1059 lines
130 KiB
XML
1059 lines
130 KiB
XML
<document id="6092E9B74BB63FBF8215AEC56723D1F1" ID-CLB-Dataset="35467" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.310.5071" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0dd3caae-f74f-4f87-b8c8-1e3eae0b853a" ID-PMC="PMC3690963" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-310-57" ID-PubMed="23805050" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-310-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 310" ModsDocTitle="Two common and problematic leucochrysine species – Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Schneider) and L. (L.) pretiosa (Banks) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): redescriptions and synonymies" checkinTime="1451247201375" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tauber, Catherine A., Sosa, Francisco & Albuquerque, Gilberto S." docDate="2013" docId="1D5A30F7BBE398801106060898378634" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 310: 57-101" docOrigin="ZooKeys 310" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.310.5071" docTitle="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia Schneider 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="B23059600C1DFFF07015FFCDC519FD46" masterDocTitle="Two common and problematic leucochrysine species - Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Schneider) and L. (L.) pretiosa (Banks) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): redescriptions and synonymies" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1732846884300" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="377BF2551CD6F3CEA2B850D67D7CDF0F">Two common and problematic leucochrysine species - Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Schneider) and L. (L.) pretiosa (Banks) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): redescriptions and synonymies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="531D7398E0916754E163A6D1184264FA">Tauber, Catherine A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4845C6640DC4355A0D3696FC86EBC925">Sosa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="06E4973081D8C162159D76D6EF7DEFEC">Albuquerque, Gilberto S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BAB166144433219CCFD07DA65E8965CF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="9B69B3D942E63FDD4EF215D14DC85390">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="24769A55C69308638EADB62A70EF87E9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0141C673402587F19B5707462716B34D">310</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6D0B004A0069FBB7546F1E64686DFD05">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3DE979826ADC58F9022089E08C876E82" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.310.5071</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="683B9E2CCD3CEFD58655F99EDE9945C4" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-310-57</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1D5A30F7BBE398801106060898378634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152045372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D5A30F7BBE398801106060898378634" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D5A30F7BBE398801106060898378634" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" scope_family="Chrysopidae" scope_order="Neuroptera">
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<subSubSection id="448BAAFFB4F502A84C6E22732CEBFC57" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="67312DADC071F0A2C07953F20B56A19E" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B7F4C59E71BA3F126B0821EE8C315AD" ID-CoL="6Q5ND" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Leucochrysa_varia" authority="Schneider, 1851" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Schneider, 1851)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 114
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A795C09347CCF9553D27828C1F7DEDCD" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="28EE043A1E6AA1FBC90C40D9E9B3B800" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E61AB472280857C24B89BB1B03A49811" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Chrysopa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schneider [1851] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD13710DDF1F7510737C4FBB81DEBBD4" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 154, Plate 58) original description: "Brasilia, ubi a Dr. Clausen inventa; (collect. E. de Selys-Longchamps!)".
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A2B35ACF46F987DAE70DFD2601A2141" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Walker (1853: 268)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
brief redescription, collection records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F07A1C9488694E1FCD4429C7E0844A33" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">McLachlan (1868a: 270)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
taxonomic note;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="680BC055D18DF0F271114942826E96B4" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Brooks and Barnard (1990: 247)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confirmed type species of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66B8994C54B7F154B5405970557E12E1" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucochrysa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B8B7F3ED146AED8ECBD476A3AE4EC566" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DE35CEC5C07497A80E99C3D817DCB84" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Leucochrysa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schneider).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80B0A0360BF93236DA631BF3EA37CFB5" author="McLachlan, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the [Royal] Entomological Society of London" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="145 - 224" title="A monograph of the British Neuroptera-Planipennia." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1868.tb00622.x" volume="16" year="1868 b">McLachlan (1868b: 208)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first reference to combination,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BDCB7BB8BD83AF048DBAB66A130A7DE" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Leucochrysa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
designated as type species of genus;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23C94712C77EFFC41EB1450B69162818" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="274 - 282" title="Neue Neuropteren. Dritte [III] serie." volume="6" year="1917">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AC9EE6F52B8803B098CDC57CBFF2BF0C" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1917: 279)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species list;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="489880ECDC107BA94262596CB572770B" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="383 - 400" title="Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos [I]." volume="17" year="1922 a">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1B35825F013CDEE0FB86F3E95FAF3D95" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1922a: 392)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collection record;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A5EC935C59FBFE7F51050DBB10FD70DD" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Broteria (Zoologica)" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="87 - 92" title="Algunos insectos del Museo Entomologico de Berlin " Deutsches Entomologisches Museum "." volume="20" year="1922 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D26F9B659DC9B86CE337CD5A0A7A5A32" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1922b: 89)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collection record;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="756BF7F740E6F021A60484B60871E5B7" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la [Real] Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="20 - 34" title="[1925] Comunicaciones entomologicas. 7. Neuropteros del Museo de Berlin." volume="9" year="1924">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2CA6B20C24EF5B3FDC8AC396FFCF57BF" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1924: 28)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collection record;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="18E944C11A98CD98FD056EE59EC3C0DC" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Broteria (Zoologica)" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="5 - 15" title="Algunos insectos del Brasil (3. a serie) [IIIb]." volume="23" year="1926">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0620048CD258271D4F2811337476764" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1926: 12)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collection record;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="11525AF4D9CE0D59A3085F288FD96558" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85D9851C8E84076605604CE35E64B219" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1928a: 131)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collection record (probably in error);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B73C109A620DD79F6BBCA097E6B3CD3A" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Historia Natural" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="106 - 128" title="[1929]. Insectos neotropicos. 4. a serie." volume="32" year="1928 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="841E5083B0B509FA372D75ED1FD20ABB" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1928b: 111)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collection record;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A3AB1F5DD60BFD0E0038ABDAC01386D" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="28 - 39" title="Insectos del Museo de Estocolmo." volume="24" year="1928 c">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2B04ED3DDCC0BFC35839427AF91A95BA" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1928c: 35)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collection record;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2BD8F7C7450EEC015AAB9122B237781B" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="857 - 864" title="Insectos del Brasil. 3. a serie [IIIa]." volume="16" year="1929 a">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1EB9056397E4D767933E211B23C8F357" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1929
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 862) collection records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B4F4F60C244578008608B25C40E23B0" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="53 - 66" title="Insectos suramericanos. Quinta [V] serie." volume="29" year="1932">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FA0F9ED64C4E9D05615417DC5707B97B" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1932: 57)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collection record;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="86F2918ACBB31D82FFCCF136BA7D4461" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 34" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part III. Chrysopidae." volume="3" year="1944">Banks (1944: 31)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
note on type, species distribution records (probably in error);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C8438546251EF8D4E6ED0C583F244457" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="139 - 174" title="[1946] A review of the Chrysopidae (Nothochrysidae) of Central America." url="10.1155/1945/39092" volume="52" year="1945">Banks (1945: 168)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
note on geographic distribution, comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FCACB5D25E365B3DAA054FE40282E63" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa">Leucochrysa pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="05970FC3EB7312A58D617E385A8D8B4A" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Penny (1977: 23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species list;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A3789DD05CBE8D72D239EA38BFF469A9" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Mexicana" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" pagination="95 - 101" title="A new species of Leucochrysa from Mexico (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)." volume="41" year="1979">Adams (1979: 97)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
probable occurrence in Mexico.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4DE8B4512396593108E885255CE15D61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90AF36630105DA5F2040434D446283A6" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Allochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allochrysa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Allochrysa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schneider).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6436962A2194C61823AFBF9AA636D897" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" pagination="146 - 160" title="New South American neuropteroid insects." volume="12" year="1910">Banks (1910: 150)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first reference to combination;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="608F165C568901588905B76ED4636B71" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="292 - 330" title="[1913] Les Chrysopides (Ins Nevr) du Musee de Londres [Ia]." volume="37" year="1912 - 1913">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8C808C7E44D64CB349ADAED466B34A1B" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1912-1913: 313)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species list, collection record;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0332BF9A59191D57B36960C41D433E4D" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D8DFF16240A640114485D2FD04D65337" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1913: 156)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
brief redescription;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1C6BA6A47C8EDDF46084D7AE7F01DE7E" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="274 - 282" title="Neue Neuropteren. Dritte [III] serie." volume="6" year="1917">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="69C2F28B83D6E3EEF6406E6F2AA58566" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1917: 279)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
genus synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B982605D745E773BF4DE2021798E027A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucochrysa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2092C0A2133B6EF9DC72791B8409BA5B" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B31240FA28124F647473FE15EA96FFF0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schneider).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC1BAC13DE0197DC3347D3D619B5B368" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Brooks and Barnard (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 248, 277, figs 498-507) subgeneric determination, species list, figures;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF57EB1A444398BA03B35D889BFC518C" author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 282, 354, fig. 43) brief redescription, collection records, figures -- based on misidentified specimens in the FCAV-UNESP, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DDAF11E4E3072737084337324F57F091" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64A006E6824856663BDAF27B96AD5077" author="Mantoanelli, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="7 - 18" title="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): larval descriptions, developmental rates, and adult color variation." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0007:LLVNCL]2.0.CO;2" volume="99" year="2006">Mantoanelli et al. (2006: 7)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of larvae, developmental data, analysis of color polymorphism;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD52640C878FA242A481D2C88D020C08" author="Mantoanelli, E" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="302 - 311" title="Desenvolvimento e comportamento larval de Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Schneider) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) em laboratorio [= Development and larval behavior of Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Schneider) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) in the laboratory]." url="10.1590/S0101-81752007000200006" volume="24" year="2007">Mantoanelli and Albuquerque (2007: 302)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
behavioral and developmental data;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="90596D5C8FAD39CF0D6005A87F0B375C" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oswald (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalog listing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F32D3A6A296955517CF814983033F900" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F45A6FACD61DC594DC818D19B019EAA3" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker [1853] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B5B2497B552294B858B1C1BC57E4E65" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 252) original description: "a. Brazil. b. ----------? From Mr.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6499033BBFBB32B7A100537BC7E0A1CC" originalValue="Children’s">Children's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection".
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0131D39380477583AAC799BF33A765AD" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">McLachlan (1868a: 269)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AC70C7BA69BE25D110C2645F35769A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED6704B33BCE6B95CD989A1317744D0A" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F87767A17A914A5BFE5CB7368914442E" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Leucochrysa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walker).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F9D1FAED383121E8B1BAF1A99F6225B8" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="292 - 330" title="[1913] Les Chrysopides (Ins Nevr) du Musee de Londres [Ia]." volume="37" year="1912 - 1913">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6BB35E13135732BA3C480BDBC1823FD4" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1912-1913: 303)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first reference to combination, species list;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F1617D1877DDBF6CF24B331E58EA6B99" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FEB4DB094A95D7C83B20B4B19B1CE57B" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1913: 102)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
brief redescription, reversal of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A2D555BBE2B4A1BB2BE165CFD497B157" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0A21004657DE4F25EFCC2ADF772F26AD" originalValue="McLachlan’s">McLachlan's</normalizedToken>
|
||
1868a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5722F644FEFCB3525ECBBE8F1C4261F5" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Leucochrysa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3EB42C8DDF4BBF63D639DF24F1AFEF6B" author="Kimmins, DE" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="442 - 449" title="Notes on some types of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) in the British Museum Collections." url="10.1080/00222934008527058" volume="5" year="1940">Kimmins (1940: 444)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identification of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E35B1E024D17FA9A16AAF34B482CD07E" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen b, without locality data, as primary type;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="095884412EA38EFD96E68DFD230F20B9" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Penny (1977: 23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species list;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="88D8141EBE83DB48FAEC00352BE1438C" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Brooks and Barnard (1990: 277)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
apparently listed in error as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="734A5402FBF181CE2FCEF2F127564E72" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="701AC392B050B721B0A5E95DF3B8ABEC" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A19D8D1F06EA7E18BB31111592740A9" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oswald (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalog listing as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AB61330B3E4BA0EEEE1622CD1D74C7D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
as per
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE0C6E0D748A74A9A659BFECF371993E" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Brooks and Barnard (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB996A0479B8626B84BA8EB7DBB7A9C3" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15489292C6AF7E1F264836B0F8C4B48C" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Allochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allochrysa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Allochrysa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walker).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="20F76A1D4257E47095361A064D287A6E" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" pagination="608 - 632" title="New neuropteroid insects, native and exotic." volume="66" year="1914 - 1915">Banks (1914-1915: 625)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first reference to combination;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="34B4A9D588F3C2BAC316059E286D68D8" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="274 - 282" title="Neue Neuropteren. Dritte [III] serie." volume="6" year="1917">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EF276FC671F1C439692CB0233FB7289E" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1917: 279
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, internata not specifically mentioned) genus synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6AAC7260CCC3F0008C83590C591914A9" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucochrysa</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71D04A5E6A9DDCE83C0762E31D245AA1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oswald (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalog listing as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="102D07CA177DC7D1C124AE5855DAB258" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, apparently in error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2BFC011CCC05620310A03F36C43C80DB" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="705A2352D2F152E462FEF92D52C977CE" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nodita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nodita internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Nodita internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walker).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E2C6C9C19F844651462CAF6EB1C74E2B" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="274 - 282" title="Neue Neuropteren. Dritte [III] serie." volume="6" year="1917">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A8CB521511E47555A659FACD58CA8042" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1917: 280)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first reference to combination, species list (probably an error);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE4374BF50E172FFB764999FCAFA5F8E" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oswald (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalog listing as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2934BC1F075EC5F9BA462B20D1C8FF1D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9AF21A8270CC202A221E89A9F4E38AFE" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="060A6E7D30AB530082652036F6538D62" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker [1853] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C384E91095BC9237B720B4B2F057827" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 268) original description: "a. Georgia. From Mr.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7D1C0F2C4972CC54DCE6F7636791613C" originalValue="Abbot’s">Abbot's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection. b. -------? From Mr.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9BB2768532090ADD0C353740FB13EA2A" originalValue="Children’s">Children's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection".
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41168CF6EB3D0840D8635B8AC2C0C809" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">McLachlan (1868a: 270)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
taxonomic note and mention of close relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="007788404EC878E133346B9F09989C6B" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Chrysopa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D7E25CF7E922165140DC68073CF10B5" author="Kimmins, DE" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="442 - 449" title="Notes on some types of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) in the British Museum Collections." url="10.1080/00222934008527058" volume="5" year="1940">Kimmins (1940: 444)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identification of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE86BB1AB0E6BF8444C0C49B5246FABF" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen b, without locality data, as primary type.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F67931CB64D4104C0C85AFB6D30E441" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Penny (1977: 23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listing as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01022AD23BB8F7E631A4F9A104D53DDF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Leucochrysa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walker), without comment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7E61AC4D6866957E0325A015E6C97ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="884FA7AB4C3805006570243431E52206" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walker).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7ABE2BC5C4E5E4451C1EBBC1DE9F253E" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Brooks and Barnard (1990: 276)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first reference to generic, subgeneric combinations, species list;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="88402D3E3E0168AB3C43C8D6D6FC37F4" author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 280, 351, fig. 40) brief redescription, collection records, figures;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="727129717012885624E9BCD069774E41" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oswald (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalog listing. Syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C30F201CC54759CC908CF1A2C25F3EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0804B8BC775C8EA874AD2F608FAB3D04" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Leucochrysa vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DCB468CE2F7D749FFA161A0CA38BECDA" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
[1917] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E13E275C65A7C2385F4A6A1A5EAB39F4" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="274 - 282" title="Neue Neuropteren. Dritte [III] serie." volume="6" year="1917">1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 278) (not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44C52014FF21D668C0493C5F2EA3FC49" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nodita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nodita vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Nodita vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E63A7367B82FF72DFC5B1E95400C5E37" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1925) original description: "Colombia: La Vega, Juni 1915 (Coll. Br. Apolinar Maria)".
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE9C03F9EE993E935AC0541B073F78F9" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 34" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part III. Chrysopidae." volume="3" year="1944">Banks (1944: 30)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31189C3A02366D4CB56CB98DC521D542" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Leucochrysa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9AD3032941D3CF6573D4DF1FFD1FEB1E" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Penny (1977: 23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listing as a synonym;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70422A20A056DD1085A1949464EE124C" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Brooks and Barnard (1990: 277)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listing as a synonym;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E13D935ECF7EE0B21305A8306477AEA" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oswald (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalog listing as a synonym. Nom. d.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="893045C0E984BDECBE53D32BC180A6A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A17B9CBBAA89CD7886474D99E495CD87" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa phaeocephala" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeocephala">Leucochrysa phaeocephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E5F63F6C3278D8B0A2045C6A9397F89F" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
[1929] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C421DF4A67D0E11EDDFA824DBA93B36" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Memorie dell'Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="15 - 23" title="Insecta nova. Series XIII." volume="12" year="1929 b">1929b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 21) original description: "America: "Niederl. Guayan. Obere Commaryne, 28. 11. 1908". Mus. Hamburg".
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B60A50D18D884376EE0073E3FF7F1FA" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 34" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part III. Chrysopidae." volume="3" year="1944">Banks (1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 30) synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4617BD589E1FCE2195971D92CA3B202E" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Leucochrysa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="589B9D822DE9BB62D79D027CED90355B" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Penny (1977: 23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listing as a synonym;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F55A818D7D162ABE8D2D3D71FB8A3DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Brooks and Barnard (1990: 277)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listing as a synonym;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2D24DD7E860629A8389A01A13E89C15" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oswald (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalog listing as a synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9726ED75AEE3AA2D8EF55C96CF84E51" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3BF9786BD6DE9041E9DB53EAC138019" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) phaeocephala" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeocephala" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) phaeocephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3D128694843B56CE31090029135C205C" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Valid status reinstated. See below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3882B67DEB333ADBEE6681C460D3822F" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F580282043B17B416D506F04DFDAD41D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina">Leucochrysa walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="976266203FAB9124065470A2EABAEE99" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
[1913] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69FC351A42226E826ECE87C904CF0252" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 102) original description:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2B98DF48E69575E1C51D91F1EEDF91B9" originalValue="“Brazil”">"Brazil"</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0FDB60A89B2CC669091D0B17C4E68BD5" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Penny (1977: 23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D88823BB45737C9B4FE7FC9596C5DC91" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina">Leucochrysa walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A28AF1ED1225C0072A0DE54DF4EDA92B" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="274 - 282" title="Neue Neuropteren. Dritte [III] serie." volume="6" year="1917">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="392EDD5EA4CE36F1B61ACD49683C2E8E" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1917)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
", listing as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC7A547BA77627377A881BD7F8E3978" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Leucochrysa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, without comment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C87ADE38716F30DFD425A4082D66E7B" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB1EA257F68AF322C94282C6E6AC9101" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D2D02958BBAC0B3F42932916CB8E3379" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="10550DFE0794D1D60884FEE7CCE735CB" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Brooks and Barnard (1990: 277)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subgeneric determination, species list;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E7E9A0F0C769C017F30874162F4C44F" author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 283, 355, fig. 44) brief redescription, collection records, figures -- based on misidentified specimens in the FCAV-UNESP;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A546EE8C2C398D171AC3AD32ABF06D09" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oswald (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalog listing. Syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3031E7FDF6E0EE25524099E248399C67" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="35CDFF0CB190EFE249A9E5A37F713740" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Known geographical distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3CA1FEEB3FB16CD8ED9A44A011F42DE9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Our findings [based on confirmed published records and specimens examined] indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AC1678FCDFDC09B7C2105E896C732D5" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="352518C2A48321162FCCA1C76AF1A1CE" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" start="start">Leucochrysa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Leucochrysa) varia
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from the western, lowland regions of the Amazonian drainage basin of Brazil, Ecuador and Peru, throughout much of forested Brazil (coastal and inland), and in northeastern, mid-elevation regions of Argentina. The specific areas that we have confirmed include: Argentina: Province of Salta. Brazil: States of Bahia, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A9111C90E516B1EB11B0CCCEB393A727" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="255FA1C95B4C74E24BDEE6E8BE4D9DF4" originalValue="Rondônia,São">Rondonia,Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo. Ecuador: Provinces of Napo, Orellana. Peru: District ofMadre de Dios.Confirmed published records include:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A3A9230AC4A726F101E1D4757754E4C0" author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 280, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EC8DB5D38077202B8D6021951F4E31D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC078EB4356496DBB7F3E11E7FAE48C8" author="Mantoanelli, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="7 - 18" title="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): larval descriptions, developmental rates, and adult color variation." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0007:LLVNCL]2.0.CO;2" volume="99" year="2006">Mantoanelli et al. (2006: 8)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1672668071C264452FA7E3DB6BB1A8" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Unconfirmed, published records from South America include --- Brazil:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="19EDDCB97E114462CF3460C89F8781E9" originalValue="EspíritoSanto">EspiritoSanto</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BDA3AE61A9A1C0913A3F3AB267C106B9" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Broteria (Zoologica)" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="87 - 92" title="Algunos insectos del Museo Entomologico de Berlin " Deutsches Entomologisches Museum "." volume="20" year="1922 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="75EE75A93A132CBDAD9B5E9645785789" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1922b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 89), Mato Grosso (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AFE39E3012E1532355D5171B100E99C5" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="53 - 66" title="Insectos suramericanos. Quinta [V] serie." volume="29" year="1932">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="494A532E6DD400CCB1410942D013F332" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1932
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 57);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="670B73B4A490CD7B22401ED828BD8610" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5FD0A5DADE4D0586A219F9931DFFCCA2" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="292 - 330" title="[1913] Les Chrysopides (Ins Nevr) du Musee de Londres [Ia]." volume="37" year="1912 - 1913">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BB7F83DE8C0E83648279862D3F7E8FA7" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1912-1913
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 314), Rio de Janeiro (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F1837912BD0EABCA5527A766892510B" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="383 - 400" title="Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos [I]." volume="17" year="1922 a">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB080EBFCA6B838534A162DF32A480EB" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1922a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 392;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33BEE7384AC2F26151C51F5181894E0C" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Broteria (Zoologica)" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="5 - 15" title="Algunos insectos del Brasil (3. a serie) [IIIb]." volume="23" year="1926">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0EAA64DE18DAFC03438366A2E5DD9DF3" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1926
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C779A8BAC474C1BFE9C89D86664EF805" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="857 - 864" title="Insectos del Brasil. 3. a serie [IIIa]." volume="16" year="1929 a">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3439717C84F4203BE7A5CF0CDBBEB3A" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1929a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 862), Paraguay: San Bernardino [Cordillera] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DDBB963B64B13DF94D064B4479556837" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="007F2247152B959A60162DFAF4BE337C" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1913
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 157), and Bolivia: Buenavista [Santa Cruz] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3574DB14A532344763FBFBD1C8E6C0F3" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Historia Natural" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="106 - 128" title="[1929]. Insectos neotropicos. 4. a serie." volume="32" year="1928 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6C7728D6EED1FCCD73FDD5FE7EBD731B" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1928b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 111). The Brazilian records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB84A0AB210ACD4C9EA4C428E860EB51" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2E71A18F501B876BB5D64EDE0F57B81" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="778C0BA931E63C7C4AFB56B3FECF88B1" author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny (2001: 282)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were based on misidentified specimens; thus, only their records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0EC6B2AC5D699ECA713B5987FB78582" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0947F61181726CC94F7E893168206613" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
] are included here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BEA2DA721E11FA45E40425D203B4A0A6" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A272CFCF69DB97882F48A420D64FD5CF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported from British Guiana, Suriname, Central America, and Mexico; however we have not confirmed any of these records.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DCF93CB7FEE49690F7E0ABFC026A2D3D" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="139 - 174" title="[1946] A review of the Chrysopidae (Nothochrysidae) of Central America." url="10.1155/1945/39092" volume="52" year="1945">Banks (1945: 168)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
questioned the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="095F463C2A32661F8CA20FC66A04B415" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="210F570D183522AB30FF0DE82FD33623" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1928a: 131)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record for Central America (Guatemala). Based on our study here, we also question this record. We confirmed that the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F78E639E7BCD1C8412AF4EA0EF449E5" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 34" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part III. Chrysopidae." volume="3" year="1944">Banks (1944: 31)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record for British Guiana was in error; a specimen in the AMNH with the data he reported is probably an undescribed species; its abdomen is missing. The specimen(s) that he identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0406573185C8F004F8E86CD77B9E925" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Suriname (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA0CD68956B08453D44671041DB85850" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 34" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part III. Chrysopidae." volume="3" year="1944">Banks 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31) were not found in the MCZ (P. Perkins, personal communication), nor in the AMNH. This record probably applies to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="596D6EB40FF977A1D9509DE029EA908D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
or another, undescribed species. In summary, we have not seen specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BCCD966C5E41076A57DF65A050D66F4" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern South America, the Caribbean region, Central America, or Mexico.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8B2E3B39E4F5B76C4FA20408038455E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="type specimens and rationale for taxonomic changes">
|
||
<paragraph id="B6CA1C95A5FA3BD4800B77C49AEBFFCC" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Type specimens and rationale for taxonomic changes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="019746FC6B3377EDB4F6C15E2B961368" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4D9BABCD5764DE54A2850F9EF8DDC0E" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Chrysopa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype, by original designation, MCZ, male (examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2AB11465EF6BD67AD8CA37CC7758D76" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The type is in fairly good condition. Its primary label is hand-written, apparently in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D7FDCF43C65D676EFC57A245BBBCB5DE" originalValue="Schneider’s">Schneider's</normalizedToken>
|
||
hand; it reads: "varia nov. sp. / Schneider / Brasilia". The exact collection site is unknown. In addition to Fig. 1 here, images of the external and male features are in the MCZ Type Database (website: http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/MCZ/index.htm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1954BB3B152CF3701613A7A62522FCE7" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<paragraph id="6DCC5BD0054A85327C72333DEFEC8886" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Figure 1. Holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFF00707F9A967078018618E6473A934" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Chrysopa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD74BFBCAD2FCC81AD51D848B4E1FC03" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
], male, MCZ, gonarcal complex. A Frontal B Posterior C Ventral D Dorsal E Lateral. Scale applies to all images. Abbreviations: bk beak-like tip of mediuncus gc gonocornu gsa gonosaccus g.a. gonarcal apodeme g.b. gonarcal bridge hy.i. hypandrium internum mu mediuncus rod mediuncal rod.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="287FD285D99D5E7FD9A02FA16E90D03D" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A701EA66C5DE74698B51FADBEA3586FF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype by monotypy, BMNH, male (examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1FBCFC5E39423D6CA1372E144B74516C" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Walker originally referenced two specimens under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9FF66C0F8B106DBAFA4DE6BD4ED1A6E" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="362EC4F1E9FD94FB1BBAB5BCF30F7A01" originalValue="“a”">"a"</normalizedToken>
|
||
from Brazil and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5577A2203E4F59F4F6F4C72FEB5E9BE" originalValue="“b”">"b"</normalizedToken>
|
||
without locality data); he also stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9517E16432CD0C99C796997F95B8A90D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
had two varieties. Because one of the specimens must represent
|
||
<normalizedToken id="25CDC3F12D203B6350FAF9BB91442EDC" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
lettered variety ("var.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5AD6EAC97596938A907DD5B9041C7E91" originalValue="β”">β"</normalizedToken>
|
||
), that specimen must be excluded from the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC741BAC800E809B9D0FD139B55D485F" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
under Art. 72.4.1 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D7D25605BCFB68141AF18F4E3368202" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Oswald 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D425FF553B50A03DE87330EFAE4FB835" author="Kimmins, DE" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="442 - 449" title="Notes on some types of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) in the British Museum Collections." url="10.1080/00222934008527058" volume="5" year="1940">Kimmins (1940: 444)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified the specimen without locality data (specimen
|
||
<normalizedToken id="36D6EB7838AE96A3446C98CDF5611D31" originalValue="“b”">"b"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) as the primary
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A322F0F4A7A908CF67B61D1BCAB4AC7F" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
type (a lectotype). Because the actual type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCE87F8AFFB33A1D6E59C43989323FE6" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of only a single specimen, his lectotype designation was unnecessary; we recognize
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A205D281E20D3FF1FA1E29B712F0CA3F" originalValue="Kimmins’">Kimmins'</normalizedToken>
|
||
action as identification of the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A24C2473C6EBFAD1A12AD44B0692F9C5" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The excluded "var.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FC2BF11D68ED3E89F80D19AD8C3816DC" originalValue="β”">β"</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen (specimen
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7CA508219C5EF5F7424467B3E67D3063" originalValue="“a”">"a"</normalizedToken>
|
||
from Brazil), was subsequently designated the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBE51F17A63C115A1579E95ED740222D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina">Leucochrysa walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0C00857218C87829DBD6DAA5693251E8" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="531BFFBA83C8B8F5DDE133A2346F7CDC" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="5FE9C82156A2B5D09E4819DCEFA9F1CA" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7056BF0A9B7AF5425C109524B1D6B04B" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype is in fairly good condition; the head is separated from the body and the dissected abdomen is in glycerin, in a vial attached to the pinned specimen. The labels are hand-written and printed (Fig. 2B). The specimen carries no locality data; its collection site is unknown. All of its features, including the male terminalia, correspond to those of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEA7537C8F3DE713FF7F43024ABC99BD" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
type (see Figs 2-3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CB34ACE394AEFCD63B586AD115E800D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F09C50A69EBFC65CFA77387BA150A79" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figure 2. Holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C2428DF12EE125B5CCA86C0C8033D30" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C078BD129DFBD1B53BA05E28FDC20C25" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
], male, BMNH, external features. A Habitus B Labels C Head, frontal D Thorax, base of wings, dorsal E, F Forewing and hindwing; scale applies to both wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0098238827098D800FF9783833706AC0" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F239E9BBF18B9970A2F313F3670B5D2" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figure 3. Holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="25D28F361C813F7B0CFE7DCC180C7F53" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="754EEAC33934F43D2C85435FB49409B7" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
], male, BMNH, terminalia. A Abdominal segments 5-9, lateral B Terminal segments, lateral C Gonarcal complex, frontal D Gonarcal complex, lateral E Gonarcal complex, frontoventral F Gonarcal complex, ventral; same scale applies to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E4D9215553B20FC58B7F3FBFD60A4495" originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A0A945E843F19C7B3B848C7577EE7FD8" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E997511F89702B725BC914EBA496366B" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="7256E41C3A7B2A24C6D2EBAAA218841A" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" start="start">Chrysopa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ampla
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype by monotypy, BMNH, female (examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A45F50F3405739343A526B517F9FD1D" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Walker originally referenced two specimens (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CEBFB0D113E99642693E5AB42A2D337E" originalValue="“a”">"a"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4013F0C9989E2C264B3355B76366BD47" originalValue="“b”">"b"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A3E18AD2E2DB30CFED6E67CDA1A1F7C" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
; he also stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B58F681CF733518CB9CC2592EB87BCD1" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
had two varieties. Because one of the specimens must represent
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42A1624D0ECCB43AF626351DAD96305E" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
lettered variety ("var.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="04B7C917FDB3022E0492446265D714CF" originalValue="β”">β"</normalizedToken>
|
||
), that specimen must be excluded from the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14BBE9A89F6EBF32862D11AC1CC1AEB0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
under Art. 72.4.1 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5EE3D950BB2645CD8288EAFA0A79A295" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Oswald 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the actual type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6E76E2A1F6BD1774D2EA6CD81BF0A72" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of only a single specimen, the one that was listed by Walker as "var.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="76FFE0E8C52856A3A578F669B0162F02" originalValue="α”">α"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and that carries no locality data. Therefore, this specimen constitutes the holotype by monotypy. This designation is consistent, nomenclaturally, with the action by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0138F992BEE05C492240D29D8EA47EC3" author="Kimmins, DE" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="442 - 449" title="Notes on some types of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) in the British Museum Collections." url="10.1080/00222934008527058" volume="5" year="1940">Kimmins (1940: 444)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who considered the specimen as the name-bearing type when he designated it as the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="21C08F72414B92541B84387F3247C5EC" originalValue="“lectotype”">"lectotype"</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7657D388B79EA1ED9F37455BA551F44" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The excluded "var.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="49A9C6EB20D901B8567F4FC3225C8285" originalValue="β”">β"</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen was reported from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1905BDFE656D936D1BA755C7469F4AB9" originalValue="“Georgia”">"Georgia"</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E5214FC8228416E3C05E5003DA1BF32" author="Tauber, CA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="1129 - 1158" title="A systematic review of the genus Leucochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the United States." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1129:ASROTG]2.0.CO;2" volume="97" year="2004">Tauber (2004: 1132)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B42CD19B4586CE3D5D66E2BE2CFDEA25" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) insularis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) insularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker, and it bears her label with that name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB0CE139EC6E5C1CFD1A5716E2F50E77" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="054F22B7E982943F15488E9A2E145A4C" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype is in fairly good condition; the dissected abdomen is in glycerin, in a vial attached to the pinned specimen. The labels are hand-written (not by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B60D9C5B9D4D00ABC6942F05889EC3E" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and printed (Fig. 4A). The specimen carries no locality data; its collection site is unknown. All of the features (external and genitalic) of this type correspond to those of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8A580DE30B86CA51581DEDA0740181C" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Figs 4-5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0CCBB266FFC6F55A7B3CF7B3D58697E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B073BC4EE8F30C3BD815CE98461F1DA" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Figure 4. Holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F34BCFD52C80E40AC0D0C520F1732FC2" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC156C5E0FE18C9248335B1C76A8A9D2" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
], female, BMNH, external features. A Labels B Head, frontal C, D Forewing and hindwing; scale applies to both wings E Head and prothorax, dorsal F Mesonotum, metanotum, base of wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="61F9CF5A5C1CE78A18891E6295DFA424" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF221CE3F3B88BC309E0230AF679CA" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Figure 5. Holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C942F74F6CB0BC504BED997EC958E266" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa ampla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">Chrysopa ampla</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E43F8BBF746F47F225D181CA9F01F65" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
], female, BMNH, abdomen (teneral). A Abdominal segments 6-9, lateral B Genitalia. Abbreviations: b.d. bursal duct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D4A4E1EED464B9851E893E14CEA11DC0" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A491A4A728833F8D7AF652310024D95E" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Leucochrysa vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Type(s) by original designation, probably missing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B75D428C4DE7B81FE011D7D8B5E8EFE" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6578B44E7A669523C895D32F633289BF" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="274 - 282" title="Neue Neuropteren. Dritte [III] serie." volume="6" year="1917">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C24AE847B503DD9CF03584BC90B0D966" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1917: 278)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his original description, did not indicate the depository or sex of the type; he reported that it was from the "Coll. Br. [Brother] Apolinar Maria [
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0CD85E6AD2E71ECB6D84112B8A3493A8" originalValue="María]”">Maria]"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(not examined). It was not found in the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="778EF7D0FAD794C1163616840AF645DD" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9EAF89834BA853417F15FFE18BB99938" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Miscellania Zoologica" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="233 - 243" title="Lista de los tipos de Mecoptera y Neuroptera (Insecta) de la coleccion L. Navas, depositados en el Museo de Zoologia de Barcelona." volume="9" year="1985">Monserrat 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 240), the BMNH, the MNHN, or the MCZ. And despite searches by colleagues (see acknowledgements) in Colombia where Br. Apolinar
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E43F3E43AF5C43547E23DC7AE1FB9A72" originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||
lived, it was not found. Apparently, the Br. Apolinar
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A9278FBEEFFC886CA38AF7DA2E5841DE" originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection was housed in the Museo de la Universidad de la Salle and was destroyed during a political upheaval in 1948.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9100068222A52EF0C17CFD2213FC7D20" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="716AE8F1570E8A182112C26C2C7ECE9F" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
mentioned the similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BBF4EFEF9FFAE727ADA6552313D392" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="41E475C955DC4BE436FC4BEDDDC956DD" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="start">Leucochrysa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
vegana
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC3676A54B5A0F2F05E521F329A677F0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Leucochrysa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
("variae Schn."), but he did not point out why he considered that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BD838C35077FC2882FDA6E79275A251" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Leucochrysa vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
was different. Most of the features that he described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC306FB2494CDED9412BFF3D737B6B3" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Leucochrysa vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76DC77781C9D721682868771E3958912" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, including the markings at the base of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54CCD6468098998169D20AC63ABA6F72" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Leucochrysa vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
forewing that he illustrated. Thus, although it is unlikely that Banks actually saw the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="477C95BB951758369D4A749218A82E26" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Leucochrysa vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
type, his synonymy (based on
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8F66DAA5444457DCCAFD0958C4C9049A" originalValue="Navás’">Navas'</normalizedToken>
|
||
description) made sense at the time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3153E1AD35AAC1583A106031CEFFCEB5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="341FB27F253CAC365A335393223A2E45" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Leucochrysa vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
(La Vega, which is in the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia), is considerably north of the currently known northern limit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4B9FD04796E0F639E129C66AC5B50AD" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
[the western regions of the Amazon drainage basin of Ecuador and Peru (e.g., the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="394336A0CFF4F6D4AC4DFC4E94698E47" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve in the Province of Napo, Ecuador and the Tambopata district of Peru)], but well within the ranges of other, undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6754DC33C5DB9EE800E60D968A13C50A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species. At this time, we suspect that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4989D1ACEC579A8E2D845A1ED753A8F2" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa vegana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegana">Leucochrysa vegana</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F137A1CB724F934C8540A30C05D1735" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the region remains very poorly collected, so it is possible that our suspicion is in error. Thus, while we await the collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26405266A2105E3F637D47B12C430F37" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
from La Vega or nearby, to confirm
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0840D2DB5690F55D06B2E8CCC579886D" originalValue="Banks’">Banks'</normalizedToken>
|
||
synonymy, we consider the species name to be a nomen dubium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B9116AAD7794861A1240FF0645D421DD" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1019242EA6E016CED08D1136680C7109" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa phaeocephala" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeocephala">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BC0456E677DC01A933C9946432E9CEB2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" start="start">Leucochrysa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
phaeocephala
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Type(s), by original designation, Hamburg, probably destroyed during W.W. II, sex unknown (not examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3AD87C19821EE2FE19C75F97CDBD0889" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8DEDBAA60BD00CF64AF75ED99BF0AD33" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 34" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part III. Chrysopidae." volume="3" year="1944">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86AC19C08FD4DCF76B22A5194D86EC61" originalValue="Banks’">Banks'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1944: 30)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymy was made on the basis of the description; it does not appear that he saw the type.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7590F22D35922A7744C96CABE939D820" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Broteria (Zoologica)" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="87 - 92" title="Algunos insectos del Museo Entomologico de Berlin " Deutsches Entomologisches Museum "." volume="20" year="1922 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B8DDA55435611AD9FC2D9262A2097074" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1929b: 21)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that the specimen was collected in Dutch Guiana in 1908 (now, Suriname). Because we have found no records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2765220E1849A71CA142ADCE5249D0E7" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northern regions of South America, we reverse
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FDE54AA71C1F5FA2766C37757B1FE18E" originalValue="Bank’s">Bank's</normalizedToken>
|
||
synonymy; we will deal with the species in a later publication.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9472C93839E44944D0C7AC57EEE98B41" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93E51BD2FE17AB311B1CAF24828C5498" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina">Leucochrysa walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype by monotypy, BMNH, female (examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="87912BAFF80580451C940A9E385C3C1F" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F12609D41E7D343347C67CCAFAF028E" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles" pageId="34" pageNumber="91" pagination="292 - 330" title="[1913] Les Chrysopides (Ins Nevr) du Musee de Londres [Ia]." volume="37" year="1912 - 1913">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BCF62318B19B8616681C3FD504C15254" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1913: 102)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7478B070C251EDFACCF19C17036BACEF" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
internata variety
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FFD978CBADEC77F8831CC09DB1337458" originalValue="β">β</normalizedToken>
|
||
represented a distinct species; he explicitly applied the species name
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2909B75D6E808FA24E873F9B585DC246" originalValue="“walkerina”">"walkerina"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in honor of Walker.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9EB3DD843F99AAB399AF3EC35DF99E65" author="Kimmins, DE" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="442 - 449" title="Notes on some types of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) in the British Museum Collections." url="10.1080/00222934008527058" volume="5" year="1940">Kimmins (1940: 444)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DAB2FF0317AFF07E5F403B7FF05FCEA7" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen
|
||
<normalizedToken id="881DEBB0B2C81332901F6E9B42528DB2" originalValue="“a”">"a"</normalizedToken>
|
||
of internata (labeled from Brazil) as the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F02AF60712DC0500A6A01608B32A1CA" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">Chrysopa internata</taxonomicName>
|
||
variety
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9FD03FA49CD96FB9D29BC53059E43186" originalValue="β">β</normalizedToken>
|
||
; thus it became the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A16E3033A6038904C4AB3606DA70EF5" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina">Leucochrysa walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B8CDEB6C4108740F186ECC02A4C683B" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Oswald 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="283B9CA95CA0EE2B1855837EBE75089E" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
The walkerina type is slightly teneral, but in good condition; the cleared abdomen is in glycerine, in a vial attached to the specimen. The pin carries four labels below the specimen (including a locality label,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DE20985CBB301B37CD2C6C947B49C67" originalValue="“Brazil”">"Brazil"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (Fig. 6A); it also has a
|
||
<normalizedToken id="92F6B03A9EE5BBC66ECC4BE97A271089" originalValue="“Paralectotype”">"Paralectotype"</normalizedToken>
|
||
label above the specimen (Fig. 6B). The external characteristics (Fig. 6) are consistent with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5290A337FC5142E2199159A7180F11FF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the elongate, coiled, spermathecal duct is that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0B0D800D291E88F5B870CB4E1447DD8" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="793F8AD501382AE2BDFC834AC4981D95" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="4BDE557AEAC56708546A963D2E75977B" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Figure 6. Holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A65AD37B87DAFC5636C51F1D134AD20" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina">Leucochrysa walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87CA4348FD93D995D6638D11708E587F" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
], female, BMNH, external features. A Labels B Habitus C Head, frontal D Head, lateral E Head, dorsal F Head, thorax, dorsal G & H Forewing and hindwing; scale applies to both wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1B991119C311BE5A24AD18FB98C8C99" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="99E92D365181B465CAC0D5042BE6A6B0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Figure 7. Holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="641EC67C8DA73966FE48FD5C59D2DD0E" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa walkerina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkerina">Leucochrysa walkerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DE2E1847CAD8851FEBAAEDB0351386A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
], female, BMNH, abdomen and genitalia. A Terminal segments, genitalia visible within abdominal cavity B Enlargement of genital structures [Note the spermathecal duct and subgenitale.]. Abbreviations: sg subgenitale sp.d. spermathecal duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04F3B65665647D344AEC6072D1E6E4D9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="815FCAC3C339E058BE89B36AB9C7E755" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E85D2698C00036FC1D1E0B64458284DD" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
As the name varia implies, adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CD13EA9F2B16413BD6463AB5110E81D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit a wide range of color variation; there are black and red morphs, with and without coloration on the mesoscutellum (See Fig. 8 here, Fig. 7 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="228DF3AE88184625C9AD5ED9F965D2BC" author="Mantoanelli, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="7 - 18" title="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): larval descriptions, developmental rates, and adult color variation." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0007:LLVNCL]2.0.CO;2" volume="99" year="2006">Mantoanelli et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, preserved specimens of varia-like species tend to loose their natural coloration very quickly; old specimens are especially discolored. Thus, it is important to emphasize that accurate identification of the varia-like species can only be made by careful examination of the male or female genital characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F93D41F23A7BBF36CA94CDD8C56D672B" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="540E7ED7BD33D3CD70DB2B274D7D5816" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Figure 8. Variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03054133813BCE05D379C788E6400A61" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
head and thoracic markings. A, B Head, thorax, dorsal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34FD01AD21A5D71543E93D0D31ADAA6C" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
head, frontal (all, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="230D517AF7AE91BD96E6A4EB140E76BE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="69B43EBCB7418ED1B2933CC5CBBCD7D4" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" start="start">Externally</pageBreakToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A3758029A7FE6CC996AEA5C5E071F9" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="6CC5F569A5F358704B90142C69880185" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" start="start">Leucochrysa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Leucochrysa) varia
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A12102B31CE42DEED2C2F75013669CB2" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults usually (but not always) can be separated by differences in the darkness of certain veins and the degree of suffusion around the veins. Both species have black to dark brown suffusion surrounding the second m-cu crossvein, but the marking generally is less prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D56E7084BC32D5B7745427FEBE6F161A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F25661122DC097F9F7DA6DFF52EB2CBA" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, in both species the distal two to four
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CE9EA152E2B82BC905885804D57D72D4" originalValue="Psm–Psc">Psm-Psc</normalizedToken>
|
||
crossveins and at least the three basal outer gradates are darkened and the membranes surrounding these veins are shaded to some degree. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD6C989A57CC45F82B01D4422104169B" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the degree of darkening and suffusion around these veins is generally uniform, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92DDC02EC3126AD7C6778A714BB932FF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the distal Psm-Psc crossvein is usually darker and more prominent than the other Psm-Psc crossveins or the outer gradates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="42CC35560BDF8275990599DC2952F12A" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7664384031AE362EDDEEAB5DE4338C4" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
males, the sclerotized mediuncal plate is elongate; its rods are narrow and parallel; its membranous connection to the gonarcal bridge does not extend laterally beyond the gonocornua and is soft [not broad, leathery and stiff, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08B1E45D644648E1632056A7B782E0BE" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22FF63D7456B2A03A58EC5B9095201DF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
female is distinguished by a very long, strongly coiled spermathecal duct and a spermatheca that is scoop-shaped distally and has a convoluted, tubular, basal section leading to a broad, fluted bursal duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65258527A6034AD4C673928E978631DA" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B5D0589C1D034A220C9B2ECCC2EF3F4" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5BDE99D60CA9824B028461A841C3EC4B" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="CA29C3F5FC3D2DAB8F1D46D465C4A2A7" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Fig. 8): 1.8-1.9 mm wide (including eyes). Frons, clypeus cream to red, with anterior clypeal margin dark red; gena red to reddish brown; maxillary, labial palp yellowish to cream-colored. Vertex with central area raised, yellowish to cream-colored, with prominent, dark red-wine-colored, V-shaped mark along anterior margin; lateral margin, midline sometimes also with red-wine-colored marks. Antenna: dorsum of scape lightly to darkly tinged with red-wine color; pedicel dark red to ivory-colored, with inner margin darkened; flagellum cream-colored, with amber bristles; inner margin of basal ca 3 flagellomeres tinged with red to black; antennal fossa marked with red laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86091D1604C54B1B904C5B5038BDE1E0" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Thorax (Fig. 8): Cervix lightly tinged with red laterally. Pronotum 1.2-1.5 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, yellowish to greenish, unmarked except for small posteromesal red to black mark. Mesonotum, metanotum mostly dark, variable, with four types of color morphs (black entire, black open, red entire, red open) [see Fig. 8 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B48F1CB6DB4E00029F104A870D500DE" author="Mantoanelli, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="7 - 18" title="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): larval descriptions, developmental rates, and adult color variation." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0007:LLVNCL]2.0.CO;2" volume="99" year="2006">Mantoanelli et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="87164CF0E34BC173A640264383BEA225" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="A826CE67EA32A7F7CF0C24EE5D20B6FB" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" start="start">Wings</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Fig. 9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95C59D5F7EF20E44A0137B03C46463EF" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
): Forewing 17.3-20.5 mm long, 6.5-7.8 mm wide (at widest point); ratio of length: maximum width = 2.6-2.7:1. Costal area moderately broad; tallest costal cell (#9-10) 1.5-1.9 mm tall, 2.6-3.3 times width, 0.3 times width of wing (midwing). First intramedian (im1) cell quadrangular, width (anterior margin) 1.4-1.6 times width (anterior margin) of third median cell (m3), 2.3-3.2 times length of posterior margin of m3, length of basal vein (= ma, median arculus) 1.0-1.1 times greater than length of distal vein. First radial crossvein distal to origin of radial sector (Rs); radial area (between R and Rs) with single row of 16-18 closed cells; tallest cell (#6-8) 2.16-2.58 times taller than wide. No crassate veins; 5-7 b cells (= cells beneath Rs, not including an inner gradate vein). Two series of gradate veins; 6-11 inner gradates, 7-9 outer gradates. Height of fourth gradate cell 3.6-5.4 times width. Eight to nine
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FCF9E5EEDDC2BC2388D21E9034629E72" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
cells (cells beneath Pseudomedia after im2). Three intracubital cells (two closed). Membrane mostly clear except basal area with small, reddish brown patch, stigma opaque to light brown, with large very dark brown mark basally, small, light brown clouding around second m-cu crossvein and around distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="98D4127A3A329A9956EC727E93E3D1FE" originalValue="Psm–Psc">Psm-Psc</normalizedToken>
|
||
crossveins, sometimes with clouding around distal leg of im1 and around crossveins between distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2C9198DF106BFEC5F40971483010FEC5" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
cells. Veins mostly green, except anterior tips of most costal crossveins, base of Radius, bases of ca three to five radial crossveins, distal three to four
|
||
<normalizedToken id="00FA85CEBC6E9401328DB53F3E798A9C" originalValue="Psm–Psc">Psm-Psc</normalizedToken>
|
||
crossveins, outer gradates, and forks of posterior marginal veins darkened to black; inner gradates, posterior veins of distal three to four
|
||
<normalizedToken id="80A98869128DB9865D1E7526F6080051" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
cells slightly darkened. Hindwing 16.2-18.3 mm long, 5.3-6.0 mm wide. Two series of gradate veins; 6-10 inner, 6-8 outer; 14-17 radial cells (counted from origin of R, not false origin). Four to six b cells (including small b1 cell); six to eight
|
||
<normalizedToken id="376E43ED3F9EF8F9AB8D5AEF58FB7096" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
cells beyond im2; two intracubital cells (one closed). Membrane clear; stigma with pronounced dark brown mark basally. Veins mostly light green; middle costal crossveins, outer gradates, bases of marginal forks, black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AE7FEAA999FAE54E895B19B4C67FD31C" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="BFFF702D43976953A81EB10FC5881E0E" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Figure 9A. Forewings from three specimens each of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46946F9DE8CC02F32B27736975D96EF7" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D29E3E5A9900A3B5F4F73F6233F6018" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, illustrating interspecific and intraspecific variation in markings, size, and shape Left
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1045B7148C5EE06D94CBA2D8A96566D1" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(V1. Salta, Argentina; V2. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; V3 Napo, Ecuador) Right
|
||
<taxonomicName id="075F010F4682F33B60C33FA75DF53D40" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(P1. Capital District, Venezuela; P2. Carabobo, Venezuela; P3. Trinidad Island, Trinidad & Tobago). Abbreviations:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="816FB062FECA7352B2E6E7C76422AE91" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
-d distal cell in lower Banksian series cv distal Psm-Psc crossvein ma median arculus (= basal vein of im1) m-cu2 distal (= second) m-cu crossvein o.g. basal three outer gradates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="6BE99D1DE95830049F0E293B0A302A6C" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="A30B734299761437A92A07DBB8FBF60F" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Figure 9B. Hindwings from three specimens each of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF0F126EB4DAC7B877688EB05E5D94E7" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D8D78850CFEEE69A14651999D72DAA9" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Same information as Fig. 9A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="273F253619E51DBB7206EC4C31D3BE79" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">Abdomen (Figs 1, 10-14): Sternites, tergites with long, slender setae throughout, microsetae moderately dense; pleural region with setae small, very sparse, microsetae very small. Rim around each sternite heavily sclerotized, especially anteriorly, fading posteriorly. Tergites narrow, roughly rectangular, with rounded margins. Spiracles oval externally; atria not enlarged. Sternites S2-3 longer than tall; S5-7 more square-shaped; distal segments (beyond A4) expanded, height of pleural region greater than height of sternites. Coloration: mostly green, with yellow mesally. Tergites T5, T6 with large black spots, bordered by red; callus cerci white; setae, trichobothria golden.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E68BD4A94B21235A867377CFC171FF07" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="49CA7EFDDBC489EAA8DA8B3D1BE6332C" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Figure 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="863579A0CE4908DAE03844EE2C349431" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
male abdominal structures. A, B, C Terminal segments, lateral, demonstrating intraspecific variation in the shape, expansion and sclerotization of the abdomen D Tergite 9+ectoproct E Abdominal segments 8 & 9, dorsal F Callus cerci. (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A4C0DB73041B70A99A913207298DDE95" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D826DF5F116E36AE4F8468CAD232411B" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
Province of Orellana, Ecuador). Abbreviations: c.c. callus cerci d.a. dorsal apodeme of ninth tergite+ectoproct ev.p. eversible membranous pouch gs gonarcus memb membrane S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites tr trichobothria T8 eighth tergite T9+ect fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9093D778F576CC49E7A018DF22020E96" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="209364DD2F27C1FF82CC61839742667B" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Figure 11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83D9DC6C361A587C64EBEFD6B7547C94" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
male genitalia. A Gonarcal complex, dorsal B Gonarcus, ventral C Gonarcus, lateral D Mediuncus, ventral E Hypandrium internum F Gonosetae inside gonosaccus. (A,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DD139ADBE578C915CA278706B2617DED" originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; B Province of Orellana, Ecuador). Abbreviations: bk beak-like tip of mediuncus co comes gc gonocornu gsa gonosaccus gsa-i interior of gonosaccus gse gonosetae g.a. gonarcal apodeme g.b. gonarcal bridge mu-m mediuncal membrane mu-s sclerotized section of mediuncus (mediuncal rod).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="95CB31A9AFA15D199E9F17D1AC9700B9" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="70FF0E7D5A57E63FC82DF629D9741F01" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Figure 12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF70E07E82BB76AF5CE7EC6AA1D2F47D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
female abdominal structures. A, B, C Terminal segments, lateral, demonstrating intraspecific variation in the shape and expansion of the abdomen D Genitalia, lateral E Callus cerci and trichobothria. (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E545F880E20DB4A943E3624DC4C20F9D" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
, D District of Madre de Dios, Peru; C, E State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Abbreviations: b.c. bursa copulatrix b.d. bursal duct b.g. bursal gland g.l. gonapophysis lateralis sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct S7 seventh sternite tr trichobothria T8 eighth tergite T9+ect fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4E58131122C8C6E3FCC3905ECA0ED876" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="8AC95362517EE17C892B8BCDB059C752" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Figure 13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BF1FB27E7627FC851FD2991E5907BFD" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
female genitalia.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0AEE981B14E86D360ADB820139D2926" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
Spermatheca complex with a variety of views and magnifications F Subgenitale (all, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Abbreviations: b.c. bursa copulatrix b.d. bursal duct knob protruding knob on surface of subgenitale lobe distal lobe of subgenitale sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp/bd connection between spermatheca and bursal duct sp.c. spermathecal connection to spermathecal duct sp.d. spermathecal duct sp.d.-t brushy terminus of spermathecal duct in subgenitale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F01AFF417CE9D361C7C78CFAEA8804F2" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="9158FF2D27E329D5682AD08E16CEE1D0" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Figure 14.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16F152469CD31768D97D8911EDD9F686" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
female genitalia. A Colleterial and accessory glands [Arrow 1 indicates the connection of the duct from the colleterial reservoir to the shelf of the transverse sclerite. Arrow 2 indicates the connection of the duct from the accessory gland to the shelf of the transverse sclerite.] B Transverse sclerite C Genitalia, including bursal glands D Tip of bursa copulatrix with pipe-fitting-like connection to bursal gland(all, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Abbreviations: acc.gl. bifurcated accessory gland b.c. bursa copulatrix (tip) b.d. bursal duct b.gl. bursal gland b.gl.c. connection between bursal gland and bursa copulatrix col.gl. colleterial gland col.r. colleterial reservoir sp/bd connection between spermatheca and bursal duct sp.d. spermathecal duct tr.s. transverse sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A86D2FE1993A15F06A9F69ED67B2E112" pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="576D4F37BBDAC4B86BFB07E8F20F7ED7" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: S6 height and length approximately equal, S7 height ca 1.1-1.2 times length (lateral view); S4-S8 with dense microtholi, S3 with microtholi laterally, sometimes also across entire posterior region, absent or sparse anteriorly, mesally; S1-2, S9 without microtholi. Callus cerci round to slightly oval (ca 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A006A5D2F32092EF2B3F52C8D997E104" originalValue="–1.2×">-1.2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
taller than wide), diameter ca 0.16-0.28 mm, with ca 30-35 trichobothria of variable length. T9+ectoproct rounded posterodorsally, truncate to rounded distally, broadly fused mesally, midline with small distal cleft, with long setae; ventral section tapering, rounded proximally, extending above S8+9 only to suture between S8 and S9; dorsal apodeme substantial, but not thick, straight basally, forking midway on anterior margin of callus cerci; dorsal branch extending around dorsal margin of callus cerci to midway on posterior margin, ventral branch curving ventrally well below callus cerci, then bending posteriorly, extending along ventral margin of ectoproct. S8+9 fused, with trace of suture dorsally, with clear intersegmental demarcation throughout; S8 tall (1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A058A695FB3B83916938B15A24490227" originalValue="–2.0×">-2.0x</normalizedToken>
|
||
taller than long), ca one-half (0.44
|
||
<normalizedToken id="16F95F8946E5D24B575E087583821984" originalValue="–0.47×">-0.47x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) length of S8+9 along ventral margin; S8+9 (lateral view) with proximal margin slightly convex, dorsal surface of S8 rounded, of S9 curved distally, steeply sloped at terminus; terminus without knob or gonocristae; membranous region above terminus of S9 with pair of large, eversible, lateral pouches. Gonarcus well sclerotized, widely arcuate (total span, 0.67-0.84 mm); bridge broad (0.38-0.62 mm long), dorsoventrally flattened, gently curved throughout; lateral apodeme rounded dorsally, more acute ventrally (0.21-0.24 mm wide; 0.29-0.33 mm tall); gonocornua extending forward from anterior edge of gonarcal bridge, basally stout, with ventral, straight projection, tapering to narrow, rounded apex (length, 0.09-0.15 mm); distance between inner bases of gonocornua 0.15-0.25 mm, distance between tips 0.20-0.26 mm. Mediuncus located beneath, and well separated from gonarcus, with mesal, recurved beak, lateral, well-sclerotized, stiff membranous, curved arms; mediuncus attached to gonarcal bridge via robust membrane that extends along width of gonarcal bridge between outside margins of gonocornua, folds beneath gonarcal bridge and beneath mediuncal beak to form deep gonosaccus; gonosaccus with two fields of five to seven short gonosetae on chalazae. Hypandrium internum: arm 0.25-0.37 mm long, distal span between arms 0.24-0.32 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15249C272FEE368016C6F72C2EE2AE85" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="488CDDCBD04DFA90F767C1AAB55D9B93" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Height of S6 ca 0.75 times length, S7 height ca 0.60 times length. Callus cerci round, diameter 0.17-18 mm, with 30-35 trichobothria. T8 roughly quadrate (lateral view) with rounded corners, similar in depth to T6. T9+ectoproct elongate, slanting anteriorly; ventral margin slightly convex, extending slightly below level of gonapophyses laterales. Dorsal margin of S7 with slight taper basally, becoming more pronounced distally; terminus unmodified, with terminal (posteroventral) setae slightly more dense than in other areas. Gonapophysis lateralis rounded to slightly acute dorsally, rounded distally, ventrally, ca 0.53-0.60 height of T9+ectoproct; inner membranous surface not expandable, with ca two vertical rows of short setae. Colleterial complex consisting of membranous gland connected to colleterial reservoir via broad duct, and elongate ribbon-like accessory gland; colleterial gland elongate, delicate, transparent; colleterial reservoir smaller, delicate, transparent, tapering to narrow, granulose, spiny duct; accessory gland narrow, elongate, forked distally, with spiny surface; accessory gland and colleterial duct connected to lightly sclerotized, widened, flattened platform extending from below transverse sclerite; transverse sclerite curved, lightly sclerotized, slender throughout, with long teeth (setae?). Spermatheca with initial (posterior) section scoop-shaped, broad, thick, tapering slightly at base (ca 0.25 mm wide along distal margin x ca 0.20 mm height from tip of distal margin to base of scoop), with elongate, broad, smooth, convoluted tube extending down one side, looping in U-shaped turn, then twisting through several loops before joining bursal duct [tube ca 1.1 mm in total length, ca 0.05 mm in width throughout]; spermathecal invagination not specifically identified. Spermathecal duct extremely long, well sclerotized throughout, densely, tightly coiled, arising from side of scoop-shaped section of spermatheca; coiled length ca 3-5 mm, including membranous, brushy, less coiled distal section, uncoiled length much greater. Bursal duct extending from tip of tubular spermathecal velum, basal section membranous, broad, curved, fluted; surface with striated folds, lateral margins of major folds heavily granulose. Bursa copulatrix small, saccular, extended over spermatheca, slightly into section of S7; ventral surface with small striated folds; dorsal surface smooth; pair of clear, elongate, tubular bursal glands attached dorsally to base of bursa via clear, pipe-fitting-like bases; bursal glands very long, unbranched; surface lightly granulose. Subgenitale with smooth (unfolded), rounded surface, broad, rectangular, robust, bilobed projection extending distally at ca 90° angle to subgenitale surface, lobes large, with minute setae on surface, region between lobes extending distally as smaller, acute lobe; base of bilobed projection with dense transverse folding, with sclerotized, knob-like mesal lobe projecting from pair of scalloped, sclerotized arms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9A526BE1A78ECDDE102172C75A6A204C" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" type="larva">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB6F5009F213214428E5B56BC5940B7C" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Larva.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB7A6FD00715E1D3015DC1545769569E" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
|
||
All instars described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="83AA9C9ECD9730335A2894C8A64B99AC" author="Mantoanelli, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="7 - 18" title="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): larval descriptions, developmental rates, and adult color variation." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0007:LLVNCL]2.0.CO;2" volume="99" year="2006">Mantoanelli et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8B93A666A258F4150A52379916B94980" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C8BCE3AD3B278C395F4047C54098DC7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="98D335A5186F7FBAFB1435AEAE98BB86" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Developmental and survival rates of immature stages under five constant temperatures and larval trash-carrying behavior studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BB6427E7A695765CA9AF31FCA46EC13A" author="Mantoanelli, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="7 - 18" title="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): larval descriptions, developmental rates, and adult color variation." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0007:LLVNCL]2.0.CO;2" volume="99" year="2006">Mantoanelli et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="457C59F7CF1EBBB8DBFD570E19551185" author="Mantoanelli, E" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" pagination="302 - 311" title="Desenvolvimento e comportamento larval de Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Schneider) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) em laboratorio [= Development and larval behavior of Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia (Schneider) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) in the laboratory]." url="10.1590/S0101-81752007000200006" volume="24" year="2007">Mantoanelli and Albuquerque (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ED67E6543B12360C3E63E130361D973" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D9FCA096B41225C42B1B7B890F68F52" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1946866AA653271FDBFC780D35271C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The coloration of the head, mesonotum and metanotum is the most obvious variation expressed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39EF0FA4C6313DC6F42FCE4307E67979" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="6348D881C12790F43E0A886C85D5AA51" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" start="start">Leucochrysa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Leucochrysa) varia
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[see above]. However, color is not the only feature that varies among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF83558AE037396053D65AFD3E9D9BF8" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens. For example, the expansion of abdominal segments 4-9 and the degree of sclerotization of the integument varies greatly among both male and female specimens (see Figs 10, 12). Differences in sclerotization are particularly noticeable in the ventral apodemes of the male T9+ectoproct (Fig. 10). We suspect that these features (abdominal expansion and integumental sclerotization) are at least partially a function of age and developmental or reproductive maturation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CFAD685533E703F929B82E502CEFBBE3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Two features, specific to males, also show considerable variation. First, the breadth of the elongate mediuncal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A67DCA158F660726EF5FE1CC5E22E0A7" originalValue="“rods”">"rods"</normalizedToken>
|
||
varies. For example, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CA72A494FEDB85B1F73EC04F649B5FC" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa internata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="internata">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="1105331B1484D8454B7C2A43EF1EDB87" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" start="start">Chrysopa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
internata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="729EB81DAEAD7127F847765DC07B4A96" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
] has very broad mediuncal rods (Fig. 3), whereas the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0CF6166746EACC748C5BBB9F4122319" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia">Chrysopa varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
type [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C74F1C781F90DF039148412EBCD5678" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" subGenus="Leucochrysa">Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia</taxonomicName>
|
||
] has considerably narrower ones (Fig. 1). Other specimens express a range in size between these two specimens (Fig. 11). Finally, the pattern of microtholi on the third abdominal sternite varies among males. In one specimen from Ecuador, the microtholi were restricted to a relatively small lateral patch; they were absent from the mesal region of the sternite. In another specimen, this one from Brazil, microtholi were present along the entire lateral region of the sternite and also in a strip along the posterior margin. Whether this variation has a geographical component is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9E951E9B3CD3864470680E1509BCDECF" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C2C4346521E7D214992677480D906AAF" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">Material examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A346547838BC753342C7647EC76CA7B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">
|
||
(in addition to the types listed above). Argentina.
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="CC80DE4D1C87849D1C5C625CA873AC5A" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" start="start">Salta</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: Cafayate,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C1FD57B1BF741664EA38662663F8EEE7" originalValue="ii–iv">ii-iv</normalizedToken>
|
||
.1968, Hayward (2♂, 3♀, USNM). Brazil. Mato Grosso: Itiquira [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6C8CF70AD32946F694746FB166ADFDDD" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.2">17°12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="22F8209C1CC669C08EAC43AEE574E854" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-54.15">54°09'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 522 m, 17.i.1996, 2♂, V. Cruz; idem, 26.viii.1996, 2♂, V. Cruz; idem, 5.x.1996, 1♂, V. Cruz; 18.x.1996, 1♂, 3♀, V. Cruz; idem, 31.xii.1996, 2♂, V. Cruz; idem, 13.i.1997, 1♀, S. Freitas (all FCAV-UNESP). Minas Gerais: Caratinga, 19.ix.2011, S. Freitas & F. Sosa (2♂, 2♀, UCOB).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D96A00603762259F28456812C8DE2BEA" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Rio Xingu Camp, ca 60 km S. Altamira [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="972B89BB21ACDBD319D6912F6D623EBF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.65">3°39'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1CAAAEB072BCF56CC7FCB68301C35FB1" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.366665">52°22'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 2-8.x.1986, malaise trap, night collection, P. Spangler & O. Flint (1♀, USNM). Bahia: Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita, Fazenda Paris, 200 m, 6.x.2005, G. S. Albuquerque, M. J. Tauber, C. A. Tauber Expedition, Oct. 2005 (15♂, 11♀, UCB). Distrito Federal: CENARGEN Farm nr.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D584FDA2DB989238267FACE5A6F4660D" originalValue="Núcleo">Nucleo</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bandeirante, 20.iii.1999, M. J. & C. A. Tauber (2♂, 3♀, UCB); idem, 9.v.2002 (2♂, UCB). Rio de Janeiro: Parque Estadual do Desengano, Santa Maria Madalena, Terras Frias, 30.iii.1999, M. J., C. A. & P. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque (3♂, 2♀, UCB); idem, 15.v.2002, M. J., C. A., P. J. & A. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque, E. A. Silva (9♂, 6♀, UCB); idem, 28.x.2003, G. S. Albuquerque, M. J. Tauber, C. A. Tauber Expedition, Oct-Nov 2003 (1♀, UCB); idem, 22.iv.2004, G. S. Albuquerque, M. J. Tauber, C. A. Tauber Expedition, April 2004 (16♂, 10♀, UCB); Parque Estadual do Desengano, Campos dos Goytacazes,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0E992190E9C23F2ED100A8DBD4473C75" originalValue="Babilônia">Babilonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 26.iii.1999, M. J., C. A. & P. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque (9♂, 6♀, UCB); idem, 21 & 27.iii.2001, M. J., C. A. & P. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque (5♂, 3♀, UCB); idem, 20.v.2002, M. J., C. A., P. J. & A. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque, E. A. Silva (6♂, UCB); Parque Estadual do Desengano, Campos dos Goytacazes, Santo
|
||
<normalizedToken id="069A79D8CFE6BD16CA7F77230D7E7B4C" originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
|
||
do
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ECCA56612D6B52E2291EF4EF49085693" originalValue="Imbé">Imbe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 24 & 31.iii.1999, M. J., C. A. & P. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque (8♂, 2♀, UCB); idem, 27.iii.2001, M. J., C. A. & P. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque (1♂, 1♀, UCB); idem, 1 & 5.v.2003, G. S. Albuquerque, M. J. Tauber, C. A. Tauber Expedition, April-May 2003 (2♂, UCB); Parque Estadual do Desengano, Campos dos Goytacazes, Sossego, 25.iii.1999, M. J., C. A. & P. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque (1♂, 1♀, UCB); Parque Estadual do Desengano, Campos dos Goytacazes, Fazenda Pedrinho, 3.v.2003, G. S. Albuquerque, M. J. Tauber, C. A. Tauber Expedition, Apr.-May 2003 (1♂, UCB); near Parque Estadual do Desengano, Campos dos Goytacazes, Fazenda Boa Vista, M. J., C. A. & P. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque (8♂, 6♀, 1 teneral, UCB); Campos dos Goytacazes, Dist. de Morangaba, Fazenda
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FD5A725CF8ED7C71044F62866E3D36DD" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A77B0A7258C4C4BA921C243C1EBDE0E2" originalValue="Julião">Juliao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 18.x.2005, M. J. & C. A. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque (2♂, 1♀, UCB); Campos dos Goytacazes,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8F1917BFDE77BE0B629DEEBCCD3CE9A6" originalValue="Conceição">Conceicao</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Macabu, Santo Agostinho, 21.v.2002, M. J., C. A., P. J. & A. J. Tauber, G. S. Albuquerque, E. A. Silva (1♂, UCB); Campos dos Goytacazes,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BF538CB0CA25C55CAEABDBA666C8C438" originalValue="Conceição">Conceicao</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Macabu, Fazenda Carrapeta, 29.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A29EB0A23AE47DB0EEC02382137EF5FD" originalValue="iv–">iv-</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.v.2003, G. S. Albuquerque, M. J. Tauber, C. A. Tauber Expedition, Apr.-May 2003 (1♂, UCB); idem, 23.iv.2004, G. S. Albuquerque, M. J. Tauber, C. A. Tauber Expedition, April 2004 (11♂, 4♀, UCB); Ilha Grande, 01.vi.2002, G. S. Albuquerque (1♂, UCB).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29EAF191879280A6D5C749BFFEA8C05A" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6CDE329A491A1B44D0A04BDEE771765F" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vicente [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9729B6D8EB3EC2853F82BC5688AC9E80" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.95">23°57'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABF4CB856E7CED7CF34C32E280EE8ECD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-46.383335">46°23'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 916 m, 21.x.2009, S. Freitas (1♀, FCAV-UNESP).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C90549DC064956325E7F399C2DAA8519" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 62 km s. Ariquemes, 8-20.xi.1994, W. J. Hanson (1♀, USU); idem, 22-31.x.1997 (1♀, USU). Ecuador. Orellana [Napo*]:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8903C02F43BE5720068CE83037803808" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
|
||
Res. Sta. [0°38'S, 6°36'W [Sic!, probably 76°36'], 250 m, 19-30.x.1996, W. J. Hanson (1♀, USU); idem, 18-30.x.1998, W. J. Hanson (1♀, USU); Misahualli nr. Tena, 3-8.x.1999, S. R. Keller (1♂, USU); idem, 26.viii-2.ix.2000, S. & P. Keller (1♀, USU); idem, 6-19.x.2001, C. Branimer (1♀, USU); Yasuni Biol. Res. Sta. [ca
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6D6B53B4D3698D9D5CC3FBB6F1B75A0D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.6666667">0°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="97CCF21829263E102B7C66C6B77C62F8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.4">76°24'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] 1-7.xi.2002, E. M. Fisher (1♂, 1♀, CAS); Coca [= Puerto Francisco de Orellana] [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C70259BCEC1962CB8B4670F4943209CC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.05">0°03'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2BEFEAD24EE43591954B9A79A6F1FA94" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.666664">79°40'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], v.1965, L. C.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="659278B965547F327F231E1E6D555BC9" originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1♂, CAS). Peru. Madre de Dios: Tambopata, 15 km NE Pto. Maldonado, 200 m, 25.vi.1989, R. A. Leschen #177, ex malaise trap (1♀, SEM);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB25A77A6F96874A347849F2CA2BC874" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Tambopata Res., 30 km (air) sw Pto. Maldonado [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A99D6C96E3699E8AAF956C7EBB9AC2F3" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.833333">12°50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BB00A2B67DF75097B0056F49C4DF51F0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.333336">69°20'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 290 m, 08.xi.1984, T. L. Erwin, canopy fogging 04/01 (1♀ alcohol, USNM); idem, 02.v.1984, T. L. Erwin et al., canopy fogging project 02/03 (1♀ alcohol, USNM); Pakitza, Zone 02 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="805F337B8770EFC1E97D37B62FC73046" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-11.93">11°55'48"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="497ABBD26365EEC018400904559CBE56" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-71.58833">71°35'18"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 9.ix.1988, insecticidal fog, canopy/pouteria, BIOLAT 02180413, T. L. Erwin (1♀ alcohol, USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7277C0CD02E1B2B14836DDD7234B39B" pageId="18" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="00DECA85534766C1C3F2CAE61E2AE165" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" start="start">[</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Note: * The
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5CBD590EFAA15B6F27DCF69C4D2EC8DA" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
|
||
Research Station is located in Orellana (a province that was separated from Napo province in 1998).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B1320A6B043A7220D69590275F2E2D26" originalValue="Ecuador’s">Ecuador's</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire
|
||
<normalizedToken id="04CAFAF81AA3CE71183107BA5F6D6E56" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
|
||
Biosphere Reserve (established by UNESCO in 1989) encompasses a large area between the Napo River in the north and west and the Curaray River in the south and east; in terms of biological diversity, it is an extremely rich area.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |