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<mods:title id="C3DC68EBA2C0E2F74F7DF8EA226E4262">Molecular evidence for deeper diversity in Australian Tanypodinae (Chironomidae): Yarrhpelopia and related new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="A9182CF63457589E0E70A3B4DD2EA69C">Quality Management Section, Forensic Services Group, Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia &amp; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="9556B29714731EA0370C7F86ED2D8793">School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia &amp; Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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Cranston &amp; Krosch
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(
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)
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[‘? 
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’ (part) 
<bibRefCitation id="E22FEEFC1104C646D9AA8978FDF6FD8D" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[411,562,527,551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref15367" refString="Cranston, P. S. (1996) Identification Guide to the Chironomidae of New South Wales. AWT Identification Guide No. 1. Australian Water Technologies Pty Ltd, West Ryde, New South Wales, 376 pp." type="book" year="1996">Cranston 1996</bibRefCitation>
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P 
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(collected Cranston unless stated otherwise, deposited 
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<collectingMunicipality id="666509771104C646D94E8992FE5BFD55" box="[383,415,741,767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pe</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8361C5D61104C646D99E8992FDDDFD55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E17221B1104C64AD8A68AF0FB34FB0B:8361C5D61104C646D99E8992FDDDFD55" box="[431,537,741,767]" country="Australia" latitude="-18.333334" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="146.05" municipality="Pe" name="Cardwell" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Queensland">Cardwell</location>
, 5 
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646DA718992FD6FFD55" box="[576,683,741,767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mile Ck.</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DA8B8992FCD3FD55" box="[698,791,741,767]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-18.333334">18°20’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DB108992FC54FD55" box="[801,912,741,767]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="146.05">146°03’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DBAE8992FBE7FD55" box="[927,1059,741,767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1997-04-01" valueMax="1997-04-04" valueMin="1997-04-01">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646DBAE8992FBE7FD55" box="[927,1059,741,767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1997-04-01" valueMax="1997-04-04" valueMin="1997-04-01">1–4.iv.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
[P 
<specimenCount id="90B858841104C646DC768991FB98FCAA" box="[1095,1116,742,768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
to ZSM]; Pe, Fitch Hatton Gorge, 
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646D8DA887EFE83FC8E" box="[235,327,777,804]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-21.083334">21°05’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646D97F887EFE78FC89" box="[334,444,777,803]" degrees="148" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="148.61667">148°37’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="90B858841104C646D9F6887EFDD1FC8E" box="[455,533,777,804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">
<quantity id="41463EE81104C646D9F6887EFDD5FC8E" box="[455,529,777,804]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
asl, 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DA78887EFD02FC89" box="[585,710,777,803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1998-03-22">22.iii.1998</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F6885AFB1CFC1E" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="36D699501104C646D8F6885AFB19FCED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068355310" box="[199,1245,813,840]" collectingDate="1988-05-28" collectingDateMax="1993-05-27" collectingDateMin="1988-05-28" county="Pe" latitude="-13.5" location="Podocarpus" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.5" municipality="Arnhem Land" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Northern Territory">
<collectingRegion id="447A5DEF1104C646D8F6885AFE51FCED" box="[199,405,813,839]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="6F60EB811104C646D9AE8859FE7AFCE2" box="[415,446,814,840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pe</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="666509771104C646D9F4885AFDA6FCED" box="[453,610,813,839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Arnhem Land</collectingMunicipality>
, ‘ 
<location id="8361C5D61104C646DA41885AFD3CFCED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E17221B1104C64AD8A68AF0FB34FB0B:8361C5D61104C646DA41885AFD3CFCED" box="[624,760,813,839]" county="Pe" latitude="-13.5" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.5" municipality="Arnhem Land" name="Podocarpus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Northern Territory">Podocarpus</location>
canyon’, 
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DB55885AFC04FCED" box="[868,960,813,839]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-12.65">12°39’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DBF4885AFBF7FCED" box="[965,1075,813,839]" degrees="133" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="133.43333">133°26’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DC0C885AFB1CFCED" box="[1085,1240,813,839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-05-18" valueMax="1992-05-19" valueMin="1992-05-18">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646DC0C885AFB1CFCED" box="[1085,1240,813,839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-05-18" valueMax="1992-05-19" valueMin="1992-05-18">18–19.v.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="36D699501104C646DCD3885AFC1BFCC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068355320" collectingDate="1988-05-28" collectingDateMax="1993-05-27" collectingDateMin="1988-05-28" county="Pe" latitude="-13.5" location="Podocarpus" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.5" municipality="Arnhem Land" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Northern Territory">
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646DCD3885AFAB4FCE2" box="[1250,1392,813,840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kakadu N.P.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646DD488859FF6AFCC6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pe, U</collectorName>
. Magela Ck., below 
<location id="8361C5D61104C646D9A28826FD47FCC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E17221B1104C64AD8A68AF0FB34FB0B:8361C5D61104C646D9A28826FD47FCC1" box="[403,643,849,875]" county="Pe" latitude="-13.5" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.5" municipality="Arnhem Land" name="Bowerbird Billabong" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Northern Territory">Bowerbird Billabong</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DABC8826FD2DFCC1" box="[653,745,849,875]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-12.783334">12°47’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DAC18826FC9AFCC1" box="[752,862,849,875]" degrees="133" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="133.05">133°03’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DB588826FC1FFCC1" box="[873,987,849,875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1988-05-28">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646DB588826FC1FFCC1" box="[873,987,849,875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1988-05-28">28.v.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="36D699501104C646DBD78826FD8EFC1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068355313" collectingDate="1988-05-28" collectingDateMax="1993-05-27" collectingDateMin="1988-05-28" collectorName="M. Smith" county="Pe" latitude="-13.5" location="Podocarpus" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.5" municipality="Arnhem Land" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Northern Territory">
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646DBD78826FB07FCC1" box="[998,1219,849,875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rockhole Mine Ck.</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DCFF8826FAEEFCC1" box="[1230,1322,849,875]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-13.5">13°30’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DD008826FA58FCC1" box="[1329,1436,849,875]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="132.5">132°30’E</geoCoordinate>
(
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1104C646D8908801FECDFC25" box="[161,265,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646D8908801FECDFC25" box="[161,265,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. Smith</collectorName>
</emphasis>
); 2 
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646D9008802FE94FC25" box="[305,336,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pe</collectorName>
, 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646D96F8802FE13FC25" box="[350,471,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-04-22">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646D96F8802FE13FC25" box="[350,471,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-04-22">22.iv.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646D9D48801FDE2FC25" box="[485,550,885,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pe, P</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90B858841104C646DA018802FD85FC25" box="[560,577,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DA6B8802FD14FC25" box="[602,720,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-04-29">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646DA6B8802FD14FC25" box="[602,720,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-04-29">29.iv.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
[
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646DAD08801FCC4FC3A" box="[737,768,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pe</collectorName>
to ZSM], 
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646DB4C8801FC7AFC25" box="[893,958,885,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pe, P</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90B858841104C646DBF98802FC1DFC25" box="[968,985,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DBC38802FB90FC25" box="[1010,1108,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-05-06">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646DBC38802FB90FC25" box="[1010,1108,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-05-06">6.v.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646DC528801FB60FC25" box="[1123,1188,885,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pe, P</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90B858841104C646DC9C8802FB79FC25" box="[1197,1213,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DCE08802FA85FC25" box="[1233,1345,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-05-20">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646DCE08802FA85FC25" box="[1233,1345,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-05-20">20.v.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 3P(
<specimenCount id="90B858841104C646DD4C8802FA49FC25" box="[1405,1421,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646D8A688EEFEC2FC19" box="[151,262,921,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-05-27">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646D8A688EEFEC2FC19" box="[151,262,921,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-05-27">27.v.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
(all 
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1104C646D90888EDFE5AFC19" box="[313,414,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectorName id="2B4BF6DB1104C646D90888EDFE5AFC19" box="[313,414,921,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. Smith</collectorName>
</emphasis>
) [P 
<specimenCount id="90B858841104C646D9FA88EDFE18FC1E" box="[459,476,922,948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
to ZSM];
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="36D699501104C646DA6088EDFB17FC1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068355317" box="[593,1235,921,948]" collectingDate="1988-05-28" collectingDateMax="1993-05-27" collectingDateMin="1988-05-28" collectorName="Hardwick" county="Pe" latitude="-13.5" location="Podocarpus" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.5" municipality="Arnhem Land" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Northern Territory">
Pe, same location, 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DB1588EEFC58FC1E" box="[804,924,921,948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-04-25">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646DB1588EEFC58FC1E" box="[804,924,921,948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-04-25">25.iv.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2Pe, 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DBD188EEFB8EFC19" box="[992,1098,921,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-06-03">
<collectingDate id="E2444C251104C646DBD188EEFB8EFC19" box="[992,1098,921,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-06-03">3.vi.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1104C646DC6B88EEFB03FC19" box="[1114,1223,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hardwick</emphasis>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F688CAFB97FC51" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Unassociated larvae: 3L, as above, Rockhole Mine Ck., 
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DB7088CAFC59FC7D" box="[833,925,957,983]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-13.5">13°30’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1104C646DB9588CAFBD6FC7D" box="[932,1042,957,983]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="132.5">132°30’E</geoCoordinate>
,. 
<date id="F200B5CD1104C646DC1388CAFBB5FC7D" box="[1058,1137,957,983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-05">v.1993</date>
(
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1104C646DCB388C9FB23FC7D" box="[1154,1255,957,983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. Smith</emphasis>
). L, 
<collectingRegion id="447A5DEF1104C646DD2E88C9FF1BFC51" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: nr Tallong, Barber’s Ck. (
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1104C646DA3B8896FD66FC51" box="[522,674,993,1019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sydney Water</emphasis>
), viewed previously, now unavailable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA4C0861104C64AD8F68F72FCDFFF53" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F68F72FCC5FB8A" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" box="[199,769,1029,1056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1104C646D8F68F72FE95FBB5" bold="true" box="[199,337,1029,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1104C646D9518F72FE21FBB5" bold="true" box="[352,485,1029,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Adult male</emphasis>
(n=4, pharate/dissected).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F68F5EFC67FBCD" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Teneral body length ~ 
<quantity id="41463EE81104C646D9F58F5EFDCDFBEE" box="[452,521,1065,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, abdomen 
<quantity id="41463EE81104C646DAB68F5EFD09FBEE" box="[647,717,1065,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, wing length ~ 
<quantity id="41463EE81104C646DB4B8F5EFC05FBEE" box="[890,961,1065,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
. Thorax yellow-brown, scutal vittae midbrown, scutellum darker brown; antennal plume and legs pale yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F68F06FB6AFB52" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Head. Antenna with terminal flagellomere 50 long, with tapered or rounded apex, 2.5–3 × as long as broad, with terminal seta 50–60 long (
<figureCitation id="1E858F881104C646D9888FE2FDD6FB05" box="[441,530,1173,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
); penultimate flagellomere 4.5–6× terminal flagellomere; A.R. 3.4–3.5. Eye bare, with dorsomedial extension of 6 ommatidia. Temporal setae 11–14 aligned continuous with inner verticals, none dorso–laterally. Clypeal setae 13–16. Palp (2–4) 30, 64, 85, 116. Pedicel with 4 aligned setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F68E76FD39FA2D" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thorax. Antepronotal setae 1–3; acrostichals ~15–24, unevenly uni-biserial between vittae ending in anterior prescutellar field; dorsocentrals ~24–42, arising with cluster in anterior humeral field, multiserial in humeral area, =/- uni-biserial between vittae, expanded nearer to scutellum; supraalars 0; prealars 14–15 bi/multiserial, extending anteriorly more than usual; scutellars 12–14, scattered.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F68EE6FF3DF9BD" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Wing. Membrane unpatterned, densely setose in all cells and all veins. Continuous row of near hyaline, bluntended 40 long setae (
<figureCitation id="1E858F881104C646D9BD8EC2FE20FA65" box="[396,484,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) running from base of vein R to apex of R 
<subScript id="1A3A91481104C646DBE28EBFFC1FFA7C" attach="left" box="[979,987,1480,1494]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
observed in 1 intact wing, not in other abraded wings. Venation and VR not determinable on teneral uninflated wing. Anal lobe not determined. Squamal setae 18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F68D55FE5DF90D" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Legs. All teneral/pharate, only P 
<subScript id="1A3A91481104C646DA098D43FD84F9E8" attach="left" box="[568,576,1588,1602]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
lengths and ratios calculated: 350, 360, 330, 210, 160, 120, 100; LR 
<subScript id="1A3A91481104C646DD628D43FA9FF9E8" attach="left" box="[1363,1371,1588,1602]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
0.91, BV 
<subScript id="1A3A91481104C646D88F8D2FFF02F9CC" attach="left" box="[190,198,1624,1638]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
2.06, SV 
<subScript id="1A3A91481104C646D91C8D2FFEF1F9CC" attach="left" box="[301,309,1624,1638]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
2.15. Tibial spurs sinuous, each with 2–5 short lateral teeth and 0–several denticles (
<figureCitation id="1E858F881104C646DCE88D32FAF4F9F5" box="[1241,1328,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
): lengths; P 
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35–40; P 
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28–30, 28–30; P 
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52–63, 35. Without tibial comb. Claws very slender, sinuous curved, distally pointed, simple. Pulvilli absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F68DC6FECCF809" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="1E858F881104C646D95B8DC6FE00F961" box="[362,452,1713,1739]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Tergite IX setose, dorsally with paired clusters, ventrally with median and lateral clusters; “anal point” present, hyaline, not illustrated. Gonocoxite 75–85 long, cylindrical, beset with dense setae on dorsal and lateral surface, extending only slightly beyond base of gonostylus; proximal dorso-medial surface with demarcated oval area of dense, mid-lengthed, medially-directed setae; posterior and lateral to this area, dense long setae are directed postero-laterally/medially. Gonostylus 60–70 long, with swollen base, strongly tapering, microtrichiose without longer setae, megaseta 8–12 long. Phallapodeme slender 50 long, sternapodeme slender, inverted V-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1104C646D8F68CDAFB61F846" blockId="6.[151,1437,597,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1104C646D8F68CDAFEA7F86D" bold="true" box="[199,355,1965,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Adult female</emphasis>
(n=6, all pharate/dissected). Body length ~ 
<quantity id="41463EE81104C646DB638CDAFC69F862" box="[850,941,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, abdomen ~ 
<quantity id="41463EE81104C646DC098CDAFB56F862" box="[1080,1170,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, wing length ~ 
<quantity id="41463EE81104C646DD0F8CDAFA5DF862" box="[1342,1433,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
. Yellow-brown, scutal vittae and scutellum mid-brown. Antennal plume and legs pale yellow.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2C1C3851105C647D8A68C03FEA2F852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4635656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635656/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,198,1908,1932]" targetBox="[175,1421,197,1873]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8601930D1105C647D8A68C03FEA2F852" blockId="7.[151,1436,1908,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1105C647D8A68C03FF22F826" bold="true" box="[151,230,1908,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIG. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1105C647D8DE8C03FE1FF826" authority="Cranston" authorityName="Cranston. Extensive" authorityYear="2017" box="[239,475,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1105C647D8DE8C03FEB7F826" box="[239,371,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Yarrhpelopia</emphasis>
Cranston
</taxonomicName>
, Pupa, Larva. A–C, Thoracic horns; D, E, Anal lobes (left side only); F–H, Submenta; I–K, Mandibles; L, ventral head; M, antennal apex; N, Ligula, paraligula; O, Pecten hypopharyngis. A, E, F, 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1105C647DC9F8CEEFACFF81A" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2017" box="[1198,1291,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norrisi">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1105C647DC9F8CEEFACFF81A" box="[1198,1291,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Y. norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, type locality; B, I, 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1105C647D8F88CCAFEE2F87E" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2017" box="[201,294,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norrisi">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1105C647D8F88CCAFEE2F87E" box="[201,294,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Y. norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var ‘’ST1’; D, G, 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1105C647D9EE8CCAFDF8F87E" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2017" box="[479,572,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norrisi">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1105C647D9EE8CCAFDF8F87E" box="[479,572,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Y. norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. “genus D”; C, K–O, 
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1105C647DB0F8CCAFC95F87E" box="[830,849,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Y.</emphasis>
‘V20’. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D2C1C385110AC648D8A68C5BFEFBF852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" subCaptionStartIDs="8.[874,1022,1980,2004]" subCaptionStarts="Abbr" targetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8601930D110AC648D8A68C5BFEFBF852" blockId="8.[151,1437,1836,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F110AC648D8A68C5BFF1AF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,222,1836,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIG. 3</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E110AC648D8D88C5BFE03F8EE" authority="Cranston &amp; Krosch &amp; Baker, 2021" authorityName="Cranston &amp; Krosch &amp; Baker" authorityYear="2021" box="[233,455,1836,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acorona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F110AC648D8D88C5BFE03F8EE" box="[233,455,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Yarrhpelopia acorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F110AC648D9FC8C5BFDC2F8EE" bold="true" box="[461,518,1836,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFF9F264110AC648D9FC8C5BFDC2F8EE" box="[461,518,1836,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Adult male. A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R 
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; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P 
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(♀), (Right) inner and outer P 
<subScript id="1A3A9148110AC648D9EE8C17FE22F8C4" attach="left" box="[479,486,1888,1902]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</subScript>
(♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68BE0FBACFEB7" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head.Antenna with 4 setae on scape, 6–8 on pedicel; with 11 flagellomeres, terminal flagellomere 90–115 long, abruptly tapered to narrow blunt apex, with terminal seta 0–30% longer than terminal flagellomere; A.R. 0.29–0.31; eyes bare, separated medially by 2–3 ommatidia. Temporal setae 10–12 continuous with uniserial 5–7 inner verticals. Clypeal setae 9–13. Palp segment lengths (2–5): 30–37, 60–75, 85–105, 125–160.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68A50FB43FE07" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thorax. Some thoracic setae (esp. scutellars) stout and long, up to ~200. Antepronotal setae 3; acrostichals 29–34, uni-biserial between the vittae ending in anterior prescutellar field; dorsocentrals 32–42, anteriorly commencing with cluster in anteriormost humeral field, multiserial from humeral area, =/- uni-biserial in broader area towards scutellum; supraalars 0; prealars bi/multiserial 9–15; scutellars 22–26 multiserial.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68AC0FC81FE5F" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Wing. Membrane unpatterned, densely setose with long setae in all cells and all veins (without distinctive setae on R veins). Anal lobe not determined. Squamal setae 16–18.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68A88FB8CFDCB" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Legs. All teneral/pharate, lengths and ratios incalculable. Tibial spurs sinuous, each with 2–5 lateral fine teeth exemplified on P 
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(
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D9588954FE62FD97" box="[361,422,547,573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 3</figureCitation>
, left) and few small fine hairs, lengths; P 
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45–50; P 
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29–43, 25–27; P 
<subScript id="1A3A9148110BC649DC968942FB6BFDE9" attach="left" box="[1191,1199,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</subScript>
43–47, 25–27. Without tibial comb. Claws fine, slender, curved, distally pointed, simple; pulvilli absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F6891CFAFAFD5B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Genitalia. Gonocoxapodeme VIII pale-brown, gently curved. Gonapophysis VIII triangular with a tapering distally rounded microtrichiose lobe. Gonotergite IX without setae. Notum thin, 110–132 long, 3x seminal capsule length, free part of rami pale. Tergite IX thin, non-setose. Postgenital plate large bearing small globular cerci, 30 x 30. Three ovoid / globular seminal capsules, 40 long, 30 wide; spermathecal ducts bare, ending separately.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F6898CFCF3FC93" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F110BC649D8F6898CFEC1FCBF" bold="true" box="[199,261,763,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pupa</emphasis>
(n=10, including some pharate). Length 
<quantity id="41463EE8110BC649DAE6898DFCA6FCBF" box="[727,866,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="5.2">5.2–6.8 mm</quantity>
, colour varying from mid yellow to darker golden yellow, transverse apophyses distinct, mid-yellow to darker.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68834FCBFFB9F" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Thoracic horn (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D94D8834FE33FCF7" box="[380,503,835,861]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3E, F</figureCitation>
) tubular, of variable shape: 
<typeStatus id="59052DAF110BC649DB758834FC62FCF7" box="[836,934,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
360 long, 100 wide, near parallel-sided to slightly broadening distally, plastron plate ovoid 160 long, 45% length of horn, respiratory atrium 50–60% width of stem (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D8CA88FCFE96FC0F" box="[251,338,907,933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); Rockhole Mine Ck shorter, 250–270 long, less broadened distally, 45 wide at base, 55 at widest (subapex); plastron plate ovoid, 75–88 x 55–60, ~30% length of horn (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649DB9088D8FC31FC63" box="[929,1013,943,969]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
); corona absent, externally with dense well developed spines, separated or with fused bases in tropical specimens; respiratory atrium lacking internal structuring, occupying ~70–80% of horn width, tubular until constricted at connection to plastron plate. Thoracic comb of ~12 small blunt tubercles varying in size, in single uneven row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68F48FA46FAA7" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D9778F48FE5BFBF3" box="[326,415,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
) with somewhat squat segments, with strong scar on I, distinct apophyses, and prominent dense, strong, simple spinules (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D9CB8F14FD90FBD7" box="[506,596,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
), with posterior transverse band of stronger darker spinules on a darkened background in tropical specimens, fainter in temperate specimens. Anal lobe triangular 245–280 long, 140–160 wide at base, distally a slightly but distinctly offset triangular point; setae of anal lobe rather narrow, inserted at ~40 and 55% of length respectively; mediolaterally with simple spinules, some extending to margin (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649DCD58FB8FAF7FB43" box="[1252,1331,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
). Genital sacs triangular in male, 75–80% length of anal lobe, in female rounded and very small, ~30–40% of lobe length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68E60FCD1FA37" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F110BC649D8F68E60FED4FA9B" bold="true" box="[199,272,1303,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Larva</emphasis>
(n=1). Head length 600; tapering, cephalic ratio (l:w) 77%, pale yellow with occipital margin deeper yellow. Cephalic setation (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D98F8E4CFDD0FAFF" box="[446,532,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
) dorsally conventional for 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E110BC649DB718E4CFC16FAFF" authorityName="Cranston. Extensive" authorityYear="2017" box="[832,978,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F110BC649DB718E4CFC16FAFF" box="[832,978,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Yarrhpelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with S7, S8, and DP near aligned at ~90° to A–P axis, S5 slightly anterior to alignment; ventrally with S9, S10 and VP proximate in triangular arrangement, SSm posteriormost, significantly distant from remainder.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68ED0FB8EF9A3" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D9048ED0FE41FA6B" box="[309,389,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
). ~50% head length, 3× mandible length, segment lengths: 260: 55: 6: 4; A.R. 3.8, ring organ at mid–point; basal segment ~10× as long as basal width; blade bifid, inner narrow branch 60, outer dilate branch 64. Style very small 2–3; Lauterborn organ slender extending beyond antennal apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68D64FBC9F9FB" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Mandible (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D9728D64FE58F987" box="[323,412,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
) gently curved, 110 long, with bluntly tapering apical tooth, short, barely projecting inner tooth, and weakly protruding rounded mola from which seta subdentalis arises.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68D2CFAEBF94B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Ligula (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D9138D2CFEBCF9DF" box="[290,376,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
) with 5 teeth in concave row, apices of middle teeth directed slightly laterally; ligula gently broadened from midpoint; darkened apical teeth to 33% of ligula, area of muscle attachment occupying basal 20– 25%. Paraligula bifid, with outer branch 50% length of ligula, inner shorter. Pecten hypopharyngis (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649DCCF8DD4FA9EF917" box="[1278,1370,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
) with 16 distinct teeth, transversely orientated in gentle arc with innermost tooth longest and directed medially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68D9CFE1FF8E7" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Maxillary palp (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D94C8D9CFE12F8AF" box="[381,470,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
) with distinct basal section, 25 long, flexible membranous at connection to main segment 50 long; ring organ at c 50–55% from base; crown 20 long with short setae and sensilla including 2–segmented b-seta with unequal sections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC649D8F68C20FCB5F813" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Submentum (
<figureCitation id="1E858F88110BC649D96F8C20FE72F8DB" box="[350,438,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[176,1410,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. Yarrhpelopia acorona sp. n. Adult male.A, Antennal apex; B, Setae of wing veins R, R1; C, Spurs on tibial apex, (Left) P1 (♀), (Right) inner and outer P3 (♂); D, Hypopygium, left, dorsal (overlying ‘anal point’ omitted), right, stylised semi-ventral. Pupa. E, Thoracic horn (holotype); F, Thoracic horn, comb (Rockhole Mine Ck.); G, Dorsal abdomen; H, Tergite IV spinulation (‘shagreen’), detail; I, Anal lobe. Larva. J, Antenna, blade, apex; K., Mandible, L, Ligula, paraligulae; M, Pecten hypopharyngis; N, Maxillary palp; O, Mentum, submentum, ventral, right side dorsal. Abbreviations: S5–S10 cephalic setae, DP – dorsal pit, VP – ventral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
) anteriorly with ‘creases’ of lighter sclerotisation. Dorsomentum, M appendage and vesicles very reduced or indistinguishable. Pseudoradula very broad, 50 wide, densely micro-granulose non-aligned posteriorly without contact to ventral hypopharyngeal apodemes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D110BC64AD8F68CB4FCDFFF53" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,150,1185]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Abdomen. Body without fringe of swim setae. Anterior parapod claws simple, pale. Anal tubules not distinguishable. Procercus pale, unicoloured, ~4.5× as long as wide (140 × 25–28), with 8 mostly broken anal setae, max length 400. Subbasal seta of posterior parapod simple, ~270 long. Posterior parapods yellow, all conventionally simple, except the shortest that is a strong flattened hook.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA4C0861108C64AD8F68A74FCE5FEEB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8601930D1108C64AD8F68A74FCE5FEEB" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64AD8F68A74FDF9FEB6" bold="true" box="[199,573,258,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology (Derivatio nominis).</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADB148A74FC45FEB6" authorityName="Cranston &amp; Krosch &amp; Baker" authorityYear="2021" box="[805,897,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acorona">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADB148A74FC45FEB6" box="[805,897,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">acorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the diagnostic lack of any corona in the pupal thoracic horn. To be treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA4C0861108C64AD8F68A3CFB34FB0B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8601930D1108C64AD8F68A3CFB94FD97" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64AD8F68A3CFEF0FECF" bold="true" box="[199,308,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
. The first specimens found were coded as ‘nr 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADB7E8A3CFC38FECF" box="[847,1020,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Telmatopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADB7E8A3CFC38FECF" box="[847,1020,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Telmatopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, and came from an acidic mine-affected creek in Kakadu N.P., 
<collectingRegion id="447A5DEF1108C64AD9E98A18FD63FE23" box="[472,679,367,393]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
. The taxon was keyed in larval and pupal stages by 
<bibRefCitation id="E22FEEFC1108C64ADCD18A18FA5CFE20" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[1248,1432,367,394]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref15367" refString="Cranston, P. S. (1996) Identification Guide to the Chironomidae of New South Wales. AWT Identification Guide No. 1. Australian Water Technologies Pty Ltd, West Ryde, New South Wales, 376 pp." type="book" year="1996">Cranston (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. Tentative identification as ‘nr 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64AD9D98AE4FD51FE07" box="[488,661,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Telmatopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64AD9D98AE4FD51FE07" box="[488,661,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Telmatopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ was based on a pupal resemblance to this so-far monotypic northern hemisphere genus, notably the large ovate plastron plate lacking any surrounding corona on a tubular, spinose thoracic horn. Placement of this taxon within an expanded 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADB338AACFC50FE5F" authorityName="Cranston. Extensive" authorityYear="2017" box="[770,916,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADB338AACFC50FE5F" box="[770,916,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yarrhpelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
derives from robust molecular evidence that it is sister to 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64AD93E8A88FEB2FDB2" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2017" box="[271,374,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norrisi">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64AD93E8A88FEB2FDB2" box="[271,374,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Y. norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1E858F881108C64AD9B78A88FE03FDB3" box="[390,455,511,537]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[151,198,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,422,1358]" captionTargetId="figure-161@2.[151,1436,417,1361]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. Phylogenetic tree from Bayesian inference for Yarrhpelopia Cranston and associated taxa (Table 1) based on concatenated gene fragments. Posterior probabilities (PP) and Bootstrap support (BS from Maximum Likelihood analysis) are indicated above branches only for nodes with PP&gt; 0.95 or BS&gt; 70. Maximal supported nodes are indicated with an asterisk. Likelihood bootstrap support (BS), located to the right of a PP value, are cited only if&gt;~70%, considered as supporting that node.A dash (–) for either PP or BS indicates a value below the threshold for support; unlabeled nodes are unsupported under either criterion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4635654/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The adults resemble the 
<typeStatus id="59052DAF1108C64ADADE8A88FCDBFDB3" box="[751,799,511,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADB4F8A88FC21FDB2" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2017" box="[894,997,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norrisi">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADB4F8A88FC21FDB2" box="[894,997,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Y. norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as does the larva (below) although the pupa differs in the thoracic horn, spinosity of the abdomen and the terminal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1108C64AD8F68930FE50FD03" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This taxon, listed in 
<bibRefCitation id="E22FEEFC1108C64AD99B8930FD7BFDCB" author="Smith, M. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[426,703,582,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="161 - 173" refId="ref17663" refString="Smith, M. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1995) &quot; Recovery &quot; of an acid mine-waste impacted tropical stream - the chironomid story. In: Cranston, P. S. (Ed.), Chironomids: from Genes to Ecosystems. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 161 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643104952" type="book chapter" year="1995">Smith &amp; Cranston (1995</bibRefCitation>
, Appendix) as ‘nr 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADBBD8930FBFDFDCB" box="[908,1081,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Telmatopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADBBD8930FBFDFDCB" box="[908,1081,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Telmatopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, was one of 5 species based on pupal exuvial evidence that increased in abundance at the entry of the polluted Rockhole Mine adit into the creek (
<bibRefCitation id="E22FEEFC1108C64AD8AE89F8FE4CFD03" author="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Cooper, P. D. &amp; Hardwick, R. A. &amp; Humphrey, C. L. &amp; Dostine, P. L." box="[159,392,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="473 - 483" refId="ref16169" refString="Cranston, P. S., Cooper, P. D., Hardwick, R. A., Humphrey, C. L. &amp; Dostine, P. L. (1997) Tropical acid streams - the chironomid (Diptera) response in northern Australia. Freshwater Biology, 37, 473 - 483. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2427.1997.00136. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
Cranston 
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64AD93C89F8FEFAFD03" box="[269,318,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1108C64AD8F689C4FC18FCF7" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Larval association has been problematic, with only one definite association from Rockhole Mine Creek and none from elsewhere. No potential larva was found amongst the sympatric specimens at the 
<typeStatus id="59052DAF1108C64ADC8689A0FADDFD5B" box="[1207,1305,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
location of NSWNE17.3, where larvae sampled for molecular study from that site (17.3.6,7,8 &amp; 11) belong to 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADCC5898CFEF2FC93" authorityName="Cranston &amp; Krosch &amp; Baker" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Coronapelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADCC5898CFEF2FC93" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Coronapelopia quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described below) and others (17.3, 4 &amp; 9) to 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADB738868FBECFC92" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2017" box="[834,1064,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norrisi">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADB738868FBECFC92" box="[834,1064,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yarrhpelopia norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Larval specimens 17.3.2 and 10 provisionally allocated to ‘ST1’, now fall within the variation of 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADB5F8834FC11FCF6" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2017" box="[878,981,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norrisi">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADB5F8834FC11FCF6" box="[878,981,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Y. norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1108C64AD8F68810FF1CFBBB" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Initial identification as ‘near to’ 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADA058810FD25FC2B" box="[564,737,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Telmatopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADA058810FD25FC2B" box="[564,737,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Telmatopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is refuted by a different larval morphology including S9-S10, VP and SSm forming a curved line, with the DP absent (
<bibRefCitation id="E22FEEFC1108C64ADB0088FCFBB1FC0F" author="Rieradevall, M. &amp; Brooks, S. J." box="[817,1141,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="81 - 99" refId="ref17426" refString="Rieradevall, M. &amp; Brooks, S. J. (2001) An identification guide to subfossil Tanypodinae larvae (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) based on cephalic setation. Journal of Paleolimnology, 25, 81 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1008185517959" type="journal article" year="2001">Rieradevall &amp; Brooks 2001</bibRefCitation>
), plus the serrate anterior parapod claws (
<bibRefCitation id="E22FEEFC1108C64AD97788D8FD95FC63" author="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J." box="[326,593,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="39 - 136" refId="ref16467" refString="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. (2013) 5. The larvae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (Eds.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region: Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. LarvaeInsect Systematics and Evolution Supplements, 66, pp. 39 - 136." type="journal article" year="2013">Cranston &amp; Epler 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Although the pupa and adult male resemble 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64ADC6188D8FB39FC63" box="[1104,1277,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Telmatopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64ADC6188D8FB39FC63" box="[1104,1277,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Telmatopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and although we lack molecular material, it is unlikely on the evidence at hand that this western European genus occurs in 
<collectingCountry id="FEA9D39D1108C64ADD5788A4FF10FBBB" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8601930D1108C64AD8F68F6CFB34FB0B" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64AD8F68F6CFE79FB9E" authorityName="Cranston &amp; Krosch &amp; Baker" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,445,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Yarrhpelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acorona">
<emphasis id="B4CA4F1F1108C64AD8F68F6CFE79FB9E" box="[199,445,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yarrhpelopia acorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is eastern Australian, apparently abundant only in the acidic polluted sections of Rockhole Mine Creek in Kakadu National Park; otherwise several locations in north Queensland (from 
<geoCoordinate id="E38AF5CA1108C64ADCEA8F48FAD7FBF0" box="[1243,1299,1087,1114]" degrees="16" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="55555" value="-16.0">16°S</geoCoordinate>
) and a drain from a 
<taxonomicName id="41BEE88E1108C64AD8D68F14FE9BFBD7" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[231,351,1123,1149]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">Sphagnum</taxonomicName>
bog in Cathedral Rock N. P., New 
<collectingCountry id="FEA9D39D1108C64ADAD28F14FC84FBD7" box="[739,832,1123,1149]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">England</collectingCountry>
(N.S.W.). Many sites are, or are surmised to be, acidified from mine wastes, with ferric flocculence, or in naturally acidic seeps or faster flowing waters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>