131 lines
14 KiB
XML
131 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="F8D7DA18BE4A1D7398D42A59963006DF" ID-CLB-Dataset="134452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFF9EFFC19BFDF971FD80BB25" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Andronymus caesar Fabricius 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1699144858824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B104EB93D6A67D5D50C8DE0F8B548882" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5B1E6F2B4C5F0A98F6771CEC3ACAFC49">
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<mods:title id="0B385A6BA758CC385B8FCD37D2D82077">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="20B0C5AB7FBB395DC464C1A4641BC8A9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="65B47E57DA6F445DFB164AA110B1F2C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FD5FDBC7E20B1D4F8B2D69F8BB4DAC2A">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="347C2A97FDE966EE90BB532B8A2B8ACE">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FD1CF7CB81DF9EFB6697005E8EA6C032" type="email">m.cock@cabi.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F1D752DD180D87355FA823553C490F87">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A75D3DBC68A2E5E03BC16BB19064AF2E">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="139D3624EE0C3E8FC9BDA06D921B8293">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1B7F5C89936CAEAB6BB4804CC7534B5" type="email">colin.congdon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="818F75E98425C84A987B6A49EF3986A4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="89C32535441CFC557AC94F8CC24F4337">
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<mods:date id="D27E9B7BB2F2D549422BF7ED86E059A3">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8BD4C9BF20A8453091DFF078DBA3A8A2">2013-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="41365ECD572F5CEE4F0BC637F8BECAD9">3724</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="1E413717E0338CCF2EFCDA6DF3F3E177">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="337547C96B026E29C9B110673844AD06">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="711EEEB18881DC9BF695C8CAE73A10C5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0385994AFF9EFFC19BFDF971FD80BB25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7044058" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199911015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7044058" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF9EFFC19BFDF971FD80BB25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385994AFF9EFFC19BFDF971FD80BB25" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF9EFFC09BFDF971FD9ABCBA" box="[151,591,1760,1786]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9EFFC09BFDF971FD9ABCBA" blockId="32.[151,591,1760,1786]" box="[151,591,1760,1786]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0DB9F30FF9EFFC09BFDF971FD9ABCBA" bold="true" box="[151,591,1760,1786]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9EFFC09BFDF971FD9ABCBA" ID-CoL="95VTL" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,591,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9EFFC09BFDF971FD9ABCBA" bold="true" box="[151,591,1760,1786]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9EFFC09BFDF971FE5CBCBA" bold="true" box="[151,393,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Andronymus caesar</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9EFFC09AFAF971FD9ABCBA" author="Fabricius" box="[400,591,1760,1786]" firstAuthor="Fabricius" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref42291" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Christian Gottlieb Proft, Fil. et Soc., Hafniae, 3 (1), [vi] + 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1793">Fabricius, 1793</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF9EFFC19BFDF8B6FCECBAB8" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9EFFC19BFDF8B6FCECBAB8" blockId="32.[151,1436,1830,2035]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Two subspecies are recognised: the nominate
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9EFFC099C0F8B9FD20BD7F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[682,757,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9EFFC099C0F8B9FD20BD7F" box="[682,757,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">caesar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from West Africa, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9EFFC09F61F8B6FAF4BD7F" authority="(Hopffer)" baseAuthorityName="Hopffer" box="[1035,1313,1830,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caesar" subSpecies="philander">
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ssp.
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9EFFC09F2AF8B7FB78BD7F" box="[1088,1197,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">philander</emphasis>
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(Hopffer)
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</taxonomicName>
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from East Africa. In Evans’ (1937) treatment of this species, the original
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<typeStatus id="549796FEFF9EFFC09836F8DAFC59BD23" box="[860,908,1867,1891]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
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locality of the nominate subspecies from West Africa is uncertain as
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9EFFC09AC8F8FFFDB4BDC7" author="Fabricius" box="[418,609,1902,1927]" firstAuthor="Fabricius" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref42291" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Christian Gottlieb Proft, Fil. et Soc., Hafniae, 3 (1), [vi] + 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1793">Fabricius (1793)</bibRefCitation>
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incorrectly gave the
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<typeStatus id="549796FEFF9EFFC0980EF8FEFC41BDC7" box="[868,916,1903,1927]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
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locality as ‘Indiis’. However, a painting of Fabricius’ species in Jones’ Icones (an iconotype) make it clear that Fabricius described the West African subspecies. The central, East and southern Africa subspecies,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9EFFC0982DF827FC61BD8F" box="[839,948,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philander">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9EFFC0982DF827FC61BD8F" box="[839,948,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">philander</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF9EFFC09FF1F827FAFABD8F" box="[1179,1327,1974,1999]" name="Mozambique" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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(Hoppfer 1855). Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9EFFC09A07F84AFE6DBDB2" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[365,440,2011,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9EFFC09A07F84AFE6DBDB2" box="[365,440,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">caesar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the white area of the hind wing underside tinted yellow, whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9EFFC09F97F84BFABFBDB3" box="[1277,1386,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philander">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9EFFC09F97F84BFABFBDB3" box="[1277,1386,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">philander</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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this area is usually white (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9FFFC19AFEFF06FDC9BAF0" author="Evans" box="[404,540,151,176]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
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). However, in parts of its
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF9FFFC19827FF09FC43BAF0" box="[845,918,152,176]" name="Kenya" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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range,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9FFFC19884FF09FB5ABAF0" box="[1006,1167,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caesar" subSpecies="philander">
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ssp.
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9FFFC19F48FF06FB5ABAF0" box="[1058,1167,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">philander</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also has the hind wing underside tinted yellow, as shown in
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<figureCitation id="131734D9FF9FFFC1993BFF2DFD17BA95" box="[593,706,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="36.[151,249,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,265,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-76@36.[153,1438,265,1931]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 40. Adult female Andronymus caesar caesar with strong yellow markings UNH, collected as caterpillar on unidentified host, Lower Meru Forest, 1–2 Apr 1990; adult photographed 27 Apr, 90/32F. 1, wings partially open, showing upperside; 2, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267920/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 40</figureCitation>
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of a specimen reared from Lower
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<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF9FFFC19F0CFF2DFB76BA93" box="[1126,1187,188,211]" country="Kenya" name="Meru" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Meru</collectingRegion>
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Forest, and noted as common around Mt
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF9FFFC19A16FF71FE10BAB8" box="[380,453,224,248]" name="Kenya" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2012).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF9FFFC19BADFE95FD80BB25" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9FFFC19BADFE95FD80BB25" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9FFFC19BADFE95FE7FBB5D" author="Ackery" box="[199,426,260,285]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ackery" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref41160" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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Ackery
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9FFFC19A4AFE94FE84BB5D" box="[288,337,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
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. (1995)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9FFFC19A8AFE95FDABBB5D" author="Larsen" box="[480,638,260,285]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. & 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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include food plant records for both subspecies together; however, their records are derived from other works, which can be attributed to subspecies, and the food plants of the two subspecies are treated separately below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |