160 lines
20 KiB
XML
160 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="3A03DC5080AD1234288508337C37F37B" ID-CLB-Dataset="134452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFF84FFDB9BFDF94FFC22BBB4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Platylesches ayresii Trimen 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1699144858824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="44BECF909DD901F7DDDED5F6B25296B3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1E65C15F86BE085F948847BAE084777D">
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<mods:title id="1844829F4184EC1A30F307495692079C">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C4234EA98181AAB6D5E9A9881ACD2AFF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="21DF37F8CB574AC5AED0A46C44AC7CCB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E3583F7DB54FAC3D390779FFE1036F52">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="86CA023F4D57090B2F360B93D3DF1857">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1AA7FC67175594C700A249219179F9D" type="email">m.cock@cabi.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3FAA0045B0782F3FAAF758AAD341DE5F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FA7CD52AA37A580AFD1C8AB281D8FF22">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB28F467F9BD48CD0767ED323F588922">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="247BCEB4120979E4717683FA255A1943" type="email">colin.congdon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1FDDFBAFD94B3FF246F6D207EA9FAEA7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C3D1FF8166658E18346EC9E2A5E1EAAB">
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<mods:date id="74778D43619DA13F7BE56F81243B7111">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B39CE4C5118A6DC84F59FB20AE7D3C87">2013-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C2034F3B555D4143ECFA94DEB02BB729">3724</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="369B4F3B5AE8BA83F397C1D0E218B5C9">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3CF86FAA37EE572036AE4C9A239FF194">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="0385994AFF84FFDB9BFDF94FFC22BBB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7044086" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199911035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7044086" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF84FFDB9BFDF94FFC22BBB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385994AFF84FFDB9BFDF94FFC22BBB4" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF84FFDA9BFDF94FFDFABCB8" box="[151,559,1758,1784]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF84FFDA9BFDF94FFDFABCB8" blockId="58.[151,559,1758,1784]" box="[151,559,1758,1784]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="D0DB9F30FF84FFDA9BFDF94FFDFABCB8" bold="true" box="[151,559,1758,1784]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9BFDF94FFDFABCB8" ID-CoL="4JSBN" authority="Trimen, 1889" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,559,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayresii">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9BFDF94FFDFABCB8" bold="true" box="[151,559,1758,1784]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9BFDF94FFE57BCB8" bold="true" box="[151,386,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Platylesches ayresii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF84FFDA9AE3F94FFDFABCB8" author="Trimen" box="[393,559,1758,1784]" firstAuthor="Trimen" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="10 - 12" refId="ref46006" refString="Trimen, R. (1889) South-African butterflies: a monograph of the extra-tropical species. Vol. III. Papilionidae and Hesperidae. Trubner & Co., Ludgate Hill, London, 438 pp, plates 10 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1889">Trimen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF84FFDA9BADF8B5FBFCBDB1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF84FFDA9BADF8B5FBFCBDB1" blockId="58.[151,1436,1828,2033]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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This species is found in southern Africa, from southern
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9838F8B5FC3CBD7D" box="[850,1001,1828,1853]" name="Mozambique" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA989CF8B4FBB1BD7C" box="[1014,1124,1829,1852]" name="Botswana" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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and northern
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9E63F8B5FA4EBD7D" box="[1289,1435,1828,1853]" name="South Africa" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF84FFDA9BF4F8D9FEFCBD21" author="Evans" box="[158,297,1864,1889]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
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), in dry grassland. TCEC and colleagues found caterpillars of this species commonly on windswept stony hillsides with short grass and patches of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA99AEF8FCFC82BDC4" box="[708,855,1901,1924]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA99AEF8FCFC82BDC4" box="[708,855,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pa. capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in north-eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9F48F8FDFB63BDC5" box="[1058,1206,1900,1925]" name="South Africa" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(near Krugersdorp, Hillshaven and Magaliesberg,
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<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF84FFDA9A87F801FD63BDE9" box="[493,694,1936,1961]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Gauteng province</collectingRegion>
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) in
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<date id="FF920E9CFF84FFDA9988F801FC4EBDE9" box="[738,923,1936,1961]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2008-09">September 2008</date>
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, along with those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9FECF801FB36BDE9" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1158,1251,1936,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neba">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9FECF801FB36BDE9" box="[1158,1251,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pl. neba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9E70F801FA40BDE9" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[1306,1429,1936,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9E70F801FA40BDE9" box="[1306,1429,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This is a chamber making species, with a similar eating pattern to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA98A0F825FBC8BD8C" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[970,1053,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tina">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA98A0F825FBC8BD8C" box="[970,1053,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pl. tina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9F41F825FB2BBD8D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[1067,1278,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langa">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9F41F825FB2BBD8D" box="[1067,1278,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Platylesches langa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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treated below was originally described as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9914F849FD24BDB1" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1889" box="[638,753,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayresii">Pl. ayresii</taxonomicName>
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, and the two are very close.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF85FFDB9BFDFF06FC22BBB4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFF06FECBBAF0" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[151,286,151,176]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9BFDFF06FECBBAF0" box="[151,286,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Food plants</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFF2DFE75BB5D" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9BFDFF2DFE80BA95" author="Woodhall, S. E." box="[151,341,188,213]" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="127 - 131" part="5" refId="ref47039" refString="Woodhall, S. E. (1994) Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 5, 127 - 131, plate 4." title="Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" type="journal article" year="1994">Woodhall (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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lists
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9AFAFF2CFDCBBA94" box="[400,542,189,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9AFAFF2CFDCBBA94" box="[400,542,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pa. capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the food plant, based on an observation by M.C. Williams, and this record is repeated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9A4BFF4EFDC7BAB8" author="Henning, G. A. & Henning, S. F." box="[289,530,223,248]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. & Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
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Henning
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9AE2FF70FE6FBAB8" box="[392,442,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. (1997)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9920FF4EFCDEBAB8" author="Woodhall, S." bookContentInfo="440 pp." box="[586,779,223,248]" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref47013" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." title="Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa" type="book" year="2005">Woodhall (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B442201FF85FFDB987CFF4EFE49BB5D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897581305" collectionCode="TCEC" country="South Africa" location="Gauteng Province" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gauteng">
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<collectionCode id="ED3DB099FF85FFDB987CFF4EFC8BBAB8" box="[790,862,223,248]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">TCEC</collectionCode>
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also found caterpillars
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<collectedFrom id="38306BA1FF85FFDB9F0DFF71FACDBAB7" box="[1127,1304,224,248]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9FE0FF70FACDBAB7" box="[1162,1304,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9FE0FF70FACDBAB7" box="[1162,1304,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pa. capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</collectedFrom>
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in
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<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF85FFDB9E57FF4EFF28BB5D" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gauteng Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9A62FE95FE49BB5D" box="[264,412,260,285]" name="South Africa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFEDDFEC2BB25" blockId="59.[151,1436,332,501]" box="[151,279,332,357]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9BFDFEDDFEC2BB25" box="[151,279,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Life history</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFEFEFC22BBB4" blockId="59.[151,1436,332,501]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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The life history has been documented with photographs. The caterpillars make a robust tubular chamber shelter (
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<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9BF4FE05FEF2BBED" box="[158,295,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="60.[151,249,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-251@60.[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 64. Early stages of Platylesches ayresii on Parinari capensis, South Africa, TCEC. 1, leaf shelter of second instar caterpillar, Krugersdorf, 9 Oct 2010; 2, leaf shelter of pupa, view of the entrance and valve, 12 Dec 2010, Krugersdorp; 3, penultimate instar caterpillar, frontal view of head, 23 Sep 2008, Krugersdorp; 4, caterpillar, frontal view, undated, Krugersdorp; 5, pupa, dorsal view, 1 Oct 2008, Krugersdorp; 6, pupa lateral view, as #4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267970/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 64.1</figureCitation>
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), in which it pupates, when the entrance is protected with a valve of about 12 long triangular flaps (
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<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9BF4FE26FEFCBB90" box="[158,297,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="60.[151,249,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-251@60.[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 64. Early stages of Platylesches ayresii on Parinari capensis, South Africa, TCEC. 1, leaf shelter of second instar caterpillar, Krugersdorf, 9 Oct 2010; 2, leaf shelter of pupa, view of the entrance and valve, 12 Dec 2010, Krugersdorp; 3, penultimate instar caterpillar, frontal view of head, 23 Sep 2008, Krugersdorp; 4, caterpillar, frontal view, undated, Krugersdorp; 5, pupa, dorsal view, 1 Oct 2008, Krugersdorp; 6, pupa lateral view, as #4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267970/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 64.2</figureCitation>
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). The final instar head capsule is diffusely marked in red-brown on dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9FBBFE26FA8EBB90" box="[1233,1371,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="60.[151,249,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-251@60.[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 64. Early stages of Platylesches ayresii on Parinari capensis, South Africa, TCEC. 1, leaf shelter of second instar caterpillar, Krugersdorf, 9 Oct 2010; 2, leaf shelter of pupa, view of the entrance and valve, 12 Dec 2010, Krugersdorp; 3, penultimate instar caterpillar, frontal view of head, 23 Sep 2008, Krugersdorp; 4, caterpillar, frontal view, undated, Krugersdorp; 5, pupa, dorsal view, 1 Oct 2008, Krugersdorp; 6, pupa lateral view, as #4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267970/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 64.4</figureCitation>
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). The pupa (
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<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9BB6FE4DFEA9BBB5" box="[220,380,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="60.[151,249,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-251@60.[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 64. Early stages of Platylesches ayresii on Parinari capensis, South Africa, TCEC. 1, leaf shelter of second instar caterpillar, Krugersdorf, 9 Oct 2010; 2, leaf shelter of pupa, view of the entrance and valve, 12 Dec 2010, Krugersdorp; 3, penultimate instar caterpillar, frontal view of head, 23 Sep 2008, Krugersdorp; 4, caterpillar, frontal view, undated, Krugersdorp; 5, pupa, dorsal view, 1 Oct 2008, Krugersdorp; 6, pupa lateral view, as #4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267970/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 64.5–6</figureCitation>
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) is dark grey except for the abdomen which is pale grey.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |