174 lines
23 KiB
XML
174 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="54814F739C115EBB36A8708F6A77A526" ID-CLB-Dataset="134452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFFF9FFA89BFDFA41FED2B8C4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Platylesches robustus subsp. robustus robustus Neave 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1699144858824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods id="D2A6581C575B177E024D137AB82C5894" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="77F494A742C04BDAA3BE087101EFBFCA">
|
|
<mods:title id="D3B6F12BEC9126A26526D18CA29DF1AA">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="C62753B71659C5096C9EFFE48C19B1DA" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="E9FF92FDB33209D3B59E4A0DCBAF8FCD">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="F03759C00F6FA2D43EB3C3B477A52AAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="5704AC5F9AA82CEC1B31BDCAB6C4F548">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="3C576BE7169912ACA3BFA0D82FC94985">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0B6460831E5D3A5BB3F1E56534065702" type="email">m.cock@cabi.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="6C040B3B12E5D812BE57288665957CD5" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="29FABD527AC3C10D83A33D026EF2EAA6">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C15C39BDCCA86D8664DD03AC9EE1F987">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="DCB9736E6D2A6E9E9BC9C7CEE0E8894B">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="58B5D18E61A67E381FE3D6CE97CCD345">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5036C0C7DB6F76CCA1A60C6E54D78FA0" type="email">colin.congdon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="4B603F3D47837182D105174643D1FECC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="EAEA7EE4007D013417334B5768FA64A2" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="50A5B03E198F011D073DF2E97B6CC740">
|
|
<mods:title id="152585C5FAA0B64B0C062FFF3BAA4FCB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="D1F2067CAEE9132545A3AB13A3587F7F">
|
|
<mods:date id="26B5D46FD8AEC49F1B327DFB304687D2">2013</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="A73B221D35EA50DAC1A4040FDA5F7884" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="4F47301A8305F75DDB167AFFF927A2E6">2013-10-25</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="F093525C51F433235DB0A9ED7ABE85BD" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="8E732B021D5CB719242616BE53B5D16E">3724</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="C1F4FE9078897DDEE556ABB2FC1A9877" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="1080C3DFBE660DD9D39F11B423848C52">1</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="963FD8520AB862ECCFDC6DF7830F3B43" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="84E00EFC9A4C0768EF39A3D0D98B9FC0">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="BE6D27CCE7E3C6010E3FB5E2AB4FF65E">85</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="435A99F8FCFB06E84EC664035470BB7E">
|
|
<mods:url id="41F7032776D55A41A9B7AD865955E625">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="54EB7B26B143EAAD30C871B2A6E1F1B9">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="E56E821E622B9293379E02ACA0AD0C87" type="CLB-Dataset">134452</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="B5583D95B1CA17585EF92110710ACD5B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="4C4A3EBA85169DC667DA80FA0BCF267D" type="GBIF-Dataset">3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="627A1AB940DBC33AC7CBAB54BA1BE8E6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="6AF0B428C56CE76F32B2C881D2940E84" type="Zenodo-Dep">5267833</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="0E3932B8C3FD1AF3B1D7A3DF76DD2ED0" type="ZooBank">7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="0385994AFFF9FFA89BFDFA41FED2B8C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268146" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199911030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5268146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFFF9FFA89BFDFA41FED2B8C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385994AFFF9FFA89BFDFA41FED2B8C4" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FFF9FFA79BFDFA41FBCEBCA4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFF9FFA79BFDFA41FD72BFAA" blockId="71.[151,679,1488,1514]" box="[151,679,1488,1514]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<heading id="D0DB9F30FFF9FFA79BFDFA41FD72BFAA" bold="true" box="[151,679,1488,1514]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="4">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFF9FFA79BFDFA41FD72BFAA" ID-CoL="4JSC7" authority="robustus Neave, 1910" authorityName="robustus Neave" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,679,1488,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustus" subSpecies="robustus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF9FFA79BFDFA41FD72BFAA" bold="true" box="[151,679,1488,1514]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF9FFA79BFDFA41FDDFBFAA" bold="true" box="[151,522,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Platylesches robustus robustus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA7997BFA41FD72BFAA" author="Neave" box="[529,679,1488,1514]" firstAuthor="Neave" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="2 - 86" refId="ref44641" refString="Neave, S. A. (1910) Zoological collections from Northern Rhodesia and adjacent territories: Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1910, 2 - 86, plates I - III, foldout map. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 01885. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Neave, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFF9FFA79BFDF986FBCEBCA4" blockId="71.[151,1436,1559,1836]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
This species was described from Chambeshi (=Chambezi) valley, north-east
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA79899F986FB9EBC70" box="[1011,1099,1559,1584]" name="Zambia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and the high plateau south of Lake Tanganyika (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA79A03F9AAFE21BC14" author="Neave" box="[361,500,1595,1620]" firstAuthor="Neave" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="2 - 86" refId="ref44641" refString="Neave, S. A. (1910) Zoological collections from Northern Rhodesia and adjacent territories: Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1910, 2 - 86, plates I - III, foldout map. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 01885. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Neave 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and is known from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA79989F9AAFCA1BC14" box="[739,884,1595,1620]" name="South Africa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|
to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA798F1F9AAFBD5BC14" box="[923,1024,1595,1620]" name="Tanzania" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA79F53F9AAFA49BC14" box="[1081,1436,1595,1620]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA79BF4F9CEFEFEBC38" author="Evans" box="[158,299,1631,1656]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA79A51F9CEFE36BC38" author="Kielland" box="[315,483,1631,1656]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref43661" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), with separate subspecies in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA7982CF9CEFC6FBC38" box="[838,954,1631,1656]" name="Cameroon" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF9FFA798A5F9CEFBD4BC38" box="[975,1025,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">villa</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA79F67F9F1FB48BC38" author="Evans" box="[1037,1181,1631,1656]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA79E7EF9CEFF3DBCDC" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Republic of Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF9FFA79B91F912FEF5BCDC" box="[251,288,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">fofi</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA79A40F915FDCCBCDC" author="Larsen & Mei" box="[298,537,1667,1692]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="255 - 272" refId="ref43799" refString="Larsen, T. B. & Mei, M. (1998) Butterflies from a Guinea savannah transition area, the Parc National du Haut Niger (Republic of Guinea), with description of a new subspecies of Platylesches robustus (Lepidoptera Hesperiidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130 (3), 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1998">Larsen & Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), which may well prove to be valid species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA79F4EF912FADBBCDC" author="Larsen & Mei" box="[1060,1294,1667,1692]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="255 - 272" refId="ref43799" refString="Larsen, T. B. & Mei, M. (1998) Butterflies from a Guinea savannah transition area, the Parc National du Haut Niger (Republic of Guinea), with description of a new subspecies of Platylesches robustus (Lepidoptera Hesperiidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130 (3), 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1998">Larsen & Mei 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). TCEC has found this species at Mufindi and Kihansi in the Udzungwas, and the Usondo Plateau between Mpanda and Uvinza,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA79B9CF95AFE88BCA4" box="[246,349,1739,1764]" name="Tanzania" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and it is very common in the Mutinondo Wilderness,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA798D4F95AFBC2BCA4" box="[958,1047,1739,1764]" name="Zambia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FFF9FFA89BADF97EFED2B8C4" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFF9FFA79BADF97EFDA9BD6C" blockId="71.[151,1436,1559,1836]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA79BADF97EFEA4BD48" author="Coetzer" box="[199,369,1775,1800]" firstAuthor="Coetzer" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="96 - 98" refId="ref41723" refString="Coetzer, A. (2006) Notes on the early stages of Platylesches robusta Neave, 1910 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 17, 96 - 98." type="journal article" year="2006">Coetzer (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
presents notes on the early stages of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFF9FFA79873F97EFC75BD48" authorityName="Neave" authorityYear="1910" box="[793,928,1775,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF9FFA79873F97EFC75BD48" box="[793,928,1775,1800]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Pl. robustus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but this was based on a misidentification of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFF9FFA79BFDF882FEC7BD6C" box="[151,274,1811,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF9FFA79BFDF882FEC7BD6C" box="[151,274,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(A. Coetzer pers. comm. 2010).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFF9FFA79BFDF8CAFECBBD34" blockId="71.[151,1435,1883,1980]" box="[151,286,1883,1908]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF9FFA79BFDF8CAFECBBD34" box="[151,286,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Food plants</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFF9FFA79BFDF8EEFD03BDFC" blockId="71.[151,1435,1883,1980]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF9FFA79BFDF8EEFE8DBDD8" author="Woodhall, S." bookContentInfo="440 pp." box="[151,344,1919,1944]" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref47013" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." title="Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa" type="book" year="2005">Woodhall (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggested the food plant is probably
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFF9FFA79878F811FC00BDD8" box="[786,981,1919,1944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF9FFA79878F811FC00BDD8" box="[786,981,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and this is the food plant upon which TCEC found this species in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF9FFA79AB8F832FDFDBDFC" box="[466,552,1955,1980]" name="Zambia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and elsewhere.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFF6FFA89BFDFF06FEC2BAF0" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,644]" box="[151,279,151,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF6FFA89BFDFF06FEC2BAF0" box="[151,279,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Life history</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFF6FFA89BFDFF2DFED2B8C4" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF6FFA89BFDFF2DFE44BA95" author="Congdon" box="[151,401,188,213]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="160 - 164" refId="ref41841" refString="Congdon, C., Bampton, I. & Collins, S. (2008) Early stages and larval shelters of some Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 19, 160 - 164." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Congdon
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF6FFA89A6FFF2CFEEDBA95" box="[261,312,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2008)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
describe the life history. In the early instars,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFF6FFA898F8FF2DFBCCBA95" authorityName="Neave" authorityYear="1910" box="[914,1049,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF6FFA898F8FF2DFBCCBA95" box="[914,1049,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Pl. robustus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
makes shelters similar to those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFF6FFA89BFDFF4EFED4BAB8" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,257,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shona">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF6FFA89BFDFF4EFED4BAB8" box="[151,257,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Pl. shona</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(below). However, in the final instar,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFF6FFA899D8FF4EFCECBAB8" authorityName="Neave" authorityYear="1910" box="[690,825,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF6FFA899D8FF4EFCECBAB8" box="[690,825,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Pl. robustus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
makes a chamber leaf shelter (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFF6FFA89FF3FF4EFADCBAB8" box="[1177,1289,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="72.[151,249,1212,1234]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,693,1195]" captionTargetId="figure-509@72.[151,1436,693,1195]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 80. Chamber leaf shelters of Platylesches robustus on Parinari curatellifolia, Mutinondo Wilderness, Zambia, TCEC. 1, general view showing two leaves pulled together, with silken entrance to the right, 4 Dec 2007; 2, closer view from above, 9 Jan 2008; 3, as #2 from below; 4, opened shelter showing caterpillar in shelter, anterior view, 9 Jan 2008." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5268002/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 80</figureCitation>
|
|
) by securing the cut section of leaf to the leaf below, and then bringing a part of the cut leaf round to block off the front of the chamber. It then makes a circular silk-lined entrance hole, and creates an external tunnel of silk which curves round, blocking the line of sight to the inside of the chamber (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFF6FFA89808FEDDFC03BB25" box="[866,982,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="72.[151,249,1212,1234]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,693,1195]" captionTargetId="figure-509@72.[151,1436,693,1195]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 80. Chamber leaf shelters of Platylesches robustus on Parinari curatellifolia, Mutinondo Wilderness, Zambia, TCEC. 1, general view showing two leaves pulled together, with silken entrance to the right, 4 Dec 2007; 2, closer view from above, 9 Jan 2008; 3, as #2 from below; 4, opened shelter showing caterpillar in shelter, anterior view, 9 Jan 2008." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5268002/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 80</figureCitation>
|
|
). They make both left and right handed tunnels, contrary to the earlier suggestion that only right handed tunnels are made (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF6FFA89F0FFEFEFA8FBBC8" author="Congdon" box="[1125,1370,367,392]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="160 - 164" refId="ref41841" refString="Congdon, C., Bampton, I. & Collins, S. (2008) Early stages and larval shelters of some Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 19, 160 - 164." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Congdon
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF6FFA89FBDFEE0FAD9BBC8" box="[1239,1292,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The chamber is lined with a generous layer of tough brownish silk, making it waterproof, if not bird-proof. Chambers are found among mature foliage well above the ground. The fully fed larva enters diapause for several months in the chamber before pupating, and final instar larvae from Mutinondo in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFF6FFA898BEFE4DFBF9BBB5" box="[980,1068,476,501]" name="Zambia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, collected in November, did not pupate until May and June the following year, indicating there is probably just one generation a year.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFF6FFA89E73FE6EFEDDB87D" author="Congdon" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="160 - 164" refId="ref41841" refString="Congdon, C., Bampton, I. & Collins, S. (2008) Early stages and larval shelters of some Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 19, 160 - 164." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Congdon
|
|
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFF6FFA89EE2FD90FF78B87D" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2008)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggested that the caterpillar (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFF6FFA89903FDB5FD0CB87D" box="[617,729,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="73.[151,249,1093,1115]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,177,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-244@73.[151,1436,169,1078]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 81. Final instar caterpillar of Platylesches robustus collected on Parinari curatellifolia, Mutinondo Wilderness, Zambia, TCEC. 1, lateral view, 4 Dec 2007; 2, detail of head, anterior view, as #1; 3, dorsal view, as #1; 4, ready to pupate, 4 May 2008." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5268004/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 81</figureCitation>
|
|
) is better able to defend itself against parasites and predators than a pupa would be. The pupa of this species (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFF6FFA899BCFDD6FC9DB820" box="[726,840,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="73.[151,249,1457,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1220,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-248@73.[151,1436,1220,1440]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 82. Pupa of Platylesches robustus collected on Parinari curatellifolia, Mutinondo Wilderness, Zambia, 3 Feb 2008, TCEC. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5268006/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 82</figureCitation>
|
|
) is dark brown with paler bands on the abdominal segments.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |