. Of these, the Oriental
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FEFF39C8FE1DFA53" box="[365,494,1488,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kapnikos">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FEFF39C8FE1DFA53" box="[365,494,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">S. kapnikos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FDB739C8FD38FA53" box="[549,715,1488,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimbipennis">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FDB739C8FD38FA53" box="[549,715,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">S. nimbipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are supported as sister taxa on the basis of clouded wings, dark somatic colouration, characteristic surstyli (
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<figureCitation id="131734EBFFF59122FD0539EDFD07F9B7" box="[663,756,1524,1549]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1618,1641]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,197,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1594]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 44. Sobarocephala kapnikos spec. nov., male genitalia; 42: external, left lateral; 43: external, posterior; 44: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 45 – 47: S. nimbipennis spec. nov., male genitalia; 45: external, left lateral; 46: external, posterior; 47: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 48 – 50: S. laticrinis spec. nov., male genitalia; 48: external, left lateral; 49: external, posterior; 50: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 51 – 53: S. recava spec. nov., male genitalia; 51: external, left lateral; 52: external, posterior; 53: hypandrial complex, left lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229582/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Figs 42</figureCitation>
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, 45) and a pigmented hypandrial complex (
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<figureCitation id="131734EBFFF59122FA9339EDFAADF9B7" box="[1281,1374,1524,1549]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1618,1641]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,197,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1594]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 44. Sobarocephala kapnikos spec. nov., male genitalia; 42: external, left lateral; 43: external, posterior; 44: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 45 – 47: S. nimbipennis spec. nov., male genitalia; 45: external, left lateral; 46: external, posterior; 47: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 48 – 50: S. laticrinis spec. nov., male genitalia; 48: external, left lateral; 49: external, posterior; 50: hypandrial complex, left lateral. Figs 51 – 53: S. recava spec. nov., male genitalia; 51: external, left lateral; 52: external, posterior; 53: hypandrial complex, left lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229582/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Figs 44</figureCitation>
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, 47).
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FF053A01FE0FF98A" authority="(Laos)" baseAuthorityName="Laos" box="[151,508,1560,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
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<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FF053A01FE58F98B" box="[151,427,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Sobarocephala nebulosa</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68FEFFF59122FE283A01FE00F98A" box="[442,499,1560,1584]" name="Laos" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an acrostichal seta, a medially yellow scutellum and a much smaller surstylus. The two Afrotropical species with a presutural intra-alar seta (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FCC73A24FC4EF9EE" box="[853,957,1597,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FCC73A24FC4EF9EE" box="[853,957,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">S. recava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53EDFFF59122FC673A24FB85F9EF" box="[1013,1142,1596,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticrinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F47CFFF59122FC673A24FB85F9EF" box="[1013,1142,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">S. laticrinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) also form a well-defined natural group on the basis of similarly unusual surstyli (Figs 48, 51), a long epiphallus, a long slender paraphallus and a long, curved hypandrial arm (Figs 50, 53).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |