1662 lines
125 KiB
XML
1662 lines
125 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="6CC52A8158D7269134F6D668A0574ECE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum (Leptostemonum) wrightii subsp. subgenus Bitter, the Leptostemonum Clade" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654169042595" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>270</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6CC52A8158D7269134F6D668A0574ECE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6CC52A8158D7269134F6D668A0574ECE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Leptostemonum Bitter, the Leptostemonum Clade" authorityName="Bitter, the Leptostemonum Clade" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum (Leptostemonum) subsp. subgenus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" species="wrightii" subGenus="Leptostemonum" subSpecies="subgenus">Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter, the Leptostemonum Clade</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Herbs, vines, scandent or prostrate shrubs, shrubs or small trees; armed or apparently (to almost completely) unarmed; young stems stellate-pubescent, the trichomes multangulate or more often porrect-stellate with the rays all in a single place, occasionally lepidote, sometimes glabrescent; prickles absent, sparse or dense, straight or curved; bark of older stems grey or brown, sometimes glabrescent. Sympodial units plurifoliate or difoliate, the leaves geminate or not. Leaves entire to deeply pinnately lobed, usually stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, sometimes glabrescent or the trichomes very sparse; pubescence of porrect, multangulate or lepidote stellate trichomes, these sessile or variously stalked, with or without midpoints, the midpoints if present very short and bump-like to elongate. Inflorescences lateral and internodal or opposite the leaves, unbranched to many times branched, usually pedunculate, not bracteate, variously stellate-pubescent; petioles articulated near the base. Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic, bisexual (hermaphroditic) or unisexual and the plants andromonoecious; calyx 5-parted (rarely 4-parted or more than 5-parted in cultivated forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), usually stellate-pubescent, sometimes glabrescent; corolla 5-parted (rarely 4-parted or more than 5-parted in cultivated forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), rotate-stellate to deeply stellate, white, lilac or deep purple, some species polymorphic for flower colour, interpetalar tissue absent to copious; stamens 5 (rarely 4 or more than 5 in cultivated forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the filaments equal or unequal, usually glabrous; anthers equal or unequal, yellow or cream, blunt to strongly tapered, tightly connivent or spreading, dehiscing by terminal pores, the pores usually not lengthening to slits with age; ovary bicarpellate (fasciated in cultivars of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), globose to conical, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; style straight or curved, in andromonoecious species shorter than the anthers and held within the anther cone; stigma minutely to large-capitate or clavate, sometimes bilobed. Fruit a berry, usually globose or nearly globose (but variously shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mammosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. mammosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the pericarp dry, fleshy or leathery, glabrous or stellate-pubescent, the surfaces shiny or matte; fruiting calyx lobes not enlarging or often accrescent, sometimes completely enclosing the berry. Seeds flattened-reniform, the testal cells sinuate or polygonal in outline. Chromosome number: n = 12, 24, 36 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9807-9" author="Scaldaferro, M" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1833 - 1847" refId="B217" refString="Scaldaferro, M, Chiarini, F, Santinaque, FF, Bernardello, G, Moscone, EA, 2012. Geographical pattern and ploidy levels of the weed Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae) from Argentina. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59 (8): 1833 - 1847, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9807-9" title="Geographical pattern and ploidy levels of the weed Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae) from Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9807-9" volume="59" year="2012">Scaldaferro et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Leptostemonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptostemonum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade are found worldwide, in all habitats but the group is most diverse in the tropics (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whalen, MD" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B268" refString="Whalen, MD, 1984. Conspectus of species groups in Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum. Gentes Herbarum 12: 179-282." title="Conspectus of species groups in Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum. Gentes Herbarum 12: 179 - 282." year="1984">Whalen 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bohs, L" editor="Keating, RC" journalOrPublisher="D'Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 49" refId="B23" refString="Bohs, L, 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndh F sequences. In: Keating, RC, Hollowell, VC, Croat, TB, Eds., A festschrift for William G. D'Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis: 27 - 49" title="Major clades in Solanum based on ndh F sequences." volumeTitle="A festschrift for William G." year="2005">Bohs 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B82" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, L, Gouvea, Y, Bragonis, T, Stehmann, JR, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They are often weedy plants of disturbed areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Leptostemonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptostemonum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade is the largest monophyletic group in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The clade is characterised by the possession of stellate trichomes (sometimes modified), prickles (sometimes absent) and long-attenuate, tapering anthers with distally directed pores that do not elongate to laterally dehiscing slits (as do those of other groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B132" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019a. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019 a">Knapp et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here we have chosen to treat the species occurring in tropical Asia as a group to fill a significant gap in the understanding of the species level taxonomy of spiny solanums. As for other geographically based groupings in spiny solanums, Asian members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Leptostemonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptostemonum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade do not form a monophyletic assemblage (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); when the species treated have been included in phylogenetic studies, their hypothetical evolutionary relationships are provided in species discussion sections. For further discussion and previous assignments of the taxa treated here to species groups see sections on Taxonomy and Phylogeny above and Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distribution and status of the species of spiny solanums in tropical Asia. Single country endemics are in bold-face type. Species inclusion in subclades taken from Stern et al. (2011), Vorontsova et al. (2013), Aubriot et al. (2016 a) and Gagnon et al. (2022). Country-level distribution is presented in Table 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/825412341AC22BB12788D89686BCE267" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="825412341AC22BB12788D89686BCE267">1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
We have cited types but not reproduced synonymy and complete descriptions of the introduced species here; these can be found in the cited monographic works and on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Leptostemonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Source. Several of these names are lectotypified here because they were incorrectly cited as having holotypes in previous works. We have cited all synonyms based on specimens from tropical Asia. Many of these introduced taxa are expanding in range with increased disturbance and environmental damage, so the distribution given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Country distribution of spiny solanums in tropical Asia as delimited here (excluding the island of New Guinea, see Introduction). Introduced species are shown in brackets, single country endemics in bold face type." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6E2822EAB41E1F0B7F5B8E6C69435CB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="6E2822EAB41E1F0B7F5B8E6C69435CB6">2</tableCitation>
|
||
is what we know now; we expect some of these to be found elsewhere in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="artificial key to tropical asian spiny solanum species (including non-native adventive taxa)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Artificial key to tropical Asian spiny solanum species (including non-native adventive taxa)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Artificial key to all species</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table inLine="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Young stems and/or upper leaf surfaces with simple (unbranched) trichomes only</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Young stems and/or upper leaf surfaces glabrous or with stellate, multangulate or lepidote trichomes</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Trees to 10 m tall; corollas> 4 cm in diameter with copious interpetalar tissue; anthers 14-16 mm long, slightly curved; mature berries hard, green and subtended by a swollen calyx. Cultivated as street trees</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wrightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wrightii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wrightii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Shrubs or subshrubs; corollas <4 cm in diameter, without copious interpetalar tissue; anthers 5.5-12 mm long, straight; mature berries yellow or orange, the calyx not markedly swollen. Weeds of disturbed areas</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers pale to medium purple; anthers 8-12.5 mm long; berry globose or variously lobed and extended into a nipple. Introduced and weedy</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammosum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum mammosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers white or greenish white; anthers 5-7.5 mm long; berry globose</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">No stellate trichomes on any part of the plant; berry bright orange; seeds winged. Introduced and weedy</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum capsicoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capsicoides">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum capsicoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stellate trichomes present on lower leaf surfaces; berry yellow; seeds not winged</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes 5-6.5 mm long, long-acuminate; stems sparsely glandular; ovary stipitate-glandular. Introduced and weedy</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aculeatissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatissimum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum aculeatissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes 0.8-2 mm long, deltate; stems densely and evenly glandular; ovary puberulent. Introduced and weedy</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum viarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf trichomes lepidote (the ray bases fused into a shield-like structure); rhizomatous shrubs. Introduced and weedy, India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf trichomes stellate or multangulate, occasionally almost completely absent; plants without rhizomes</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Mature leaves glabrous or very sparsely pubescent above (the pubescence confined to the leaf base or along the midrib)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Mature leaves variously pubescent above, not appearing glabrous, the pubescence easily visible</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stems armed with strongly curved downwards (hooked) prickles</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stems armed with straight prickles or unarmed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Erect shrubs to trees; sympodial units plurifoliate; berries 1.8-3 cm in diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arundo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundo">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arundo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Scandent herbs to shrubs to trees; sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; berries 0.3-1.2 cm in diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves 7-11 cm long (rarely smaller); corolla 0.5-1 cm in diameter; berries 0.3-0.5 cm in diameter; seeds 6-9 per berry. Indonesia</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum graciliflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graciliflorum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum graciliflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves 2.5-6.5 cm long; corolla 2-3 cm in diameter; berries 0.7-1.2 cm in diameter; seeds 16-47 per berry. India and Indochina</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trilobatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trilobatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum trilobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves deeply lobed, densely prickly with bright yellow or straw-colored prickles; flowers fragrant. India to China</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves entire or shallowly lobed, if prickly only sparsely so, the prickles various, but not bright yellow or straw-colored</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Androecium zygomorphic, with one anther markedly longer than the rest. Southern India and Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Androecium actinomorphic, all anthers the same length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles (if present) downwardly pointing (retrorse); leaves narrowly elliptic to lanceolate. Philippines, Indonesia (?Taiwan, Lanyu Island)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles (if present) not strongly retrorse; leaves orbicular to elliptic</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Scandent to erect shrub; leaves orbicular, as long as wide. Western India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Erect herbs or shrubs; leaves ovate to elliptic, 1.5-3 times longer than wide</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence unbranched; berries usually large (usually>1 cm in diameter), often flattened and/or ridged. Cultivated plants, perhaps escaped from gardens</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Inflorescence forked to many times branched; berries <1 cm in diameter (not known in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. kachinense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kachinense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kachinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries 4-6 cm in diameter; flowers heterostylous and the plants strongly andromonoecious; corolla subrotate with abundant interpetalar tissue</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum macrocarpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter; flowers all perfect, only occasionally with a few distal staminate; corolla stellate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aethiopicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopicum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum aethiopicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pubescence of multangulate trichomes, these scurfy and deciduous; inflorescence many times branched and erect. India, Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum giganteum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pubescence of porrect-stellate trichomes, these merely sparse, not deciduous; inflorescence forked or several times branched, not markedly erect</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves drying black or dark brown; leaf base oblique and appearing more or less truncate; major veins 6-8 pairs; corolla 1.5-1.8 cm in diameter. Myanmar</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. Aubriot & S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum kachinense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kachinense">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum kachinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves drying olive green; leaf base acute to cuneate; major veins 5-6 pairs; corolla 2-2.4 cm in diameter. Taiwan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot & S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum peikuoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Trichomes of upper leaf surfaces multangulate (the rays not in a flat plane)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Trichomes of upper leaf surfaces porrect-stellate with the rays in a single flat plane</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences many times branched; trichomes scurfy and deciduous; upper leaf surfaces glabrate in older plants. India, Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum giganteum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences unbranched; trichomes not scurfy and deciduous; upper leaf surfaces densely pubescent. Indonesia (Java)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum comitis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comitis">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum comitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences forked to many times branched</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences unbranched (simple)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">50</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">22</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles absent (reproductive growth), the stems unarmed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles present (reproductive growth), the stems weakly to strongly armed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">23</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences stellate-pubescent and densely glandular pubescent, the glandular hairs unbranched; rest of plant eglandular. Introduced and naturalised, widespread</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torvum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum torvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences variously stellate-pubescent, not glandular (unless rest of plant densely glandular pubescent)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">24</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves shiny above; berries 1-1.3 cm in diameter. Taiwan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot & S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum peikuoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves not markedly shiny above; berries less than 1 cm in diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Androecium zygomorphic, with one anther markedly longer than the rest; corolla 2-3 cm in diameter; berries 0.8-1 cm in diameter. Southern India and Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Androecium actinomorphic, all anthers the same length; corolla 1-1.4 cm in diameter; berries 0.6-0.8 cm in diameter. Philippines, Indonesia (?Taiwan, Lanyu Island)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">26</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles strongly curved downwards (hooked)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles straight</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves 1-2 times as long as wide (ovate to elliptic ovate)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves more than 2 times as long as wide (elliptic to narrowly elliptic)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries> 2 cm in diameter; prickles of leaves straight, usually>10 mm long. Kathiawar peninsula, Gujarat, India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arundo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundo">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arundo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries <2 cm in diameter; prickles of leaves various, never 10 mm long and straight</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">29</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Erect shrubs; berries orange when mature; fruiting pedicels strongly spreading. Widespread in the region</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Scandent shrubs; berries red or red-orange when mature; pedicels erect or pendant, not strongly spreading</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 2-3 cm in diameter; anthers 7-9 mm long; plants of forests and forest edges. India and Indochina to Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trilobatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trilobatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum trilobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 0.9-2.4 cm in diameter; anthers 3-7 mm long; plants of dry, desert habitats. Western India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem pubescence of multangulate trichomes; petioles winged from decurrent leaf bases</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem pubescence of porrect-stellate trichomes; petioles not winged</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">32</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf margins entire, the leaves not lobed; berries 3-5 cm long, ovoid. Indonesia and Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf margins variously lobed; berries not as above</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 0.5-1 cm in diameter; anthers unequal in size. Indonesia</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum graciliflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graciliflorum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum graciliflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla> 1 cm in diameter; anthers all equal in size</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">34</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence stellate-pubescent and densely and uniformly glandular with small, unbranched glandular trichomes; rest of plant eglandular. Widespread and naturalised</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torvum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum torvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence variously pubescent, never with glandular trichomes, unless rest of plant glandular</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence several times branched; calyx lobes long-acuminate with a distinct acumen; fruiting pedicels erect to slightly spreading; seeds> 20 per berry. Southern China and Indochina to Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence forked (once branched); calyx lobes deltate, apically acute; fruiting pedicels strongly spreading; seeds <20 per berry. Widespread in the region</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">36</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem and leaf trichomes multangulate, often deciduous through rubbing off. India, Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum giganteum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem and leaf trichomes porrect-stellate (all rays in a single plane), not deciduous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">37</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles strongly retrorse and downward pointing. Philippines, Indonesia (?Taiwan, Lanyu Island)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles not strongly retrorse</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">38</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pubescence of upper leaf surfaces sparse, scattered and mostly along veins, if present on lamina very sparse</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">39</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pubescence of upper leaf surfaces moderate to dense, easily visible to the naked eye</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">40</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">39</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves deeply lobed, the blades 3-11 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, densely prickly; corolla 2.5-3 cm in diameter; prostrate shrubs. India to China</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves shallowly lobed, the blades 11-22 cm long, 5.2-11.5 cm wide, sparsely prickly; corolla 1.5-1.8 m in diameter; erect shrubs. Myanmar</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. Aubriot & S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum kachinense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kachinense">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum kachinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves 1-2 times longer than wide (ovate to broadly elliptic)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves> 2 times longer than wide (elliptic to narrowly elliptic)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">41</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences many times branched; sympodial units plurifoliate. Vietnam</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harmandii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum harmandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences forked (once branched); sympodial units difoliate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Scandent shrubs of deserts; leaf bases cordate to rounded; corolla 1.3-2.4 cm in diameter, divided nearly to the base; seeds dark brown, almost black. Western India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Erect shrubs of many habitats; leaf bases truncate, often oblique; corolla 1.3-3 cm in diameter, divided half to two-thirds of the way to the base; seeds yellow to orange-brown. Widespread in the region</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">43</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves entire, the margins not lobed. Indonesia (Sulawesi)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum dunalianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves lobed, the margins shallowly to deeply dissected</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">44</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Fruiting pedicels curved and strongly deflexed. Western Ghats, India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Fruiting pedicels erect or spreading, not curved or deflexed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves ovate; fruiting pedicels strongly spreading. Widespread in the region</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic; fruiting pedicels erect or spreading from weight of fruit</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">46</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence densely and minutely glandular-pubescent, the glandular trichomes simple. Naturalised, widespread throughout, except western India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torvum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum torvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence variously pubescent, no inflorescence trichomes glandular</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">47</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 2-5 cm in diameter; leaf pubescence golden or reddish gold</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 1-2 cm in diameter; leaf pubescence not markedly rusty-golden, usually tan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">49</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">48</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 2-2.6 cm in diameter; style 6-9 mm long, mature berries yellow to orange yellow; leaf pubescence rusty-golden colour. Indonesia, Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum torvoideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torvoideum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum torvoideum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla to 5 cm in diameter; style 10-13.5 mm long; mature berries greenish yellow; leaf pubescence reddish brown. Introduced, China, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum chrysotrichum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysotrichum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum chrysotrichum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">49</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes strongly keeled; corolla white; berries 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter. Indonesia (except Borneo)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes not keeled; corolla purple; berries 0.7-1 cm in diameter. China and Indochina, to Philippines and Taiwan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">50</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves entire (occasionally the margins somewhat sinuate, but never distinctly lobed)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves variously lobed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">60</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">51</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles strongly curved</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">52</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles straight or absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">52</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 2-3 cm in diameter; berries to 5 cm long, ovoid; climbing vines of rainforests. Indonesia, Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 0.9-1.6 cm in diameter; berries to 0.8 cm long, globose; scandent shrubs of dry habitats. Western India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">53</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers strongly zygomorphic, with one or two anthers much longer than the rest and strongly curved</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers actinomorphic or only weakly zygomorphic, all anthers of equal length or only slightly differing in size, never in shape</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">56</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">54</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 3.5-5 cm in diameter; long anthers 2, 12-15 mm long; fruiting pedicels strongly deflexed; berries dry and held inside the accrescent calyx. Western Ghats, India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla <3 cm in diameter; long anther 1, <10 mm long; fruiting pedicels not deflexed; berries soft and fleshy, the fruiting calyx not accrescent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">55</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">55</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers white; leaves lanceolate to elliptic, strongly discolorous, eglandular. Southern India and Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers purple; leaves ovate to broadly triangular, concolorous, densely glandular, sticky to the touch. Eastern India, Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">56</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Trichomes of upper leaf surfaces multangulate, all rays pointing upwards; sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; anthers all of equal size. Indonesia (Java)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum comitis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comitis">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum comitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Trichomes of upper leaf surfaces porrect-stellate, the rays in a single plane; sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate; anthers often slightly unequal</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">57</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">57</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Scandent shrubs; flowers often 4-merous. China, Indochina, Indonesia</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Erect spindly shrubs; flowers 5-merous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">58</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">58</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf bases attenuate; corolla deeply stellate, divided nearly to the base. Hainan Island, China, southern Vietnam</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nienkui" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nienkui">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nienkui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf bases cuneate; corolla stellate, divided ca. halfway to the base</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">59</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">59</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves strongly discolorous, 2-3 times longer than wide; trichomes of stems and leaves with bulbous midpoints. Vietnam</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum robinsonii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum robinsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves only slightly discolorous, less than 2 times longer than wide; trichomes of stems and leaves without bulbous midpoints. Thailand</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum putii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="putii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum putii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">60</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles absent or extremely sparse (ca. 1-2 per 10 cm or more of stem)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">61</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles always present, occasionally very dense</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">64</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">61</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries smaller than 1 cm in diameter, several per inflorescence</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries larger than 1 cm in diameter, usually only one or two per inflorescence</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">63</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">62</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves ovate to suborbicular; corolla 0.8-1 cm in diameter; plants of seashore dunes. Vietnam</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum camranhense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camranhense">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum camranhense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic; corolla 1-1.4 cm in diameter; plants of forests. Philippines, Indonesia (?Taiwan, Lanyu Island)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">63</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 0.8-1 cm in diameter, white; berries bright red, often somewhat flattened or ribbed. Cultivated (scarlet eggplant)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aethiopicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopicum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum aethiopicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 2.5-5 cm in diameter, purple or occasionally white; berries white, yellow or purple, variously shaped. Cultivated (brinjal eggplant)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">64</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles strongly curved (hooked)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">65</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem prickles straight</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">77</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">65</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves decurrent onto the stem, rhombic or broadly ellipsoid</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">66</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves distinctly petiolate, variously shaped</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">67</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">66</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Mature berries densely pubescent; stems strongly winged from decurrent leaf bases; flowers greenish white. Introduced, India,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réunion">Reunion</normalizedToken>
|
||
(France)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum robustum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Mature berries glabrous and shiny; stems not winged from the leaf bases; flowers white. Introduced, widespread in the region but scattered</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum jamaicense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamaicense">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum jamaicense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">67</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Erect shrubs</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">68</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Prostrate or scrambling shrubs (can be as tall as 2 m)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">70</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">68</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence densely glandular-pubescent (in addition to stellate-pubescent), the glandular trichomes simple and minute; rest of plant eglandular. Naturalised throughout the region</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torvum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum torvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence stellate-pubescent, not glandular-pubescent, unless rest of plant with glandular trichomes</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">69</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">69</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter, densely pubescent at maturity, the trichomes with elongate midpoints; leaves repand; fruiting pedicels bending from weight of fruit, not markedly deflexed. Cultivated throughout the region</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lasiocarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum lasiocarpum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries 1-1.2 cm in diameter, glabrous; leaves not repand; fruiting pedicels strongly deflexed. Yunnan, China (Myanmar?)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum deflexicarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexicarpum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum deflexicarpum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">70</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">71</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves ovate to broadly ovate or suborbicular</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">73</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">71</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx accrescent in fruit, covering half or more of the berry, densely prickly; anthers of equal size. Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cyanocarphium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyanocarphium">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cyanocarphium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx not accrescent in fruit, if enlarged not covering half or more of the berry, not markedly prickly; anthers of slightly different sizes</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">72</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves 7-11 cm long (rarely smaller); corolla 0.5-1 cm in diameter; berries 0.3-0.5 cm in diameter; seeds 6-9 per berry. Indonesia</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum graciliflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graciliflorum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum graciliflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves 2-6.5 cm long; corolla 1-1.5 cm in diameter; berries 0.6-1 cm in diameter; seeds to 25 per berry. China, Indochina, Indonesia, Timor Leste</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">73</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers zygomorphic, with two anthers longer than the rest; berries dry, held inside an accrescent calyx on straight, strongly deflexed pedicels. India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers actinomorphic; berries fleshy, the fruiting calyx not accrescent; fruiting pedicels not as above</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">74</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">74</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Peduncle absent to 0.15 mm long, the flowers borne at the very base of the inflorescence; fruiting pedicels strongly recurved, woody; ripe berries orange. Ryuku Islands (Japan) to Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum miyakojimense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miyakojimense">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum miyakojimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Peduncle to 2 cm long, always present; fruiting pedicels erect or pendant; mature berries red</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">75</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">75</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla 0.8-1 cm in diameter; plants of dunes along seashore. Vietnam</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum camranhense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camranhense">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum camranhense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Corolla> 1 cm in diameter; habitat not as above</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">76</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">76</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">New growth densely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes with 6-10 rays; sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Western India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">New growth sparsely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes with 2-5 rays; sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate. Widespread, India to Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trilobatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trilobatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum trilobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">77</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Mature berries densely pubescent, the trichomes with long midpoints; leaves usually large and somewhat repand</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">78</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Mature berries glabrous or with only a few stellate trichomes at the apex; leaves various, not repand</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">78</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf bases attenuate; leaves widest near the middle; upper leaf surface glabrate and densely prickly. Indonesia (Sulawesi)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. Aubriot & S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sulawesi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulawesi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sulawesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf bases truncate; leaves widest in the lower third; upper leaf surfaces pubescent, prickly or not</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">79</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">79</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries completely enclosed in an accrescent, prickly calyx; corolla 1-1.2 cm in diameter; anthers 5-6 mm long. Indochina, Malay Archipelago, Christmas Island</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum involucratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="involucratum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum involucratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Berries not enclosed in an accrescent calyx; corolla 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter; anthers 6-8.5 mm long. Cultivated throughout the region</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lasiocarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum lasiocarpum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">80</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences with distal staminate flowers and a single to a few basal hermaphroditic flowers, the plants strongly andromonoecious; berries usually> 2 cm in diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">81</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences with all flowers hermaphroditic (perfect), if staminate flowers occur these are few and at the very tip of the inflorescence of otherwise hermaphroditic flowers; berries usually <1 cm in diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">83</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">81</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Prostrate shrubs with densely prickly stems and leaves; leaves glabrescent; flowers fragrant. India to Malay Archipelago</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Herbs or shrubs, moderately to sparsely prickly; leaves not glabrescent; flowers not fragrant</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">82</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">82</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Inflorescences usually with only a single hermaphroditic flower at the base; staminate flowers 1-2; berries usually large, variously shaped. Cultivated (see description, can be very difficult to distinguish from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. insanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescences with more than one hermaphroditic flower at the base; staminate flowers> 2; berries 1.5-3 cm in diameter, globose. Weedy throughout</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum insanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">83</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx accrescent in fruit, covering more than half of the berry, densely prickly</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx not accrescent in fruit, if enlarged not covering more than half of the berry, moderately to sparsely prickly</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">87</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">84</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves deeply divided to pinnatifid; corollas 2-3 cm in diameter; accrescent calyx peeling back at fruit maturity to reveal the red berry. Introduced and adventive, China and India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sisymbriifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sisymbriifolium">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sisymbriifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaves shallowly lobed or entire, not pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; corollas usually less than 2 cm in diameter; accrescent calyx remaining around the berry at maturity. Native plants</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">85</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">85</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Scrambling vine or shrub; leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic; leaf bases attenuate; berries red when mature. Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cyanocarphium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyanocarphium">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cyanocarphium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Erect shrubs; leaves broadly elliptic to ovate; leaf bases truncate; berries whitish green when mature</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">86</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">86</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Young growth densely prickly and bristly, the bristles long-stalked and some topped with stellate rays; inflorescences 3-10 cm long; corolla 1.8-2.2 cm in diameter. Indonesia, China to Indochina</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 51" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum barbisetum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbisetum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum barbisetum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Young growth sparsely prickly, not bristly; inflorescences 1.5-3 cm long; corolla 0.7-1.5 cm in diameter. India to China and Indochina</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum praetermissum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">87</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers with the anthers slightly unequal, often 4-merous; sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. China, Indochina, Indonesia, Timor Leste</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flowers with anthers of equal size, 5-merous; sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate or not</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">88</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">88</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Fruiting pedicels strongly reflexed; trichomes of stems and leaves with elongate midpoints to 2 mm long. Western Ghats, southern India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Fruiting pedicels erect or spreading; trichomes of stems and leaves with midpoints not markedly longer than the rays</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">89</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">89</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes long-acuminate, strongly keeled; seeds> 100 per berry. Indonesia (except Borneo)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes deltate, not strongly keeled; seeds 10-20 per berry</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">90</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf bases cuneate to attenuate; upper leaf surfaces moderately to sparsely stellate-pubescent; fruiting pedicels strongly deflexed. Western Ghats, southern India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hovei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hovei">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum hovei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf bases acute or truncate; upper leaf surfaces densely stellate-pubescent; fruiting pedicels spreading. Widespread throughout</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="synoptic character list for tropical asian spiny solanums">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Synoptic character list for tropical Asian spiny solanums</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This synoptical character list can be used as a multi-entry key for identification. We have only listed diagnostic characters here, for example, entire and pinnatifid leaves are listed but not lobed leaves in general. For distributional information please see Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Country distribution of spiny solanums in tropical Asia as delimited here (excluding the island of New Guinea, see Introduction). Introduced species are shown in brackets, single country endemics in bold face type." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6E2822EAB41E1F0B7F5B8E6C69435CB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="6E2822EAB41E1F0B7F5B8E6C69435CB6">2</tableCitation>
|
||
. The list is intended to be used as a tool via a process of elimination; any character can be selected and in combination with other characters, a smaller selection of species can be obtained, for which the descriptions will be useful for coming to a final identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plants found in cultivation (agricultural settings or home gardens): aethiopicum, macrocarpon, mammosum, melongena</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scrambling or prostrate plants: cordatum, cyanocarphium, forskalii, miyakojimense, procumbens, schefferi, trilobatum, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plants unarmed (no obvious prickles anywhere on plant): aethiopicum, camranhense, comitis, cordatum, deflexicarpum, dunalianum, giganteum, lasiocarpum, macrocarpon, melongena, miyakojimense, nienkui, peikuoense, pubescens, putii, retrorsum, robinsonii, torvoideum, torvum, vagum, violaceum, wrightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plants drying black on herbarium specimens: giganteum, kachinense, poka, pseudosaponaceum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plants andromonoecious (with basal hermaphroditic and distal staminate flowers): arundo, barbisetum, insanum, lasiocarpum, macrocarpon, melongena, schefferi, virginianum, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Small trees, taller than 3 m: arundo, chrysotrichum, (comitis?), dunalianum, giganteum, peikuoense, pseudosaponaceum, torvoideum, wrightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Simple trichomes (never stellate) on stems: aculeatissimum, capsicoides, mammosum, viarum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stems white from dense pubescence of multangulate stellate trichomes: arundo, forskalii, giganteum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stems with strongly hooked prickles: cordatum, cyanocarphium, graciliflorum, jamaicense, procumbens, schefferi, trilobatum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stem prickles straight and strongly retrorse: retrorsum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rays of stellate trichomes fused at the base (lepidote or almost lepidote): elaeagnifolium, robinsonii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trichomes and/or prickles purple or purplish black in live plants (sometimes also visible on herbarium specimens): barbisetum, cyanocarphium, hovei, involucratum, lasiocarpum, praetermissum (insanum and melongena prickles purple only)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves on reproductive branches <1.5 times longer than wide: camranhense, cordatum, forskalii, involucratum, lasiocarpum, miyakojimense, praetermissum, pubescens, sulawesi, trilobatum, virginianum, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves on reproductive branches entire (without lobes): camranhense, comitis, cordatum, dunalianum, elaeagnifolium, forskalii, giganteum, miyakojimense, nienkui, poka, praetermissum, procumbens, pseudosaponaceum, pubescens, putii, retrorsum, robinsonii, schefferi, torvum, vagum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves on reproductive branches with secondary lobing (some lobing to pinnatisect): arundo, multiflorum, sisymbriifolium, violaceum, virginianum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves glabrous or glabrescent adaxially: aethiopicum, arundo, cordatum, giganteum, graciliflorum, kachinense, macrocarpon, melongena (rarely), peikuoense, retrorsum, trilobatum, vagum, virginianum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves with bright yellow, straight prickles> 1 cm long: aculeatissimum, arundo, capsicoides, sulawesi, virginianum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves with only simple trichomes adaxially: aculeatissimum, capsicoides, mammosum, viarum, wrightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pubescence of adaxial leaf surfaces of multangulate trichomes with all rays pointing upwards: comitis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pubescence of white mealy multangulate trichomes that are easily rubbed off: giganteum, vagum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf bases decurrent onto the stem: macrocarpon, robustum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf bases cordate/truncate: camranhense, cordatum, forskalii, melongena, pubescens, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence many times branched: dunalianum, giganteum, graciliflorum, harmandii, kachinense, multiflorum, peikuoense, pseudosaponaceum, schefferi, torvoideum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence glandular pubescent: aculeatissimum, pubescens, torvum, viarum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peduncles absent or very short (<5 mm): cordatum, miyakojimense, sulawesi, torvoideum, violaceum, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Calyx lobes foliaceous: macrocarpon, melongena, robustum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Calyx lobes with a distinct acumen: camranhense, peikuoense, poka, robinsonii, torvoideum, vagum, virginianum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corolla stellate-rotate or pentagonal (with abundant interpetalar tissue): comitis, insanum, macrocarpon, melongena, virginianum, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corolla deeply stellate (lobed nearly to the base): barbisetum, graciliflorum, kachinense, retrorsum, schefferi, vagum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anthers unequal (even slightly so): nienkui, procumbens, pubescens, putii, robinsonii, vagum, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anthers with several markedly different in size and shape, strongly curved: pubescens, vagum, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Calyx strongly accrescent in fruit, more than half covering the berry: barbisetum, cyanocarphium, involucratum, macrocarpon, praetermissum, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immature berries marbled green and white: aculeatissimum, arundo, insanum, jamaicense, miyakojimense, viarum, virginianum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berry> 3 cm in diameter: aethiopicum, arundo, lasiocarpum, macrocarpon, mammosum, melongena, schefferi, wrightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berries not strictly globose: hovei, macrocarpon, mammosum, melongena, miyakojimense, schefferi</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berries red or orange, thin-skinned and fleshy (usually juicy): camranhense, cordatum, deflexicarpum, dunalianum, forskalii, giganteum, hovei, involucratum, jamaicense, lasiocarpum, miyakojimense, multiflorum, nienkui, peikuoense, procumbens, pseudosaponaceum, pubescens, retrorsum, robinsonii, sisymbriifolium, trilobatum, vagum, violaceum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berries bright yellow when ripe: aculeatissimum, arundo, insanum, violaceum, virginianum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berries greenish yellow or yellowish green when ripe: chrysotrichum, insanum, melongena, poka, torvoideum, torvum, torvoideum, wightii (just before dehiscence)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berries white or greenish white when ripe: barbisetum, praetermissum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berries black or purple when ripe: melongena, peikuoense, torvoideum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berries leathery: aculeatissimum, arundo, capsicoides, chrysotrichum, elaeagnifolium, insanum, macrocarpon, mammosum, melongena, viarum, virginianum, wrightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berry dry, pseudo-capsular or the pericarp shattering: elaeagnifolium, wightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mature berries densely and uniformly pubescent: involucratum, lasiocarpum, robustum, sulawesi</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inner flesh of berry spongy and not at all juicy: capsicoides, mammosum, melongena</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds> 100 per berry: cyanocarphium, insanum, involucratum, lasiocarpum, poka, pseudosaponaceum, schefferi, sulawesi, torvoideum, virginianum, wrightii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds 10 or fewer per berry: camranhense, cordatum, forskalii, graciliflorum, hovei, multiflorum, nienkui, procumbens, retrorsum, robinsonii, vagum, violaceum</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds dark brown or blackish brown: cordatum, forskalii</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds with a distinct wing: capsicoides</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species descriptions">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species descriptions</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |