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<mods:title id="403B1B881FE98EFB33DDEDDD8DF1D2B1">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AA038929D7D271B5BE93C8BA67D862CE">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FF4B5E72EE979A4519E8426036252069">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AA9DAAC525219E4BECC0FA46D5B20AAF">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F4301F87423E619D32C5C8C3E664A836">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FFADFFF39BFDF9A8FE0ABC13" box="[151,479,1593,1619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFADFFF39BFDF9A8FE0ABC13" blockId="19.[151,479,1593,1619]" box="[151,479,1593,1619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0DB9F30FFADFFF39BFDF9A8FE0ABC13" bold="true" box="[151,479,1593,1619]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFADFFF39BFDF9A8FE0ABC13" ID-CoL="92JBF" authority="Holland, 1896" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,479,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFADFFF39BFDF9A8FE0ABC13" bold="true" box="[151,479,1593,1619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFADFFF39BFDF9A8FEFCBC13" bold="true" box="[151,297,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parosmodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFADFFF39A5BF9A8FE0ABC13" author="Holland" box="[305,479,1593,1619]" firstAuthor="Holland" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="2 - 107" refId="ref43303" refString="Holland, W. J. (1896) A preliminary revision and synonymic catalogue of the Hesperiidae of Africa and the adjacent islands, with descriptions of some apparently new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896, 2 - 107, plates I - V. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1896. tb 03030. x" type="journal article" year="1896">
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFADFFF39A5BF9A8FE43BC13" box="[305,406,1593,1619]" name="Netherlands" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Holland</collectingCountry>
, 1896
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFFADFFF39BFDF911FB80BD45" blockId="19.[151,1436,1664,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Of the three described species of this Afrotropical genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFADFFF3985FF911FBC7BCD9" author="Ackery" box="[821,1042,1664,1689]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ackery" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref41160" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. &amp; Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Ackery
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFADFFF398F9F910FC12BCD9" box="[915,967,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
), we have reared only
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFADFFF39E77F910FEB2BCFD" authority="morantii (Trimen)" authorityName="morantii (Trimen" authorityYear="1873" baseAuthorityName="Trimen" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="morantii" subSpecies="morantii">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFADFFF39E77F910FF22BCFC" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. morantii morantii</emphasis>
(Trimen)
</taxonomicName>
the eastern subspecies of the widespread
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFADFFF39809F934FC31BCFC" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1873" box="[867,996,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morantii">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFADFFF39809F934FC31BCFC" box="[867,996,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. morantii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFADFFF39893F935FB63BCFD" author="Vuattoux" box="[1017,1206,1700,1725]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="562 - 568" refId="ref46285" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
reared the western subspecies,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFADFFF39A75F958FDCCBCA0" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" box="[287,537,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="moranti" subSpecies="axis">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFADFFF39A75F958FE19BCA0" box="[287,460,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. moranti axis</emphasis>
Evans
</taxonomicName>
once from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFADFFF399C8F959FBBEBCA1" box="[674,1131,1736,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Combretum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosum">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFADFFF399C8F959FC7ABCA0" box="[674,943,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Combretum racemosum</emphasis>
(Combretaceae)
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFADFFF39FFEF959FAE5BCA1" box="[1172,1328,1736,1761]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Côte dIvoire</collectingCountry>
. The two subspecies will need to be separated as valid species (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2012).
</paragraph>
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