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<document id="EE04BECDE03E3367EA2A4D434534D2F3" ID-CLB-Dataset="22314" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79a0c24b-e358-45f1-ad20-c0a87bfafad3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814514" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588885492795" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dowsett, Robert J. &amp; Gregory, Steven M. S." docDate="2020" docId="03D3C830FFD0201844DDB6A8EECA0E99" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4772.1.7.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4772 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pardipicus nivosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="FFEAB048FFD02018444AB52DED250915" masterDocTitle="The correct genus for the Afrotropical woodpeckers Campethera caroli and Campethera nivosa (Aves: Piciformes, Picidae)" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="189" pageNumber="189" updateTime="1698838984383" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="89A2298E77632F4E0C8AC8E8B982258C">The correct genus for the Afrotropical woodpeckers Campethera caroli and Campethera nivosa (Aves: Piciformes, Picidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51B1386364921FEE443444CB6E5C5B7D">Dowsett, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="414371B1569E5BE9BE44781B7A0FE0EC">Le Pouget, Sumène 30440, France. E-mail: Dowsett @ aol. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1D97510ACF92A6C2B826CD655F496E1C">Gregory, Steven M. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9E90F066CABCE348503BDF0CE7782D6C">35 Monarch Road, Northampton NN 2 6 EH, UK. E-mail: sgregory. avium @ ntlworld. com</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03D3C830FFD0201844DDB6A8EECA0E99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3815550" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163977368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3815550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3C830FFD0201844DDB6A8EECA0E99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3C830FFD0201844DDB6A8EECA0E99" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
<subSubSection id="C3602AADFFD0201844DDB6A8EE6B0E50" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC57926FFD0201844DDB6A8E9C20D1D" blockId="0.[151,1437,901,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
A recent molecular study by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018458CB6A8EFA80A88" author="Fuchs, J. &amp; Pons, J. - M. &amp; Bowie, R. C. K." box="[454,653,901,925]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="88 - 100" refId="ref1012" refString="Fuchs, J., Pons, J. - M. &amp; Bowie, R. C. K. (2017) Biogeography and diversification dynamics of the African woodpeckers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 108, 88 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2017.01.007" type="journal article" year="2017">
Fuchs
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184646B6A8EF1F0A88" box="[524,570,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
has shown that two Afrotropical woodpeckers usually placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201844DDB684ECE80AD4" authority="G. R. Gray, 1841" authorityName="G. R. Gray" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,461,937,961]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Campethera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201844DDB684EC3E0AD4" box="[151,283,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Campethera</emphasis>
G.R.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184512B684ECE80AD4" author="Gray, G. R." box="[344,461,937,961]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1070" refString="Gray, G. R. (1841) A List of the Genera of Birds. 2 nd Edition. R. &amp; J. Taylor, London, xii + 115 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119636" type="book" year="1841">Gray, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018466DB684EE6C0AD4" author="Dickinson, E. C. &amp; Remsen, J. V. Jr." box="[551,841,937,961]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref961" refString="Dickinson, E. C. &amp; Remsen, J. V. Jr. (2013) The Howard &amp; Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 1. Non-Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, xlx + 461 pp." type="book" year="2013">Dickinson &amp; Remsen 2013</bibRefCitation>
; del
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184732B684E9710AD4" author="Hoyo, J. &amp; Collar, N. J." box="[888,1108,937,961]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1258" refString="del Hoyo, J. &amp; Collar, N. J. (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1. Non- Passerines. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 903 pp." type="book" year="2014">Hoyo &amp; Collar 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184017B684E80D0AD4" author="Winkler, H. &amp; Gamauf, A. &amp; Nittinger, F. &amp; Haring, E." box="[1117,1320,937,961]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="69 - 86" refId="ref1545" refString="Winkler, H., Gamauf, A., Nittinger, F. &amp; Haring, E. (2014) Relationships of Old World woodpeckers (Aves: Picidae) - new insights and taxonomic implications. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 116, 69 - 86." type="journal article" year="2014">
Winkler
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201840F2B684E9C30AD4" box="[1208,1254,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
)—Browneared Woodpecker
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018452DB6E0EFA90AF1" authority="(Malherbe, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Malherbe" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[359,652,972,997]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Chloropicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caroli">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018452DB6E0ECE20AF0" box="[359,455,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">C. caroli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018459DB6E0EFA00AF1" author="Malherbe, A." box="[471,645,972,997]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="550 - 555" refId="ref1301" refString="Malherbe, A. (1852) Description de nouvelles especes de Picidae. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Apliquee, Series 2, 4, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1852">Malherbe, 1852</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and Buff-spotted Woodpecker
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201847AAB6E0E82F0AF0" authority="(Swainson, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Swainson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[992,1290,973,997]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Campethera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivosa">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201847AAB6E0E9620AF1" box="[992,1095,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">C. nivosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018401DB6E0E8260AF0" author="Swainson, W." box="[1111,1283,973,997]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1431" refString="Swainson, W. (1837) Birds of Western Africa. Vol. 2. Henry G. Bohn, London, 263 pp." type="book" year="1837">Swainson, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—are generically distinct from others of that genus, which has as
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD020184685B6DCEFD80D1C" box="[719,765,1009,1033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018471DB6DCE9C10D1D" authority="Valenciennes, 1826" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1826" box="[855,1252,1008,1033]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018471DB6DCE92F0D1C" box="[855,1034,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Picus maculosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018405BB6DCE9C10D1D" author="Valenciennes, A." box="[1041,1252,1008,1033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1457" refString="Valenciennes, A. (1826) Cuvier, F., Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite methodiquement des differens Etres de la Nature ... Vol. 40. F. G. Levrault, Strasbourg &amp; Paris, 492 pp." type="book" year="1826">Valenciennes, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC57926FFD02018448DB138EC0A0D8D" blockId="0.[151,1437,901,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018448DB138EC9C0D39" author="Fuchs, J. &amp; Pons, J. - M. &amp; Bowie, R. C. K." box="[199,441,1044,1069]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="88 - 100" refId="ref1012" refString="Fuchs, J., Pons, J. - M. &amp; Bowie, R. C. K. (2017) Biogeography and diversification dynamics of the African woodpeckers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 108, 88 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2017.01.007" type="journal article" year="2017">
Fuchs
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184547B138EC660D38" box="[269,323,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
(2017: 96)
</bibRefCitation>
suggest that these two species should be placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018400EB138E84E0D39" authority="Malherbe, 1861" authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1861" box="[1092,1387,1044,1069]" class="Aves" genus="Stictopicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018400EB138E99C0D39" box="[1092,1209,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Stictopicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018408AB138E84E0D39" author="Malherbe, A." box="[1216,1387,1044,1069]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1333" refString="Malherbe, A. (1861) Monographie des Picidees, ou Histoire Naturelle des Picides, Picumnines, Yuncines ou Torcols. Vol. I. J. Verronnais, Metz, lxx + 214 pp." type="book" year="1861">Malherbe, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, following
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201844A2B114ECA90D44" author="Wolters, H. E." box="[232,396,1081,1105]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="161 - 240" refId="ref1599" refString="Wolters, H. E. (1977) Die Vogelarten der Erde; Eine Systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie Deutschen und Englischen Namen, Lieferung 3. Parey, Hamburg and Berlin, 80 pp. [pp. 161 - 240]" type="book chapter" year="1977">Wolters (1977)</bibRefCitation>
. However, that genus has as
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD02018468EB114EFD70D44" box="[708,754,1081,1105]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
species the Nubian Woodpecker
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184010B114E8B90D44" authority="Boddaert, 1783" authorityName="Boddaert" authorityYear="1783" box="[1114,1436,1081,1105]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubicus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184010B114E9CA0D44" box="[1114,1263,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Picus nubicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201840BDB114E8B90D44" author="Boddaert, P." box="[1271,1436,1081,1105]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref798" refString="Boddaert, P. (1783) Table des Planches Enlumineez d'Histoire Naturelle de M. D'Aubenton. Unkown publisher, Utrecht, xv + 58 + 9 pp." type="book" year="1783">Boddaert, 1783</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201844D4B170EC600D61" author="Malherbe, A." box="[158,325,1116,1141]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1333" refString="Malherbe, A. (1861) Monographie des Picidees, ou Histoire Naturelle des Picides, Picumnines, Yuncines ou Torcols. Vol. I. J. Verronnais, Metz, lxx + 214 pp." type="book" year="1861">Malherbe 1861</bibRefCitation>
: liii), whereas Malherbe on the same page showed
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018472AB170E9F00D61" authority="Malherbe, 1852" authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1852" box="[864,1237,1116,1141]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Chloropicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caroli">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018472AB170E90D0D60" box="[864,1064,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Chloropicus caroli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184067B170E9F00D61" author="Malherbe, A." box="[1069,1237,1116,1141]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="550 - 555" refId="ref1301" refString="Malherbe, A. (1852) Description de nouvelles especes de Picidae. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Apliquee, Series 2, 4, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1852">Malherbe, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the sole species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201844FEB1ACEC0D0D8C" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[180,296,1153,1177]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201844FEB1ACEC0D0D8C" box="[180,296,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC57926FFD02018448DB188EC270F14" blockId="0.[151,1437,901,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
In fact the generic name
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184598B188EF630DA8" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[466,582,1189,1213]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184598B188EF630DA8" box="[466,582,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first introduced by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184701B188E96E0DA8" author="Bonaparte, C. - L." box="[843,1099,1188,1213]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="105 - 152" refId="ref828" refString="Bonaparte, C. - L. (1854 a) Conspectus Systematis Ornithologiae. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zool o gie, Series 4, 1, 105 - 152. [before April]" type="journal article" year="1854">Bonaparte (1854a: 129)</bibRefCitation>
, but there it is a
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201840B5B188E8B30DA8" box="[1279,1430,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nomen nudum</emphasis>
. It was subsequently validated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201845B2B1E4EFDD0DF4" author="Bonaparte, C. - L." box="[504,760,1224,1249]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="116 - 129" refId="ref865" refString="Bonaparte, C. - L. (1854 b) [s. n.]. L'Ateneo Italiano, 2 (8), 116 - 129. [= Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, 1 - 14, May 15]" type="journal article" year="1854">Bonaparte (1854b: 124)</bibRefCitation>
, with four nominal species included:
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201840CFB1E4E83D0DF5" box="[1157,1304,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nigri-guttatus</emphasis>
Verr.,
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184114B1E4EDFC0C10" authority="Malh." authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1852" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Chloropicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caroli">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184114B1E4E8B80DF4" box="[1374,1437,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">caroli</emphasis>
Malh.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201844A9B1C0EC470C10" authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[227,354,1261,1285]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivosus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201844A9B1C0EC160C11" box="[227,307,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nivosus</emphasis>
Sw.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201845D2B1C0ECD30C10" box="[408,502,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">pardinus</emphasis>
Temm.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184606B1C0EFD30C10" author="Gray, G. R." box="[588,758,1260,1285]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1119" refString="Gray, G. R. (1855) Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 192 pp." type="book" year="1855">Gray (1855: 93)</bibRefCitation>
appeared to select “
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184780B1C0E9F40C10" authority="Verr" authorityName="Verr" box="[970,1233,1261,1285]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriguttatus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184780B1C0E9B00C11" box="[970,1173,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Picus nigriguttatus</emphasis>
Verr
</taxonomicName>
[eaux].” as the
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD020184122B1C0E8BC0C10" box="[1384,1433,1261,1285]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
. However this was only a MS name, and as shown by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201846AAB03CEE940C3C" author="Hargitt, E." box="[736,945,1297,1321]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1154" refString="Hargitt, E. (1890) Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum. Vol. 18. Picidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, xv + 597 pp." type="book" year="1890">Hargitt (1890: 304)</bibRefCitation>
it is associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201840DDB03CE8050C3C" box="[1175,1312,1297,1321]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201840DDB03CE8050C3C" box="[1175,1312,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Dendrobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018412DB03CEDD60C58" authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1849" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Dendropicos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018412DB03CEDD60C58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Dendropicos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018454EB018EC590C58" baseAuthorityName="J. Verreaux &amp; E. Verreaux" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[260,380,1333,1357]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Dendropicos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonensis">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018454EB018EC590C58" box="[260,380,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">gabonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.P. &amp; J.B.E.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018465FB018EF990C59" author="Verreaux, J. &amp; Verreaux, E." box="[533,700,1332,1356]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="513 - 516" refId="ref1503" refString="Verreaux, J. &amp; Verreaux, E. (1851) Description d'especes nouvelles d'oiseaux du Gabon (cote occidentale d'Afrique). Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Apliquee, Series 2, 3, 513 - 516." type="journal article" year="1851">Verreaux, 1851</bibRefCitation>
, doubtless the nominate form. Thus the designation of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184158B018E8B90C59" box="[1298,1436,1333,1356]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriguttatus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184158B018E8B90C59" box="[1298,1436,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nigriguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD020184495B074EC280C64" box="[223,269,1369,1393]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018457EB074EC8D0C64" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[308,424,1369,1393]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018457EB074EC8D0C64" box="[308,424,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, repeated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184674B074EE360C64" author="Hargitt, E." box="[574,787,1369,1393]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1154" refString="Hargitt, E. (1890) Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum. Vol. 18. Picidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, xv + 597 pp." type="book" year="1890">Hargitt (1890: 293)</bibRefCitation>
, is not supportable.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201847BBB074E9820C65" author="Malherbe, A." box="[1009,1191,1368,1393]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1333" refString="Malherbe, A. (1861) Monographie des Picidees, ou Histoire Naturelle des Picides, Picumnines, Yuncines ou Torcols. Vol. I. J. Verronnais, Metz, lxx + 214 pp." type="book" year="1861">Malherbe (1861)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184162B074E8B90C64" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[1320,1436,1369,1393]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184162B074E8B90C64" box="[1320,1436,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
three times in his text, in addition to the table on p. liii, although in association with “
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184077B050E9E20C81" box="[1085,1223,1405,1428]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriguttatus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184077B050E9E20C81" box="[1085,1223,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nigriguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” on pp. lvii and lx. Unfortunately none of these would appear to be a valid
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD0201846A6B08CEE3F0CAC" box="[748,794,1441,1465]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
designation, although
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184044B08CE82E0CAD" author="Reichenow, A." box="[1038,1291,1440,1465]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1405" refString="Reichenow, A. (1902) Die Vogel Afrikas. Band 2 (1). J. Neumann, Neudamm, 384 pp." type="book" year="1902">Reichenow (1902: 167)</bibRefCitation>
had accepted Malherbe’s emendation [nec Bp., 1854], listing
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201846D6B0E8EE350CC8" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[668,784,1477,1501]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201846D6B0E8EE350CC8" box="[668,784,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184705B0E8EEAB0CC8" authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1852" box="[847,910,1477,1501]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Chloropicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caroli">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184705B0E8EEAB0CC8" box="[847,910,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">caroli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD0201847FEB0E8EEC00CC8" box="[948,997,1477,1501]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
, and repeated Gray’s invalid designation on p. 191.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC57926FFD02018448DB320ECA80FCD" blockId="0.[151,1437,901,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
The synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201845C5B320EF360F30" authorityName="G. R. Gray" authorityYear="1841" box="[399,531,1549,1573]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Campethera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201845C5B320EF360F30" box="[399,531,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Campethera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
listed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201846CAB320EE6D0F31" author="Peters, J. L." box="[640,840,1548,1573]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1371" refString="Peters, J. L. (1948) Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. VI. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, vii + 259 pp." type="book" year="1948">Peters (1948: 116)</bibRefCitation>
did not include
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201847B6B320E9550F30" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[1020,1136,1549,1573]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201847B6B320E9550F30" box="[1020,1136,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the extensive footnote in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201844F9B31CECD70F5C" author="Cabanis, J. L. &amp; Heine, F." box="[179,498,1584,1609]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref908" refString="Cabanis, J. L. &amp; Heine, F. (1863) Museum Heineanum: Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine. Museum Ornithologicum Heineanum. Pars IV. Scansores. Section II. Picidae. Frantz'schen Buchhandlung (G. Loose), Halberstadt, 180 pp." type="book" year="1863">Cabanis &amp; Heine (1863: 130)</bibRefCitation>
simply reiterated the species included by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201847FCB31CE9A70F5D" author="Bonaparte, C. - L." box="[950,1154,1584,1608]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="116 - 129" refId="ref865" refString="Bonaparte, C. - L. (1854 b) [s. n.]. L'Ateneo Italiano, 2 (8), 116 - 129. [= Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, 1 - 14, May 15]" type="journal article" year="1854">Bonaparte (1854b)</bibRefCitation>
, and that
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201840A1B31CE84A0F5D" author="Gray, G. R." box="[1259,1391,1584,1609]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref1119" refString="Gray, G. R. (1855) Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 192 pp." type="book" year="1855">Gray (1855)</bibRefCitation>
had ‘selected’ “
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018455AB378ECBF0F79" authority="Verr." authorityName="Verr." box="[272,410,1621,1644]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriguttatus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018455AB378ECBF0F79" box="[272,410,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nigriguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” Verr. as the
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD020184660B378EF7E0F78" box="[554,603,1621,1645]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
, associating it with
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184765B378EEED0F78" baseAuthorityName="J. Verreaux &amp; E. Verreaux" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[815,968,1621,1645]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Dendropicos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonensis">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184765B378EEED0F78" box="[815,968,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">D. gabonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD02018479CB378E9BF0F78" author="Heine, F." box="[982,1178,1620,1645]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="186 - 203" refId="ref1189" refString="Heine, F. (1860) Review of &quot; Catalogue of birds collected on the rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. du Chaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species by John Cassin &quot;. Journal fur Ornithologie, 8, 186 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02015739" type="journal article" year="1860">Heine (1860: 192)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184140B378E8B80F79" box="[1290,1437,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Stictocraugus</emphasis>
as a
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184483B354EC7B0F85" box="[201,350,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nomen novum</emphasis>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201845C7B354EF980F85" authority="Bonaparte, 1854" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[397,701,1656,1681]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201845C7B354EF240F84" box="[397,513,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
Bonaparte, 1854
</taxonomicName>
, but with no associated species mentioned. The next available name would seem to be
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184512B3B0EE340FA0" authority="Cabanis &amp; Heine, 1863: 131" authorityName="Cabanis &amp; Heine" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1863" box="[344,785,1692,1717]" class="Aves" genus="Cnipotheres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184512B3B0ECFC0FA0" box="[344,473,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Cnipotheres</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD0201845AAB3B0EE340FA0" author="Cabanis, J. L. &amp; Heine, F." box="[480,785,1692,1717]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" refId="ref908" refString="Cabanis, J. L. &amp; Heine, F. (1863) Museum Heineanum: Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine. Museum Ornithologicum Heineanum. Pars IV. Scansores. Section II. Picidae. Frantz'schen Buchhandlung (G. Loose), Halberstadt, 180 pp." type="book" year="1863">Cabanis &amp; Heine, 1863: 131</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD020184718B3B0EEA50FA0" box="[850,896,1693,1717]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
by monotypy,
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184055B3B0E9140FA1" box="[1055,1073,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">C</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184073B3B0E98C0FA0" box="[1081,1193,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nipotheres</emphasis>
].
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201840F5B3B0E9DB0FA0" authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1852" box="[1215,1278,1693,1717]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Chloropicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caroli">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201840F5B3B0E9DB0FA0" box="[1215,1278,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">caroli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184153B3B0ECAC0FCD" authority="Malherbe, 1852" authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1852" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Chloropicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caroli">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184153B3B0EDF30FCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Chloropicus caroli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184497B3ECECAC0FCD" author="Malherbe, A." box="[221,393,1728,1753]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="550 - 555" refId="ref1301" refString="Malherbe, A. (1852) Description de nouvelles especes de Picidae. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Apliquee, Series 2, 4, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1852">Malherbe, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC57926FFD02018448DB3C8EE6B0E50" blockId="0.[151,1437,901,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
We believe this difficult situation is best resolved by recognizing the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201847A7B3C8E8390FE9" authority="Bonaparte, 1854" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[1005,1308,1764,1789]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201847A7B3C8E9440FE8" box="[1005,1121,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
Bonaparte, 1854
</taxonomicName>
. Of the four taxa associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184536B224ECD50E34" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[380,496,1801,1825]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184536B224ECD50E34" box="[380,496,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Bonaparte, we reject the MS name
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201847E9B224E9080E35" box="[931,1069,1801,1824]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriguttatus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201847E9B224E9080E35" box="[931,1069,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">nigriguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is a form of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184159B224EC670E50" authority="Malherbe, 1849" authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1849" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Dendropicos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184159B224E8B90E34" box="[1299,1436,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Dendropicos</emphasis>
Malherbe, 1849
</taxonomicName>
, and of the three that can be related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184690B200EE6B0E50" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[730,846,1837,1861]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184690B200EE6B0E50" box="[730,846,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3602AADFFD02018471EB200E81F0E7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BC57926FFD02018471EB200E81F0E7C" blockId="0.[151,1437,901,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
we choose and designate
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018402BB200EDE90E7D" authority="Malherbe, 1852" authorityName="Malherbe" authorityYear="1852" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Chloropicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caroli">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018402BB200E80C0E50" box="[1121,1321,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Chloropicus caroli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB04D7FFD020184165B200EDE90E7D" author="Malherbe, A." pageId="0" pageNumber="189" pagination="550 - 555" refId="ref1301" refString="Malherbe, A. (1852) Description de nouvelles especes de Picidae. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Apliquee, Series 2, 4, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1852">Malherbe, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="54C1C784FFD020184550B27CEC6D0E7C" box="[282,328,1873,1897]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
species.
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201845E1B27CEF3A0E7C" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[427,543,1873,1897]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201845E1B27CEF3A0E7C" box="[427,543,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a masculine genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD02018475FB27CEE8A0E7C" ID-CoL="63MCB" authority="in Latin" authorityName="in Latin" box="[789,943,1873,1897]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD02018475FB27CEE750E7D" box="[789,848,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Picus</emphasis>
in Latin
</taxonomicName>
, a woodpecker and other meanings),
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3602AADFFD020184108B27CEE330E98" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC57926FFD020184108B27CEE330E98" blockId="0.[151,1437,901,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
and thus the species formerly known as
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD0201845A8B258EF960E99" ID-CoL="7RVBF" baseAuthorityName="Swainson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[482,691,1909,1933]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Campethera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivosa">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD0201845A8B258EF960E99" box="[482,691,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Campethera nivosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3602AADFFD020184757B258EECA0E99" box="[797,1007,1909,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC57926FFD020184757B258EECA0E99" blockId="0.[151,1437,901,1933]" box="[797,1007,1909,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A02A5FFD020184757B258EECD0E99" ID-CoL="7W9M6" box="[797,1000,1909,1933]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Pardipicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivosus">
<emphasis id="B90EA534FFD020184757B258EECD0E99" box="[797,1000,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="189">Pardipicus nivosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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