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<mods:title id="13F9C47768EF5444F5344D5BF65457BF">Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2758305F99B714DC1E05B2F61B35AD80">Maxwell, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A5CE7E69CEF74962A5A08B61BEE43F3C">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Stephen. maxwell @ my. jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4328 - 6171</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2EE994E0217D8ED0E9B502873200D970">Rymer, Tasmin L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DBBB67A53F641749F76952E6F2F3F3AB">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Tamsin. rymer @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9963 - 6345</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EBA0E9F4AF2AC367CC16679E7BA83F51">Congdon, Bradley C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="298DAB7A964129D0D629F2AC8F3C7664">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; brad. congdon @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8751 - 0892</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039B87838747FFEEFF1EF58A1625FF47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026837" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183411041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5026837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87838747FFEEFF1EF58A1625FF47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87838747FFEEFF1EF58A1625FF47" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEDFF1EF58A11F3FA58" box="[151,733,1456,1483]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF1EF58A11F3FA58" blockId="29.[151,733,1456,1519]" box="[151,733,1456,1483]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFF1EF58A11F3FA58" authority="(de Gregorio, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="de Gregorio" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,733,1456,1483]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="propedistortus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF1EF58A11F3FA58" bold="true" box="[151,733,1456,1483]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF1EF58A12CDFA59" bold="true" box="[151,483,1456,1483]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Paraseraphs propedistortus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFE7AF58A11FBFA58" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[499,725,1456,1482]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" refId="ref34236" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1880) Fauna di S. Giovanni Ilarione (Parisiano). Part 1. Cefalopodi e Gasteropodi. Montaina, Palermo, 106 pp." type="book" year="1880">de Gregorio, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEDFF1EF5EE1224FA7D" box="[151,266,1492,1519]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF1EF5EE1224FA7D" blockId="29.[151,733,1456,1519]" box="[151,266,1492,1519]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<figureCitation id="13092A108747FFEDFF1EF5EE1224FA7D" box="[151,266,1492,1519]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,188,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[213,1374,181,1628]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraseraphs Jung, 1974. A. Paraseraphs ameri (Abbass, 1967), Holotype, EMC, Gastropod Section, G363, incomplete (Abbass 1967, p. 61, pl. VIII, fig. 6). B. Paraseraphs armoricensis (Cossmann, 1897), Dumas Collection, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 1618). C. Paraseraphs cantamessae Maxwell et al., 2018a, holotype, USNM 135097A, length 56.9 mm (Maxwell et al. 2018a, fig. 1). D. Paraseraphs erraticus (Cooper, 1894)), UCMP 15820, length 26.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 810). E. Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H14491, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 1618). F. Paraseraphs praecedens Caze et al., 2010, holotype, MNHN A05707, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 19 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 29E, F). G. Paraseraphs procerus (Merian, 1844), holotype, NMB H14374, length 71.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2). H. Paraseraphs propedistortus (de Gregorio, 1880), NMB H14509, length 53.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 11, figs. 1213). I. Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H15409, length 28.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 57). J) Paraseraphs texanopsis Garvie, 2013, Texas Natural Science Centre, UT(Austin), NPL46617, length 53.3 mm (Garvie 2013, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026795/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Figure 7H</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEDFF1EF6231114F9FC" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF1EF6231114F9FC" blockId="29.[151,1436,1561,1646]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB8747FFEDFF1EF6231114F9FC" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
1880
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFF59F62311E4F9A3" authority="de Gregorio" authorityName="de Gregorio" box="[208,714,1561,1585]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="fusiforme" subSpecies="propedistortum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF59F6231169F9A3" box="[208,583,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Terebellum fusiforme propedistortum</emphasis>
de Gregorio
</taxonomicName>
, p. 20, pl. V, fig. 17.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848747FFEDFC17F62317BFF9A3" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[926,1169,1561,1585]" page="38" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFC17F623177CF9A3" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[926,1106,1561,1585]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref34308" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1896) Description des Faunes Tertiaires de la Venetie Monographie des Fossiles Eoceniques de Ronca. Annales de Geologie et de Paleontologie, 21, 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1896">de Gregorio 1896</bibRefCitation>
, p. 38
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3, fig. 6. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFAA5F62312C8F9C2" authority="de Gregorio" authorityName="de Gregorio" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="propedistortum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFAA5F623124CF9C2" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Terebellum propedistortum</emphasis>
de Gregorio
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848747FFEDFD89F6021181F9C2" author="Jung, P." box="[512,687,1592,1616]" page="38" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFD89F6021142F9C2" author="Jung, P." box="[512,620,1592,1616]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 38
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848747FFEDFD32F60210BFF9C2" author="Pacaud J. - M." box="[699,913,1592,1616]" page="727" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFD32F602106FF9C2" author="Pacaud J. - M." box="[699,833,1592,1616]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="721 - 729" refId="ref39681" refString="Pacaud J. - M. (2008) Terebellomimus quaggiottoi n. gen., n. sp. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Littorinimorpha, Rostellariidae) du Lutetien inferieur (Eocene moyen) du Vicentin (Italie). Geodiversitas, 30, 721 - 729." type="journal article" year="2008">Pacaud 2008</bibRefCitation>
, p. 727
</treatmentCitation>
. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFC3AF602167AF9C2" authority="de Gregorio" authorityName="de Gregorio" box="[947,1364,1592,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="propedistortus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFC3AF60217FEF9C2" box="[947,1232,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Paraseraphs propedistortus</emphasis>
de Gregorio
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848747FFEDFAE4F6021215F9FC" author="Jung, P." page="38" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFAE4F60213D2F9FC" author="Jung, P." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 38
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, figs. 717, tf. 28.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEDFF1EF6A7100DF8B1" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF1EF6A7114EF96C" blockId="29.[151,1436,1692,2043]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF1EF6A71268F924" bold="true" box="[151,326,1692,1719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548988378747FFEDFEC4F6A61293F924" box="[333,445,1692,1718]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFE53F6A6118DF925" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[474,675,1692,1719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" refId="ref34236" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1880) Fauna di S. Giovanni Ilarione (Parisiano). Part 1. Cefalopodi e Gasteropodi. Montaina, Palermo, 106 pp." type="book" year="1880">de Gregorio 1880</bibRefCitation>
, p. 20, pl. V, fig. 17 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFC18F6A71725F925" author="Jung, P." box="[913,1035,1693,1719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
). The type specimens are presumed destroyed during World War Two (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFDA8F6FB11B6F949" author="Jung, P." box="[545,664,1729,1755]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFD20F6FB101EF949" author="Jung, P." box="[681,816,1729,1755]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung (1974)</bibRefCitation>
provides dimensions of
<quantity id="4CCA9B708747FFEDFBC1F6FB17B6F949" box="[1096,1176,1729,1755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="4CCA9B708747FFEDFAB4F6FB1651F949" box="[1341,1407,1729,1755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
in width for material from the type locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF4EF733100DF8B1" blockId="29.[151,1436,1692,2043]" box="[199,803,1800,1827]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CC88747FFEDFF4EF733100EF8B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320081310" box="[199,800,1800,1827]" country="Italy" location="San Giovanni Ilarione" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF4EF7331248F8B0" bold="true" box="[199,358,1800,1827]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<typeStatus id="548988378747FFEDFF4EF733122CF8B1" box="[199,258,1801,1827]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED604E8747FFEDFEE5F7331149F8B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87838747FFEEFF1EF58A1625FF47:8EED604E8747FFEDFEE5F7331149F8B0" box="[364,615,1800,1827]" country="Italy" name="San Giovanni Ilarione" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">San Giovanni Ilarione</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFDFBF732118BF8B0" box="[626,677,1800,1826]" name="Italy" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Italy</collectingCountry>
[Lutetian]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEDFF4EF716171EF8F9" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF4EF716171EF8F9" blockId="29.[151,1436,1692,2043]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF4EF716126CF8D4" bold="true" box="[199,322,1836,1862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The shell is slender, with a high, acute apex thinly covered by shell matrix. The labrum is not thickened. The posterior canal is mostly straight, running antispirally towards the apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEEFF4EF74E1625FF47" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF4EF74E11B6F821" blockId="29.[151,1436,1692,2043]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF4EF74E124FF81C" bold="true" box="[199,353,1908,1934]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Distribution.</emphasis>
EOCENE—
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFE78F74E110AF81C" box="[497,548,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFE78F74E110AF81C" box="[497,548,1908,1934]" name="Italy" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Italy</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Ronca (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFD08F74E1065F81D" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[641,843,1908,1935]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref34308" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1896) Description des Faunes Tertiaires de la Venetie Monographie des Fossiles Eoceniques de Ronca. Annales de Geologie et de Paleontologie, 21, 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1896">de Gregorio 1896</bibRefCitation>
). Lutetian—
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFC5EF74E1724F81C" box="[983,1034,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFC5EF74E1724F81C" box="[983,1034,1908,1934]" name="Italy" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Italy</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
San Giovanni Ilarione (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFA9CF74E13FCF821" author="de Gregorio, A." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" refId="ref34236" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1880) Fauna di S. Giovanni Ilarione (Parisiano). Part 1. Cefalopodi e Gasteropodi. Montaina, Palermo, 106 pp." type="book" year="1880">de Gregorio 1880</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFF57F7A31278F821" author="Jung, P." box="[222,342,1945,1971]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
); Ronca (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFE49F7A211A5F821" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[448,651,1944,1971]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref34308" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1896) Description des Faunes Tertiaires de la Venetie Monographie des Fossiles Eoceniques de Ronca. Annales de Geologie et de Paleontologie, 21, 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1896">de Gregorio 1896</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEEFF4EF7861625FF47" blockId="29.[151,1436,1692,2043]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
Remarks. There is some uncertainty surrounding the
<typeStatus id="548988378747FFEDFCA6F7871071F845" box="[815,863,1981,2007]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFC78F7861602F844" box="[1009,1324,1980,2006]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="propedistortus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFC78F7861602F844" box="[1009,1324,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Paraseraphs propedistortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the collection supposedly destroyed during the Second World War (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFCEBF7DA173CF869" author="Malaroda, R." box="[866,1042,2016,2043]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="3 - 107" refId="ref37967" refString="Malaroda, R. (1954) Il Luteziano di Monte Postale (Lessini medi). Memorie degli Istituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell'Universita di Padova, 19, 3 - 107." type="journal article" year="1954">Malaroda 1954</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens purported from the de Gregorio collection remain unlabelled and are in disarray (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648744FFEEFC94F0AD10EAFF23" author="Savazzi, E." box="[797,964,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" pagination="244 - 264" refId="ref41360" refString="Savazzi, E. (1988 a) Taxonomic revision of Mauryna bellardi and Chedevilla begiati (strombid gastropods) form the Middle Eocene of NE Italy. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 62, 244 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02989495" type="journal article" year="1988">Savazzi 1988a</bibRefCitation>
). However, while there appears to be some material that has survived, this does not include the
<typeStatus id="548988378744FFEEFD54F0811036FF47" box="[733,792,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168744FFEEFCB4F0811628FF47" authority="(Jung 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Jung" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[829,1286,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="propedistortus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878744FFEEFCB4F081175BFF47" box="[829,1141,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Paraseraphs propedistortus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648744FFEEFB0DF08117D0FF47" author="Jung, P." box="[1156,1278,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>