420 lines
54 KiB
XML
420 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="AB42E0EA2A58ED9DD91C9E9ACF9755C4" ID-CLB-Dataset="34447" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48bd4e9c-4763-413e-8389-359c4c55bc8c" ID-PMC="PMC4768370" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-560-1" ID-PubMed="27006611" ID-ZooBank="F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-560-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 560" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States" checkinTime="1454620567459" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hamilton, Chris A., Hendrixson, Brent E. & Bond, Jason E." docDate="2016" docId="98B0F6C2255262ADDE497BB68B3ABE76" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 560: 1-340" docOrigin="ZooKeys 560" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264" docTitle="Aphonopelma mojave Prentice 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="193" masterDocId="FFAAA03F4F6CFFFEFF94FFF0FFBDFFE9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1701384827170" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="A4B638470E5ADE390A60C3B19FDCFD1B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2A3BB6DD1CD655DBF32617726320A990">
|
||
<mods:title id="E13D2ADD4AC51FB472F79BA549614FDB">Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="433D336079470414EC60AFE1741ABF18" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="135D63BFA4B6A360DD2BFAAC5C8BB54B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FCB00F51B3487C27E7F726CB46EC717F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4288F3E47CAB44AB597585A03247D77F">Hamilton, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A034B868926BB1826BF21ABB46C6FE70" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F1D59CA7C7189C1E8BDF30185EA830B3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0454C60D707E3D5AA88F55A6E833F8D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F68E4CCAE75ED9662C5F9A07094DD472">Hendrixson, Brent E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="EA3F8BDDD577CBB08FE4DDB09F988B88" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5F4F3DC278E45A9E9BFC5CD77233F73F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="787F9EEA21FD1C3356C0EFD7AC8F3952">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="949F2627D75BFDFD47B70CF283E101DA">Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1BBF62AB39A033EA37D9499DBB2F86B5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="1C17366177226ACCD230F4C294013D19" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="568AF29E5DAA9CC09233669E9C2E3AFE">
|
||
<mods:title id="A702D4865ECBCEB83D1ACE26B3566355">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="4911FDA0A99CCFD7BBD5972094F1255A">
|
||
<mods:date id="558A4C6C52CACC708B68FF562E1BA466">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F9FF67FDE24C27B921BD149108759300" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="5765E8EF844198A3954A20421DC3E939">560</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A93DC92E88A6F7578E1479027A28E36B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="53052B6DD3FC824506E2CD5D2D2063FA">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B5D01A4B6112A2DBADB23E872B9EE7B0">340</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="3C501671FA7F6330C2C60CE6EFEAB9CA">
|
||
<mods:url id="DFAA2A39E07FD7572DD72BA0D629F9DF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="83D9C09B264AB6172140CB996EAB5317">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EE88AC8030103E3D0B35D180415EF983" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C79BA4AEE1354ECCC55735DFC8149F77" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-560-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="06D1F7E1B87049B2EB378157B7729A2C" type="ZooBank">F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="98B0F6C2255262ADDE497BB68B3ABE76" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127884988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:98B0F6C2255262ADDE497BB68B3ABE76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/98B0F6C2255262ADDE497BB68B3ABE76" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<subSubSection id="DD3BBC7EBF82C4F165D697016295E54F" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E8D81FE841EFB78FADF805BE2300162" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Theraphosidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="754AA13B037DAFC1F8BC3ED116D016AC" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B3EA535EB0DE23188D5E9DCA45CD1F7" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CA67DDECCA2F096921AC28A98973C81" ID-CoL="FJS9" authority="Prentice, 1997" authorityName="Prentice" authorityYear="1997" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave Prentice, 1997</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figures 100, 101, 102, 103, 104
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4F01E850917DD83D67ABC2A07B78F81B" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="861FAB141650522567DD1B206CB68914" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1B403756042847F6E03C838D60E1FAC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
Prentice, 1997: 157; male holotype and female allotype from S of Red Mountain, 20 miles N of Kramer Jct. on Hwy 395, 1-2 miles W of Hwy 395, San Bernardino and Kern Co. line, California, 35.310573 -117.644350 4, elev. 3405ft., 28.x.1989 (male), 20.x.1991 (female), coll. Thomas R. Prentice; deposited in AMNH. [examined]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8ECC2C9A4D53CC7CFFDB015101160C4E" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7945605438F2F08EC3CD6B42A04DDCD" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A0925C29CB0D0C82B3C926BBF02362D4" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="868A84BB4900F642771188029896674F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 100) is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CA8160C2A277F312B64EDCDB8CE1EC4" genus="Mygalomorphae" lsidName="Mygalomorphae paloma" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="paloma">paloma</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group and can be identified by a combination of morphological, molecular, and geographic characteristics. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA identifies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F344B8D27EB91E69F0141DBE9BE4FC57" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a strongly supported monophyletic lineage (Figs 7-8) that is a sister lineage to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B2AB1A6814BFB3530015CC572BE58C" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma atomicum" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomicum">Aphonopelma atomicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="106F8342A83D87C0FD64C4F903E77660" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aphonopelma icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C0B6F56BBC4E92E9F276C6FA3A2DFA8" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma prenticei" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prenticei">Aphonopelma prenticei</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93523D4190387702148335AEF47D9C43" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma joshua" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshua">Aphonopelma joshua</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6B39B5BB35E9672D786D966A26CE00A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be distinguished from syntopic populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A949F1308A043EEA70DBAEE1123B091" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma iodius" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iodius">Aphonopelma iodius</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their smaller size and limited extent of scopulation on metatarsi III and IV, and from other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FA358A7A3B22296F22B1F4C3DB7BEC1" genus="Mygalomorphae" lsidName="Mygalomorphae paloma" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="paloma">paloma</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group by locality. The most significant measurements that distinguish male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="532C159D44EB6C7A40AACFFE6A4E49F4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its closely related phylogenetic and syntopic species are F4, PTl, and the extent of scopulation on metatarsus IV. Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73020A00334B28E0AF2A6A34C9254D89" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by possessing a larger PTl/F4 (≥0.57; 0.57-0.62) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F4A98CEADCD7421517CA2BAC7EA2648" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma joshua" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshua">Aphonopelma joshua</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≤0.51; 0.48-0.51); and by possessing a smaller L4 scopulation extent (30%-44%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE33FDAF4633531A2DD0A6A49D9EC1C4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma iodius" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iodius">Aphonopelma iodius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(62%-88%). There are no significant measurements that separate male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E24B0C18E8F847925EB7229DDDE232CD" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C689031A1B71057F1DC5218531919067" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma atomicum" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomicum">Aphonopelma atomicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="584B72530322B69C76AD8AB04B15598F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aphonopelma icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE4736E71545435D71CF26AED56AB4D4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma prenticei" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prenticei">Aphonopelma prenticei</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB6AD7938D825828C53C51AB5CD722CB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
males do not possess the swollen femur III condition that is known in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CBAC6D40AE51DEE5B2BC263705F7A4D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma atomicum" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomicum">Aphonopelma atomicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1175221F1FBDD133CE20CAB7ADF4590" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma prenticei" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prenticei">Aphonopelma prenticei</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The most significant measurements that distinguish female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A064536732C01ADB119C68E12E2D714" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its closely related phylogenetic and syntopic species are Cl, F3, T3, and the extent of scopulation on metatarsus IV. Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="245D887B544838129CC776F8C032AD5E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by possessing a larger A1/F3 (≥0.56; 0.56-0.67) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7F14176DC4498BD756DB501760CFC8C" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma atomicum" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomicum">Aphonopelma atomicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≤0.56; 0.53-0.56); a larger F1/T3 (≥1.57; 1.57-1.92) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D313C55802F1A8953CE1EBF411874BE" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma joshua" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshua">Aphonopelma joshua</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≤1.57; 1.47-1.57); by possessing a smaller Cl/M4 (≤1.31; 1.20-1.31) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47B6A58E3057C23EF61C0EB4E80B9C50" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma prenticei" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prenticei">Aphonopelma prenticei</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≥1.31; 1.31-1.52); and a smaller L4 scopulation extent (34%-52%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44C55A9164AA466FC0A036D07E0354E7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma iodius" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iodius">Aphonopelma iodius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(59%-83%). There are no significant measurements that separate female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCC588A473E1EB20BC9880025936258" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56CE10419C1935274EBD0D5C83820A58" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aphonopelma icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CBDA603452AB158F553A1DFA0462411" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FD864A6816F9364F087A7B7372A2E77" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aphonopelma icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically very similar but are not sister lineages (Fig. 8) and have allopatric distributions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9BEBEA9E4659168A5063282AB22A4482" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<paragraph id="D3CF2388552E22AC29609E12F57796BB" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
Figure 100.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11BDDEA41C94272A2B75B0955237FF02" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
Prentice, 1997 specimens, live photographs. Female (L) - APH_3101; Male (R) - APH_3102.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E2599630851920BCA17EB099E409B77" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0763058CD7BDCF1CAEFD14D73E11CD62" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7B4C9D42C9512EC28354C734969DE39" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
Male and female originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC466AD243E55371869BDC866FEFDC27" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Prentice (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1E1B8861DE830BDE42787A308511C58D" lastPageId="188" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="redescription of male exemplar">
|
||
<paragraph id="09629D3ADE80F98DD2C95F9F31FB1687" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Redescription of male exemplar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27EB19C054DF3367261F74594E5D0B6B" lastPageId="187" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
(APH_1561; Fig. 101). Specimen preparation and condition: Specimen collected live wandering, preserved in 80% ethanol; deposited in AUMNH; original coloration faded due to preservation. Left legs I, III, IV, and left pedipalp removed for measurements and photographs; stored in vial with specimen. Right legs III & IV removed for DNA and stored at -80°C in the AUMNH (Auburn, AL). General coloration: Faded black or brown. Cephalothorax: Carapace 7.454 mm long, 6.979 mm wide; Very hirsute; densely clothed with faded black pubescence mostly appressed to surface; fringe covered in long setae not closely appressed to surface; posterior region of carapace with long setae; foveal groove medium deep and straight; pars cephalica region rises gradually from foveal groove to ocular area; AER very slightly procurved, PER recurved; normal sized chelicerae; clypeus extends forward on a curve; LBl 1.03, LBw 1.266; sternum hirsute, clothed with faded black, densely packed, short setae. Abdomen: Densely clothed in short black pubescence with numerous longer red/orange setae interspersed; possessing a dense dorsal patch of black Type I urticating bristles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6BAC0F04BCB020BA4A0A58363D08BD3B" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Cooke et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) - smaller and distinct from large species. Legs: Hirsute; densely clothed in faded black pubescence. Metatarsus I straight. F1 8.246; F1w 1.77; P1 2.873; T1 7.339; M1 6.254; A1 4.705; F3 7.408; F3w 2.013; P3 2.564; T3 5.684; M3 7.373; A3 4.672; F4 8.639; F4w 1.754; P4 2.468; T4 7.362;
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="365DDEFD607114830E1E660FE9637D0D" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" start="start">M</pageBreakToken>
|
||
4 9.201; A4 4.984; femur III is normal. All tarsi fully scopulate. Extent of metatarsal scopulation: leg III (SC3) = 64.3%; leg IV (SC4) = 34%. Two ventral and one prolateral spinose setae on metatarsus III; four ventral spinose setae and one prolateral on metatarsus IV; two prolateral spinose setae on tibia I; one large megaspine is present at the apex on the retrolateral tibia of the mating clasper. Coxa I: Prolateral surface covered by fine, hair-like setae. Pedipalps: Very hirsute, particularly ventrally; densely clothed in the same setal color as the other legs; one spinose seta near the anterior margin of the prolateral palpal femur and five spinose setae on the prolateral palpal tibia; PTl 5.132, PTw 1.612. Palpal bulb is short and stout; distinct transition between bulb and embolus; embolus tapers and gently curves to the retrolateral side, no keels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CB23A6ED26CB922EAF8E032742A9135D" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<paragraph id="C7535907439F80CADA53D03E5208C861" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Figure 101.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F47BA3B8A6ED1AF8CEF916148895A48" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
Prentice, 1997.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CC8C14079A260D3F280666F59E53A72C" originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
male specimen, APH_1561 A dorsal view of carapace, scale bar = 2.5mm B prolateral view of coxa I C dorsal view of femur III D ventral view of metatarsus III, scale bar = 2mm E ventral view of metatarsus IV, scale bar = 2mm F prolateral view of L pedipalp and palpal tibia, scale bar = 2.5mm G dorsal view of palpal bulb H retrolateral view of palpal bulb, scale bar = 0.5mm I prolateral view of tibia I (mating clasper), scale bar = 3mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="76567EF3331D5A4F25C77A766AD742C3" lastPageId="188" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Variation (6).Cl 7.374-8.988 (7.862
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95F6D1E979F4BCA950047257605DA461" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25), Cw 6.689-8.035 (7.185
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4563C5B97BB00C94D3CFF63CDBA82C28" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2), LBl 1.03-1.206 (1.079
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2C836F1533B801AC30364F9BB65F978A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.03), LBw 1.22-1.371 (1.272
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3D6FC5B6F22BCCCE8D7C1A2F7761E299" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02), F1 7.352-9.266 (8.251
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DCA61CF77A851D37168E3B3ED71959D4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25), F1w 1.764-2.218 (1.908
|
||
<normalizedToken id="38069462903FCFAA753E1969855A4496" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.07), P1 2.873-3.421 (3.16
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A2C59536D85E7AA0F37E8170E4360C80" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08), T1 6.69-8.041 (7.323
|
||
<normalizedToken id="766DDCF39018576BC199B80037DA61DF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.19), M1 6.01-7.277 (6.492
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F8D394E598650865E16D387ACB68DD1D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.17), A1 3.87-4.994 (4.451
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C716F6AB56A2BC1636A7A0BF8ACF9D21" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.17), L1 length 27.868-32.999 (29.677
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4591FDC6EA212D623BF849FA91A962C4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.76), F3 6.577-7.938 (7.23
|
||
<normalizedToken id="94DFA61D36CB00B1DD570E6A2F12A932" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.19), F3w 1.915-2.449 (2.081
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8BCC378D44B6FE1AF732BC29DE803B5A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08), P3 2.537-2.931 (2.686
|
||
<normalizedToken id="36561E6C74C1A88BFAAEB4FAB5A3C655" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.07), T3 5.162-6.539 (5.683
|
||
<normalizedToken id="59A0D11A0A2DB1F336E03B13C73AE8D0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.19), M3 6.462-7.865 (7.072
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7CF342878936CC704706EAE2FAEF3F77" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2), A3 4.293-5.387 (4.685
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F7B461BF6AAE587425C0E1DEDA2FEE60" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.17), L3
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="EEF4C7FD6EDF1DD8530F0284A753C9C9" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" start="start">length</pageBreakToken>
|
||
25.19-30.66 (27.355
|
||
<normalizedToken id="845F2670A4996FF3654E124AD2082772" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.77), F4 8.283-9.518 (8.682
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D87FAA7B87C3CE890CC4440669FF2DD1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.18), F4w 1.754-2.14 (1.874
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C1ACD077725D16A99A494252EFEC5649" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.06), P4 2.468-3.188 (2.791
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4782F73ED797F3C1AA51B69F18D384B5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.11), T4 6.99-8.241 (7.506
|
||
<normalizedToken id="529C3A791C38996BC3D2305216C1A66C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.17), M4 8.358-9.946 (8.998
|
||
<normalizedToken id="588EC027C8371F8FC984D994A3A0A9A9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.23), A4 4.446-5.929 (4.984
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8CDE93278D5C3B9490175918811771F5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.24), L4 length 30.958-36.657 (32.961
|
||
<normalizedToken id="17008AC3A2D1D687196F60E8ED614995" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.83), PTl 4.866-5.584 (5.153
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CD4EBF3CF5C10044F4DD6A2A8D274FEC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1), PTw 1.536-2.029 (1.75
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F5020B4FAEF2BFA244581DF34A5C64EC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08), SC3 ratio 0.601-0.792 (0.666
|
||
<normalizedToken id="87341AC58D5F3F9CE6BCEB06A814117F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.03), SC4 ratio 0.303-0.438 (0.377
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7ACD85F895CDD97C46FB48A60B60ECEE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02), Coxa I setae = very thin tapered, F3 condition = normal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9726A1FD36B8E551D464607607733FD8" lastPageId="189" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="description of female exemplar">
|
||
<paragraph id="755195FE2E4C42E93C94FD41CC3E9DAF" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Description of female exemplar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="46EDCA3A02BE265837661B6FDF42B882" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
(APH_1558; Figs 102-103). Specimen preparation and condition: Specimen collected live from burrow, preserved in 80% ethanol; deposited in AUMNH; original coloration faded due to preservation. Left legs I, III, IV, and pedipalp removed for photographs and measurements; stored in vial with specimen. Right legs III & IV removed for DNA and stored at -80°C in the AUMNH (Auburn, AL). Genital plate with spermathecae removed and cleared, stored in vial with specimen. General coloration: Faded black or brown. Cephalothorax: Carapace 7.687 mm long, 7.094 mm wide; Hirsute, densely clothed with short faded black or brown pubescence closely appressed to surface; fringe densely covered in slightly longer setae; foveal groove medium deep and slightly procurved; pars cephalica region gently rises from thoracic furrow, arching anteriorly toward ocular area; AER very slightly procurved - mostly straight, PER recurved; chelicerae slightly robust, clypeus extends forward on a curve; LBl 1.281, LBw 1.41; sternum hirsute, clothed with short faded black or brown setae. Abdomen: Densely clothed dorsally in short black, faded black setae with longer, lighter setae (generally red or orange in situ) focused near the urticating patch; dense dorsal patch of black Type I urticating bristles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E1F295905BB5D32E55F56884B31FDBD5" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Cooke et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) - smaller and distinct from large species. Spermathecae: Paired and separate, short, with capitate bulbs and wide bases that are not fused. Legs: Hirsute; densely clothed in short faded black or brown pubescence; F1 6.846; F1w 1.957; P1 2.985; T1 5.697; M1 4.34; A1 3.591; F3 5.573; F3w 1.837; P3 2.536; T3 4.24; M3 4.45; A3 4.218; F4 7.245; F4w 1.888; P4 2.433; T4 5.975; M4 6.167; A4 4.753. All tarsi fully scopulate. Extent of metatarsal scopulation: leg III (SC3) = 76.8%; leg IV (SC4) = 34.3%. One ventral spinose seta on metatarsus III; seven ventral spinose setae on metatarsus I. Coxa I: Prolateral surface covered by fine, hair-like setae. Pedipalps: Densely clothed in the same setal color as the other legs; one spinose seta on the apical, prolateral femur, seven prolateral (three at the apical, prolateral border with the tarsus) and two ventral spinose setae on the tibia (one at the apical, ventral border with the tarsus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1F69142152B1378AF2A90226A0EDDE58" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<paragraph id="BC067236ADB7A84739BA43EC9F6956AA" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Figure 102.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBDAE2455A4E47A6A351F2EB7106D51C" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
Prentice, 1997.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="93877A5F976D7C035062265E7928FF4D" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
female specimen, APH_1558 A dorsal view of carapace, scale bar = 3mm B prolateral view of coxa I C ventral view of metatarsus III, scale bar = 2.5mm D ventral view of metatarsus IV, scale bar = 2.5mm E prolateral view of L pedipalp and palpal tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="FD9190AAD592A0DE582476077A6474D2" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<paragraph id="17F038680D34529FBA1E2145E86E4EDB" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Figure 103.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B722D579F88F010D3098AA2C746C1775" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
Prentice, 1997.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5F7C045AE846E06FE126CA7CFCA51E4F" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
cleared spermathecae A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D4EA92ABDBE828D201730AFDF8BC411" genus="Mygalomorphae" lsidName="Mygalomorphae mojave" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" rank="species" species="mojave">mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
allotype B APH_1355 C APH_1558 D APH_3101 E AUMS_2364 F AUMS_2512.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F211B1E11C7AD1369698F62A0B5C909" lastPageId="189" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Variation (7).Cl 6.911-8.471 (7.803
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FC2C5D53B2BA8D143D3D7F63DBCFF2E9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.21), Cw 6.203-7.648 (6.858
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B93D37627790A0E40C457AA03C276461" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2), LBl 1.071-1.48 (1.24
|
||
<normalizedToken id="445D83D1E0CF87DF532BD1BD014B1845" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.05), LBw 1.263-1.70 (1.453
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B14D58562B7E5A9B34185E7B14E022A7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.06), F1 5.84-7.52 (6.877
|
||
<normalizedToken id="545E4F1BEFBAF4EEDE27561657F3880F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.21), F1w 1.66-1.962 (1.873
|
||
<normalizedToken id="61E6B3C7FDD1A996E2244D964951FC5C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.04), P1 2.15-3.163 (2.774
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D2C1FD89D05B12E66C412B14E0E05EB7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12), T1 4.72-6.53 (5.642
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0DC216221358806BE2D484041FF97275" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.21), M1 3.73-4.66 (4.242
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D636EDF0C043819C6A0FE882D6C35509" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12), A1 3.16-4.18 (3.588
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FF56DCF64F340D81CCB99B9B1E8D30E5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12), L1 length 19.6-25.75 (23.122
|
||
<normalizedToken id="64C950E77CF3C75D49EB38960927AD6C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.72), F3 5.311-6.34 (5.747
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A81648302617E056C7C7C53C053C9BD8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.13), F3w 1.37-1.849 (1.666
|
||
<normalizedToken id="33241A03B71F1624EB35B12977AF6123" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.07), P3 2.06-2.774 (2.426
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FFB20B5DB1874EB7949A420E09F09CF5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1), T3 3.38-4.76 (4.153
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3CF3116C5EB50E24193ED002D598D8B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.17), M3 4.05-4.87 (4.477
|
||
<normalizedToken id="23571EE803181A07D3B01CBF5389B0A1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12), A3 3.08-4.218 (3.737
|
||
<normalizedToken id="066DE3769A2C50BD3C2FE5035BBB215E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.13), L3 length 18.14-22.45 (20.54
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34F1D15CB7B0547C8CB022C4B522333A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.56), F4 6.68-7.76 (7.196
|
||
<normalizedToken id="16FF9534F1AB6A4AECF88984B644C9EE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.14), F4w 1.29-1.942 (1.771
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7A6718A3CAC7865FF5A31D9AA951EE59" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.09), P4 2.433-2.93 (2.673
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BD26B262CA5F32D4EFE49B7B0D7F206C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08), T4 5.37-6.26 (5.767
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BCE02347A9A5134B7A3A4C048D63E613" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12), M4 5.68-6.65 (6.192
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0B5CE05215B28599122DC5C72A4C1722" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.14), A4 3.56-4.753 (4.238
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E7FD29B186A6DF7003081B4F1C9D6639" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.15), L4 length 23.73-28.17 (26.067
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7E3C6ED3ABBFC90A3992F66FE927A6B6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.56), SC3 ratio 0.653-
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BF5B8ED350FFD0D58EA9E4CC4845F8F2" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" start="start">0.768</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(0.706
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E91F7F69EC7434D07CC8208C2B814F97" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02), SC4 ratio 0.343-0.525 (0.407
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7BBB09767E90740A8B98F7E29565BB69" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.03), Coxa I setae = very thin tapered. Spermathecae variation can be seen in Figure 103.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2CA05D80C0586EDCA47FDE73CD79D85F" lastPageId="190" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="DF83969608E5139DB017ED0B06BD0581" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BEE5ECD4879F8F75B5C7AB0C479C38A5" lastPageId="190" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
|
||
United States: California: Kern: 7 miles north of Johannesburg, 35.4804 -117.654683 5, 3412ft., [APH_2669, 9/10/1968, 1♂, W. Icenogle, AMNH]; 8 miles NW San Bernardino County Line along Hwy 395, 35.469394 -117.65434 1, 3482ft., [APH_0754-0755, 4/10/2009, 2 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Thomas Martin, AUMNH]; 8.1 miles into Kern county on Hwy 395, 35.480904 -117.67768 4, 4003ft., [APH_2390, 20/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; 8.2 miles E Hwy-14 on Hwy-58, 35.016745 -118.035457 1, 2596ft., [APH_1323-1325, 30/7/2011, 3♀, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, Jake Storms, AUMNH]; 9.7 miles W US-395 on Randsburg-Mojave Rd (Osdick Rd becomes Randsburg-Mojave Rd), 35.26131 -117.75031 1, 3287ft., [APH_0326-0327, 7/5/2008, 2 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Zach Valois, AUMNH]; along power line road west of Hwy-14, 35.462553 -117.971773 1, 3199ft., [APH_1204-1207, 31/7/2010, 4 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; E of Mojave, near Hwy 58, off Cache Creek Rd, 35.1261 -118.18484 1, 3252ft., [APH_3101, 18/7/2012, 1♀, Chris A. Hamilton, Amy Skibiel, AUMNH]; E of Mojave, near Hwy 58, off Randsburg Cutoff Rd, 35.11755 -118.15001 1, 2974ft., [APH_3102, 19/7/2012, 1♂, Chris A. Hamilton, Amy Skibiel, AUMNH]; Jawbone Canyon area, 35.32137 -118.11149 5, 2900ft., [APH_1355, 21/8/2011, 1♀, Warren Burke, AUMNH]; Ransburg-Inyokern Rd., 1 mile W of Hwy 395, 35.641784 -117.874597 5,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="A37D1A9EE070C3ABE2BAFF9C8B0BD3DB" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" start="start">2855</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ft., [AUMS_2530, 20/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; Sage canyon, 35.600649 -117.814267 5, 2554ft., [AUMS_2576, 26/10/1975, 1♂, Ray Jillison, AUMNH]; SE of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="566C1E67897CF1B989D9C8CED11E299F" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pass, NE side of SR-178/
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CEA3E456914CE8829F9951D5A308A532" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pass Rd, 35.62323 -117.95274 1, 3985ft., [APH_0399, 4/8/2008, 1♀, Zach Valois, AUMNH]; Walker Pass, Hwy 178, 35.687958 -118.051992 5, 4605ft., [AUMS_2526, 20/10/1990, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; west Mojave, 35.04916 -118.217596 7, 2985ft., [AUMS_2462, 1997, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; San Bernardino: 0.25 miles E Hwy-395 on Cuddeback Rd, 35.255317 -117.608121 1, 3016ft., [APH_1555-1556, 25/10/2012, 1♀, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH]; 10 to 17 miles S of Johannesburg, 35.172459 -117.59183 5, 2787ft., [AUMS_3317, 10/10/1974, 1♂, W. Icenogle, AUMNH]; [APH_2403, 10/10/1974, 1♀, W. Icenogle, AMNH]; [APH_2406, 10/10/1974, 1♂, W. Icenogle, AMNH]; 8.1 miles south of Kelso on Kelbaker Rd., 34.899855 -115.649338 4, 2825ft., [APH_2439, 1/11/1992, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; Red Mountain, 35.358297 -117.616726 6, 3609ft., [AUMS_2513, 14/10/1990, 1♀, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; [AUMS_2527, 20/10/1994, 1♀, Geogr, AUMNH]; Red Mountain, 1 mile west of Powerline Rd., 35.128369 -116.794985 4, 1972ft., [APH_2413, 26/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; Red Mountain, 1.2 miles west of 20 Mule Team Rd., 35.247194 -117.652967 4, 3005ft., [APH_2412, 26/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; Red Mountain, 19 miles N of Kramer Junction, 35.254038 -117.553643 5, 3262ft., [AUMS_2514, 3/10/1992, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; [AUMS_2535, 13/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; [APH_2388, 28/10/1989, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; [APH_2405, 25/1/1992, 1♀, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; [APH_2407, 13/10/1997, 1♀, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; [APH_2408, 26/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; [APH_2410, 14/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; [APH_2411, 20/10/1991, 1♀, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; [APH_2414, 26/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; Red Mountain, 20 miles N of Kramer Junction, 35.301692 -117.614683 5, 3220ft., [AUMS_2510, 16/10/1992, 1 juv, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; Red Mountain, 20 miles N of Kramer Junction, Hwy 395, W side, 35.305756 -117.615541 5, 3256ft., [AUMS_2512, 4/10/1992, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; Red Mountain, campsite W of power line road, 35.331378 -117.612816 5, 3389ft., [AUMS_2364, 20/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; Red Mountain, campsite, 19 miles north, 35.358297 -117.616726 5, 3602ft., [APH_2404, 4/10/1992, 1♀, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; Red Mountain, junction of 20 Mule Team Rd. and PL Rd., 35.25197 -117.611916 5, 2999ft., [APH_2409, 26/10/1991, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AMNH]; Red Mountain, South of Power Line Road, 35.321067 -117.611791 5, 3409ft., [AUMS_2531, 28/10/1989, 1♂, T.R. Prentice, AUMNH]; W of Hwy 395 along Twenty Mule Team Pkwy, 35.253597 -117.615238 1, 3013ft., [APH_1558-1561, 25/10/2012, 2♀, 2♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EE4F19169F2ECD2B836FC56D82FDDDBC" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="distribution and natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="2280EDBEC3048764B709445A9B84D88A" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9E0611FF9A94BAF62703820920C9454" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
|
||
The redefined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D908A0D2DE2894EF86E1273FAF0E725" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a narrow distribution centered on the western Mojave Desert and extreme southeastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in eastern Kern and northwestern San Bernardino Counties, California (Fig. 104), inhabiting the Western Mojave Basins Level III Ecoregion.
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="24B30BC9FBFA3B714B524A09523320C5" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" start="start">Accurately</pageBreakToken>
|
||
georeferenced specimens have been collected at elevations between 775 and 1225 meters. The species distribution model suggests that suitable habitat may be present in adjacent sections of southwestern Inyo and northeastern Los Angeles Counties (Fig. 104B). Additional sampling is required to assess the northern extent of the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4D6266A959871E868F7B0D5BABB81B9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
along the Highway-395 corridor.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEE2AC2487B7F8BB0B170DC7A6D5BA9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
is syntopic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BABE34E81B2DB1CD5F708892894BC400" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma iodius" order="Araneae" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iodius">Aphonopelma iodius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(burrows of both species have been located within one meter of each other) and may overlap its range with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCD885BC2A3112178FE7A5ED096539D1" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aphonopelma icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the vicinity of Kramer Junction. Burrow entrances are generally surrounded by a distinct mound or turret made of excavated soil and silk (Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="90F7C7B72582C73D915B36627BB67835" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Mating takes place during daylight hours in the
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="001198A4FA1C2018508B6F84A267043F" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" start="start">autumn</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(October-November). The natural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42D474508E53B87DF0A53894AD14E7AB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its close relatives is discussed in more detail in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE6AF391008A5E1C3A8ED2E39ACF31D2" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Prentice (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="001EF97B0E1AA9A73FEDF41E0FDE4F2F" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<paragraph id="346351F673A7BCCA420CE061A87F9EC9" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Figure 104.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0151DA0F3F75584B4986F301A8C803EF" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
Prentice, 1997. A distribution of known specimens B predicted distribution; warmer colors (red, orange, yellow) represent areas of high probability of occurrence, cooler colors (blue shades) represent areas of low probability of occurrence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1976B10A233986B6A11CE0207A82F6A6" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E8C5D7940702F5A172BB892639442E5" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="34D4A3A2ACA54A3FEEEE5FD8B5B45085" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
In addition to having a relatively narrow distribution, habitat degradation due to Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) recreational activity probably poses the greatest threat to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6F70DEF7034EA5C2F8CF38C6663C8A3" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, these spiders are abundant (especially near the type locality), with several areas within the western Mojave Desert that are managed by the State of California or Bureau of Land Management (e.g., West Mojave Desert Ecological Reserve, Fremont Valley Ecological Reserve, Red Rock Canyon State Park, Desert Tortoise Natural Area). This species is likely secure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6C04283E537A4A3120286A9E968EA65" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="595452B9BCEA268C3742B941B9C615C4" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F2DB195343357D8949F494D7B941D50F" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED1FF02934F076CE43499283B88EC0DD" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Prentice (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="004805FD98EF657886BCA527E5CB306D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprised two different geographic
|
||
<normalizedToken id="126DA8C90D65D333D4C84A3484746257" originalValue="“races”">"races"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(i.e., western and eastern lineages) but he did not describe two different species. Our results (also see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="46FC64CE5E4CCBD080104E8A90901082" author="Hendrixson, BE" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" url="10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.004" year="2013">Hendrixson et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2813531AB16843D19D35C5C041E939CF" author="Graham, MR" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" url="10.1111/jbi.12494" year="2015">Graham et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) demonstrate that these two populations are indeed distinct species, but perhaps even more interesting is that the western and eastern groups comprise additional species-level diversity. We now recognize four different species that were all previously considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AF3EB507179FE170AF3274417986D66" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A85EE095494E095CDABDEAA1205B6BD" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma atomicum" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomicum">Aphonopelma atomicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5BF2052D03EA6E66E6E75F61066105C" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aphonopelma icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCEC482F19DBBEB02079CF21AE8155B6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE3E9773C67940FF105BC24C605E6DCC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma prenticei" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prenticei">Aphonopelma prenticei</taxonomicName>
|
||
). For both males and females, certain morphometrics have potential to be useful, though due to the amounts of variation, small number of specimens, and the small differences between species, no others are claimed to be significant at this time (see Suppl. material 2). During evaluation of traditional PCA morphospace and three-dimensional PCA morphospace (PC1~PC2~PC3), males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F404388596A0F8041FD5DC61B795119A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
separate in morphological space from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAE8F64D25619D1E042907403E590153" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma iodius" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iodius">Aphonopelma iodius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F11861ED995464915E5828027397F78" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma joshua" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshua">Aphonopelma joshua</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F413ACCB85239CE611DD3D0508E28BC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma xwalxwal" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xwalxwal">Aphonopelma xwalxwal</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but do not separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E827C0F78E9F57C51495D75A9F7FBD" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma atomicum" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomicum">Aphonopelma atomicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8025FB2F7000C54C32674CC0CF80C39A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aphonopelma icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6C016604D2CF188569AA7439B9AE84E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma prenticei" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prenticei">Aphonopelma prenticei</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7517AB039AA5F463442AD35455EEC7EC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma mojave" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mojave">Aphonopelma mojave</taxonomicName>
|
||
separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FFDE4A28D89F510E609CD5F170DE3A8" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma iodius" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iodius">Aphonopelma iodius</taxonomicName>
|
||
in morphological space, but do not separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6906522A92A2E4B4D8FD113DDBF4BB7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma atomicum" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomicum">Aphonopelma atomicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2FF9B571DEB926129E152C9C05F84FF" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aphonopelma icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A94BBAB2015A8D86F7CE287C69F183A3" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma prenticei" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prenticei">Aphonopelma prenticei</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are no known female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F15AFA3E6F5D85B919C957A1E2115A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma xwalxwal" order="Araneae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xwalxwal">Aphonopelma xwalxwal</taxonomicName>
|
||
at this time to compare. PC1, PC2, and PC3 explain ≥96% of the variation in all analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |