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<document id="178114A93B6A6E21593033878531E02E" ID-CLB-Dataset="176492" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7260277" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1666942366511" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda &amp; Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi" docDate="2022" docId="039887C6900D047EFF44F9E82CC783B7" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.570.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 570 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Croton celtidifolius Baillon 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="FFA1FFBE900A0477FFCCFF8A2D61824B" masterDocTitle="Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="231" pageNumber="238" updateTime="1699408588408" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C680367E5C35DA5FDCA23A5D6B4C338E">Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0CD48E6D848A83A4804F11D6824EAC11" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4498A86ABD992CD0EAC9A658EC9CACB5">Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E1379625D74FEB72A19BB2CB30F85FA" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4874-129X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2F1AE3C4087ECCF40B8363F442D99681">Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. &amp; amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="97E9DCB88727F3BE9C1B7D83981D8CE4" type="email">amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CDCDDE28D01C3505D36E1DDBCD5CE3DE">Riina, Ricarda</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="12E5CED522C2F8171B0956072D02D2CD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7423-899X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4B62CD91DE0BEB62B0C42FA6F03B8F7D">Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. &amp; rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="70DBDC5646048BB4F36E3464708A80AF" type="email">rriina@rjb.csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="D3B654D7A09C06CBE4B696473264235B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="63044248AB53B469E15BAC25BED37585">
<mods:roleTerm id="0932633DE818A91DC10703270964418D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BAD2145759E975A3EB920F6274164C96">Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFBFB6B82FB8B95CD7B27F3A254FCD01" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8393-214X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="385C723DA6074B5A0DBDE081E8683924">Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. &amp; mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1802E6EB30097F13FA80ABA33319D802" type="email">mbrcaruzo@unifesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="35F19D02A6B8540A095223020DCCCDD1">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7B53081A58A0DD2C47E731978ADB6E30">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="92832C4FC9808B045877708DA3B0997D">2022-10-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039887C6900D047EFF44F9E82CC783B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260305" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203712532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7260305" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887C6900D047EFF44F9E82CC783B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887C6900D047EFF44F9E82CC783B7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
<subSubSection id="C32B655B900D0470FF44F9E82F0E8437" box="[136,623,1634,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D0900D0470FF44F9E82F0E8437" blockId="7.[136,1452,1634,1841]" box="[136,623,1634,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FF44F9E82DFC8437" bold="true" box="[136,157,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FF68F9E82F0A8437" ID-CoL="ZPS4" authority="Baillon (1864: 331)" authorityName="Baillon" authorityPageNumber="331" authorityYear="1864" box="[164,619,1634,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FF68F9E82CE28436" bold="true" box="[164,387,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Croton celtidifolius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B21900D0470FE47F9E82F0A8437" author="Baillon, H. E." box="[395,619,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" pagination="257 - 377" refId="ref23697" refString="Baillon, H. E. (1864) Species Euphorbiacearum. Euphorbiacees Americaines. Premiere partie: Amerique austro-orientale. Adansonia 4: 257 - 377." type="journal article" year="1864">Baillon (1864: 331)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B900D0470FDBAF9E92F0A857B" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D0900D0470FDBAF9E92F0A857B" blockId="7.[136,1452,1634,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D900D0470FDBAF9E9294084EB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786305" collectionCode="P" collectorName="A. Saint-Hilaire" country="Brazil" location="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="548A8872900D0470FDBAF9E92F878436" box="[630,742,1635,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B21900D0470FC54F9E829078437" author="Santos, R. F. &amp; Riina, R. &amp; Caruzo, M. B. R." box="[920,1126,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" pagination="1467 - 1497" refId="ref26087" refString="Santos, R. F., Riina, R. &amp; Caruzo, M. B. R. (2017) Diversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1467 - 1497. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00606 - 017 - 1441 - 8" type="journal article" year="2017">
Santos
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FC26F9E929438437" box="[1002,1058,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
):
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FBBEF9E829EF8437" bold="true" box="[1138,1166,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3267640900D0470FB42F9E829968437" box="[1166,1271,1634,1660]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F5F832900D0470FACEF9E828C98437" box="[1282,1448,1634,1660]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
: s.d.,
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FF73F90D2CC384EB" box="[191,418,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
<collectorName id="26C45306900D0470FF73F90D2C1284EB" box="[191,371,1670,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">A. Saint-Hilaire</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15900D0470FE7FF90C2CA284EB" box="[435,451,1670,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">P</collectionCode>
00623096!, isolectotypes
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15900D0470FD3CF90D2F9E84EA" box="[752,767,1671,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">P</collectionCode>
00623095!, SP 417993!)
</materialsCitation>
. Remainimg
<typeStatus id="548A8872900D0470FB75F90D287E84EA" box="[1209,1311,1671,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FAEFF90C285E84EB" bold="true" box="[1315,1343,1670,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3267640900D0470FAF3F90C28C984EB" box="[1343,1448,1670,1696]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F5F832900D0470FF44F9202C4E848F" box="[136,303,1706,1732]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
:
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FEF6F9212F41848F" box="[314,544,1706,1733]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">P.C.D. Claussen s.n.</emphasis>
(P n.v., W n.v.); Serra dos Órgãos, 1833,
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FC3BF92129FE848F" box="[1015,1183,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">M. Vauthier 93</emphasis>
(G-DC 00311468!, GH 00257899!, MPU 014851!, P 00493362!, P 00493363!, SP 000651!, W 0051195!); Serra dos Órgãos, 1838,
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FAE7F9452DD38547" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">G. Gardner 618</emphasis>
(P 00493364!, P 00493365!, P 00493366!, NY 00246524!, NY 00246523!, K 000186059!,
<collectingCountry id="F3267640900D0470FB16F978299F8547" box="[1242,1278,1778,1804]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">US</collectingCountry>
00109521!, W 0051196!, W 1889-013284!) (
<figureCitation id="130A2A55900D0470FE14F89C2F7A857B" box="[472,539,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[171,1426,322,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[156,1431,317,1914]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Croton ceanothifolius. A. Habit. B. Staminate flowers. C. Pistillate flower with bifid styles. D. Leaf with impressed primary and secondary veins. E. Nearly mature capsules. C. celtidifolius. F. Habit (plant in the center with some orange leaves). G.Amber-colored latex. H. Stipules. I. Detail of acropetiolar stipitate nectary glands. J. Inflorescence with lower bisexual cymules. K. Pistillate flower with tetrafid styles. Photos: A.P.N. Pereira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7260285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, F–K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B900D047FFF44F8D52F00836F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D0900D047FFF44F8D52F00836F" blockId="7.[136,1452,1886,2093]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1451,158,293]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FF44F8D52C008533" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[136,353,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FF44F8D52C008533" box="[136,353,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Croton celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small to medium sized tree. It has a pair of stipitate acropetiolar nectary glands, the staminate flowers are long pedicellate with ca. 60 stamens, and the styles are tetrafid. This species is very similarly to
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FA5EF8092C68858B" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulnerarius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FA5EF8092C68858B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. vulnerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however these species can be differentiated by stamen numbers (ca.
<quantity id="4CC99B35900D0470FBEDF82C293A858B" box="[1057,1115,1958,1984]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" unit="in" value="60.0">60 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FBAFF82D2868858B" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1123,1289,1958,1985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FBAFF82D2868858B" box="[1123,1289,1958,1985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs.
<quantity id="4CC99B35900D0470FAF5F82C28CD858B" box="[1337,1452,1958,1984]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="3.3019999999999996" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" unit="in" value="105.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="80.0">80–130 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FF44F8412C4885AF" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[136,297,1994,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulnerarius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FF44F8412C4885AF" box="[136,297,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. vulnerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), pistillate flower aestivation and pedicel length (valvate and pedicellate in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FBBDF841287485AF" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1137,1301,1994,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FBBDF841287485AF" box="[1137,1301,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. imbricate and subsessile in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FE9FF8652C998A43" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[339,504,2030,2057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulnerarius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FE9FF8652C998A43" box="[339,504,2030,2057]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. vulnerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), styles (free in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FD75F8652E008A43" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[697,865,2030,2057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FD75F8652E008A43" box="[697,865,2030,2057]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. basally connate in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FBA2F86528738A43" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1134,1298,2030,2057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulnerarius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FBA2F86528738A43" box="[1134,1298,2030,2057]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. vulnerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and capsule ornamentation (slightly verrucose in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FDE9F7992FAB8A67" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[549,714,2066,2093]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FDE9F7992FAB8A67" box="[549,714,2066,2093]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. smooth in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FCA2F79929718A67" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[878,1040,2066,2093]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulnerarius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FCA2F79929718A67" box="[878,1040,2066,2093]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">C. vulnerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53900D0470FBEBF79928618A67" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1063,1280,2066,2093]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2900D0470FBEBF79928618A67" box="[1063,1280,2066,2093]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Croton celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFF44FF152C3482F3" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[136,341,159,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urucurana">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFF44FF152C3482F3" box="[136,341,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Croton urucurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it can be differentiated by its nectary glands (stipitate acropetiolar in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFAC9FF1528CA82F3" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1285,1451,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFAC9FF1528CA82F3" box="[1285,1451,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. sessile basilaminar in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFE60FF492F248297" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[428,581,195,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urucurana">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFE60FF492F248297" box="[428,581,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. urucurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), stamens number (ca.
<quantity id="4CC99B359002047FFC9DFF482EED8297" box="[849,908,194,220]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" unit="in" value="60.0">60 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFC58FF49295A8297" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[916,1083,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFC58FF49295A8297" box="[916,1083,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. ca.
<quantity id="4CC99B359002047FFB59FF4829B18297" box="[1173,1232,194,220]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFB14FF4928108297" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1240,1393,195,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urucurana">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFB14FF4928108297" box="[1240,1393,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. urucurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and style division (tetrafid in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFE6BFF6D2F2D834B" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[423,588,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFE6BFF6D2F2D834B" box="[423,588,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. bifid in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFD1AFF6D2E0F834B" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[726,878,231,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urucurana">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFD1AFF6D2E0F834B" box="[726,878,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. urucurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The species belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFB43FF6D2C17836F" authority="Grisebach (1859: 42)" authorityName="Grisebach" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1859" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Cyclostigma">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFB43FF6D29BC834A" box="[1167,1245,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Croton</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFAD3FF6C28CA834B" box="[1311,1451,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Cyclostigma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B219002047FFF44FE802C17836F" author="Grisebach, A. H. R." box="[136,374,266,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref24899" refString="Grisebach, A. H. R. (1859) Flora of the British West Indian Islands 1. Reeve &amp; Co., London, pp. 1 - 96." type="book chapter" year="1859">Grisebach (1859: 42)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B219002047FFE49FE802F34836F" author="van Ee, B. W. &amp; Riina, R. &amp; Berry, P. E." box="[389,597,266,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" pagination="791 - 823" refId="ref27137" refString="van Ee, B. W., Riina, R. &amp; Berry, P. E. (2011) A revised infrageneric classification and molecular phylogeny of New World Croton (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 60: 791 - 823. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 41.41102" type="journal article" year="2011">
van Ee
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFE16FE812F72836F" box="[474,531,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4E66589002047FFF44F8192C928A5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7260285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7260285/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" startId="8.[136,229,1939,1961]" targetBox="[171,1426,322,1906]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D09002047FFF44F8192C928A5E" blockId="8.[136,1452,1939,2069]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFF44F8192D9F85E3" bold="true" box="[136,254,1939,1961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFEC8F8192CB485E3" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[260,469,1939,1960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceanothifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFEC8F8192CB485E3" box="[260,469,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Croton ceanothifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Habit. B. Staminate flowers. C. Pistillate flower with bifid styles. D. Leaf with impressed primary and secondary veins. E. Nearly mature capsules.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539002047FFD90F83D2F898587" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[604,744,1975,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29002047FFD90F83D2F898587" box="[604,744,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. F. Habit (plant in the center with some orange leaves). G. Amber-colored latex. H. Stipules. I. Detail of acropetiolar stipitate nectary glands. J. Inflorescence with lower bisexual cymules. K. Pistillate flower with tetrafid styles. Photos: A.P.N. Pereira.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B9003047EFF71FF142F02834B" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D09003047EFF71FF142F02834B" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFF71FF142F6282F3" bold="true" box="[189,515,158,184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
It occurs in southern (
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8329003047EFD3FFF142E7882F3" box="[755,793,158,184]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">PR</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8329003047EFCEFFF142E2982F3" box="[803,840,158,184]" country="Brazil" name="RS" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">RS</collectingRegion>
, SC) and southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F32676409003047EFB88FF1429E982F3" box="[1092,1160,158,184]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8329003047EFB5AFF1429DB82F3" box="[1174,1210,158,184]" name="ES" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">ES</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8329003047EFB09FF14299482F3" box="[1221,1269,158,184]" name="MG" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">MG</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8329003047EFB33FF15287E82F2" box="[1279,1311,159,185]" name="RJ" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">RJ</collectingRegion>
, SP) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B219003047EFA93FF142C678297" author="Santos, R. F. &amp; Riina, R. &amp; Caruzo, M. B. R." pageId="9" pageNumber="240" pagination="1467 - 1497" refId="ref26087" refString="Santos, R. F., Riina, R. &amp; Caruzo, M. B. R. (2017) Diversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1467 - 1497. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00606 - 017 - 1441 - 8" type="journal article" year="2017">
Santos
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFF44FF492DA38297" box="[136,194,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B219003047EFEDEFF482C8D8297" author="Caruzo, M. B. R. &amp; Secco, R. S. &amp; Medeiros, D. &amp; Riina, R. &amp; Torres, D. S. C. &amp; Santos, R. F. &amp; Pereira, A. P. N. &amp; Rossine, Y. &amp; Lima, L. R. &amp; Muniz-Filho, E. &amp; Valduga, E." box="[274,492,194,220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" pagination="2020" refId="ref24467" refString="Caruzo, M. B. R., Secco, R. S., Medeiros, D., Riina, R., Torres, D. S. C., Santos, R. F., Pereira, A. P. N., Rossine, Y., Lima, L. R., Muniz-Filho, E., Valduga, E. (2020) Croton. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 17497 (accessed 8 January 2022)" type="book chapter" year="2020">
Caruzo
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFEA0FF492CC78297" box="[364,422,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Trees growing on edges of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D539003047EFCFBFF482E908297" authority="forest" authorityName="Forest" box="[823,1009,194,220]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Araucaria forest</taxonomicName>
, Atlantic rainforest and riparian forest, between 800 and
<quantity id="4CC99B359003047EFE81FF6C2CF5834A" box="[333,404,230,257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="990.0">990 m</quantity>
elevation (
<figureCitation id="130A2A559003047EFDDDFF6C2F37834B" box="[529,598,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1401,1423]" captionTargetBox="[180,1401,535,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-164@9.[170,1417,533,1379]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map showing the known geographic distributions of Croton ceanothifolius, C. celtidifolius, C. chaetophorus, and C. chamaepitis in Paraná state." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7260289/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B9003047EFF71FE802E39836E" box="[189,856,266,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D09003047EFF71FE802E39836E" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,509]" box="[189,856,266,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFF71FE802C3E836F" bold="true" box="[189,351,266,292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Flowering and fruiting from October to May.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B9003047EFF71FEA42CC783B7" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D09003047EFF71FEA42CC783B7" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFF71FEA42F7A8303" bold="true" box="[189,539,302,328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Representative specimens:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D9003047EFDD7FEBA28C98303" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786322" box="[539,1448,302,331]" collectingDate="2000-01-11" collectionCode="I" collectorName="Adrianopolis &amp; Parque Estadual das Lauraceas" location="PARANA" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8329003047EFDD7FEBA2FED8300" box="[539,652,304,331]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">PARANÁ</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFD6CFEA42E548303" box="[672,821,302,328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Adrianópolis</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFC8AFEA529D28303" box="[838,1203,302,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Parque Estadual das Lauráceas</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF8F10109003047EFB08FEA428EB8303" box="[1220,1418,302,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2000-01-11">
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9F89003047EFB08FEA428EB8303" box="[1220,1418,302,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2000-01-11">11 January 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFA57FEA528C98303" box="[1435,1448,303,328]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFA57FEA528C98303" box="[1435,1448,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">I</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFA64FEA528CD8303" box="[1448,1452,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D9003047EFF44FED8294C8326" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786398" box="[136,1069,338,365]" collectingDate="1978-01-03" collectionCode="MBM, UPCB, G" collectorName="Isernhagen" location="Bateias" municipality="Campo Largo" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFF44FED82C188327" box="[136,377,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFF44FED82C678327" box="[136,262,338,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Isernhagen</collectorName>
et al. 308
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFE45FED82CB38327" box="[393,466,338,364]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">MBM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFE12FED82F4D8327" box="[478,556,338,364]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACAA9003047EFD8CFED82FBF8326" box="[576,734,338,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Campo Largo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEE600B9003047EFD26FED82E5E8327" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887C6900D047EFF44F9E82CC783B7:8EEE600B9003047EFD26FED82E5E8327" box="[746,831,338,364]" municipality="Campo Largo" name="Bateias" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="PARANA">Bateias</location>
,
<date id="FF8F10109003047EFC80FED8296B8327" box="[844,1034,338,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="1978-01-03">
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9F89003047EFC80FED8296B8327" box="[844,1034,338,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="1978-01-03">03 January 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFBDAFED9294C8326" box="[1046,1069,339,365]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFBDAFED9294C8326" box="[1046,1069,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">G</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFBE2FED929538326" box="[1070,1074,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D9003047EFBF6FED828C983DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786630" collectingDate="2016-10-20" collectionCode="MBM, NY, A, P, N" collectorName="Hatschbach &amp; Jaguariaiva" location="Rod. Governador Parigot de Souza" municipality="Pirai do Sul" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFBF6FED8286F8327" box="[1082,1294,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFBF6FED829A18327" box="[1082,1216,338,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Hatschbach</collectorName>
41075
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFAD2FED828068327" box="[1310,1383,338,364]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">MBM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFABFFED828C18327" box="[1395,1440,338,364]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACAA9003047EFF44FEFC2C7383DB" box="[136,274,374,400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Piraí do Sul</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEE600B9003047EFED3FEFC2FD183DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887C6900D047EFF44F9E82CC783B7:8EEE600B9003047EFED3FEFC2FD183DB" box="[287,688,374,400]" municipality="Pirai do Sul" name="Rod. Governador Parigot de Souza" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="PARANA">Rod. Governador Parigot de Souza</location>
, próximo ao km 247, sentido
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFBCBFEFC29E883DB" box="[1031,1161,374,400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Jaguariaíva</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF8F10109003047EFB5AFEFC283983DB" box="[1174,1368,374,400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2016-10-20">
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9F89003047EFB5AFEFC283983DB" box="[1174,1368,374,400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2016-10-20">20 October 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFAA9FEFD28C983DA" box="[1381,1448,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFAA9FEFD281983DA" box="[1381,1400,375,401]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFAB7FEFD28EC83DA" box="[1403,1421,375,401]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFA5DFEFD28C983DA" box="[1425,1448,375,401]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFA64FEFD2CA583FE" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
.
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D9003047EFF44FE112C5783FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786399" box="[136,310,411,437]" collectionCode="O, L, M" collectorName="Pereira" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFF44FE112DBE83FF" box="[136,223,411,436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Pereira</collectorName>
,
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(
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<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D9003047EFAE0FE112DDC8393" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786484" collectionCode="W" collectorName="Carpanezzi" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFAE0FE1128CD83FE" box="[1324,1452,411,437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Carpanezzi</collectorName>
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01
</emphasis>
(
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,
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,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFE2AFE342F5F8393" box="[486,574,446,472]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15100" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15100" name="Universidade Estadual de Maringá" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">HUEM</collectionCode>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACAA9003047EFD9CFE342F958393" box="[592,756,446,472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Tijucas do Sul</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFB67FE3529DC8392" box="[1195,1213,447,473]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
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<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFB71FE3528248393" box="[1213,1349,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
.
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D9003047EFB04FE3428238393" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786657" box="[1224,1346,446,473]" collectionCode="E" collectorName="Ribas" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFB04FE3428698393" box="[1224,1288,446,472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Ribas</collectorName>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D9003047EFA80FE342CC383B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786620" collectionCode="HUEFS, MBM, W" collectorName="Barbosa" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<emphasis id="B945EAC29003047EFA80FE342DD383B7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectorName id="26C453069003047EFA80FE3428CA8393" box="[1356,1451,446,472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Barbosa</collectorName>
401
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFF0DFE682C7F83B7" box="[193,286,482,508]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15506" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15506" name="Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">HUEFS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFEE5FE692C1183B6" box="[297,368,483,509]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">MBM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE159003047EFEB7FE682CFB83B7" box="[379,410,482,508]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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