treatments-xml/data/03/98/87/03988789FFE7FFA726D76EF42B6FFE8A.xml

<document id="FDEB964AE8D152AB6177A4CA3F43285E" ID-DOI="10.14446/AMNP.2014.59" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13183466" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722606882256" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sabol, Martin" docDate="2014" docId="03988789FFE7FFA726D76EF42B6FFE8A" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaMusNatPraSerB.70.1-2.59-70.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 70 (1 - 2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.14446/amnp.2014.59" docStyle="DocumentStyle:63483C499D9A2BE76998B4D5AD5DCB53.3:ActaMusNatPraSerB.2014-2015.journal_article" docStyleId="63483C499D9A2BE76998B4D5AD5DCB53" docStyleName="ActaMusNatPraSerB.2014-2015.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Panthera fossilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFA1FFF1FFE6FFA1257D6D0E2E2DFFE5" masterDocTitle="Panthera Fossilis (Reichenau, 1906) (Felidae, Carnivora) From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987 - 2007" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1722656658612" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="19AA0B747393DE7862173AC3123D77BD">Panthera Fossilis (Reichenau, 1906) (Felidae, Carnivora) From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987 - 2007</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="93E71C001FFBACFB3B790308569B7FA5">Sabol, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C24F1BD9822AC8D21C73F5B58BF819DA">Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, SK - 842 15 Bratislava, the Slovak Republic; e-mail: sabol @ fns. uniba. sk</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C32B6514FFE7FFA026D76EF42B11FBF4" box="[938,1340,1018,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA026D76EF42B11FBF4" blockId="1.[938,1340,1018,1042]" box="[938,1340,1018,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="D0C681F3FFE7FFA026D76EF42B11FBF4" box="[938,1340,1018,1042]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE7FFA026D76EF42B11FBF4" authority="(REICHENAU, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="REICHENAU" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[938,1340,1018,1042]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA026D76EF42B11FBF4" bold="true" box="[938,1340,1018,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA026D76EF42A4EFBF7" bold="true" box="[938,1123,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Panthera fossilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE7FFA0210C6EF42ADCFBF4" author="Reichenau, W. von" box="[1137,1265,1018,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="189 - 313" refId="ref11734" refString="Reichenau, W. von (1906): Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis der Carnivoren aus den Sanden von Mauer und Mosbach [Contribution to knowledge of carnivores from sands of Mauer and Mosbach]. - Abh. Grossherzogl. Hess. Geol. Landesanst., 4: 189 - 313. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1906">
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, 1906)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA0215169272A96FBA5" blockId="1.[1068,1211,1065,1088]" box="[1068,1211,1065,1088]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE7FFA0215169272A96FBA5" box="[1068,1211,1065,1088]" captionStart-0="Text-fig" captionStart-1="Text-fig" captionStartId-0="3.[106,189,1147,1168]" captionStartId-1="6.[129,212,1056,1077]" captionTargetBox-0="[106,1459,152,1117]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,768,152,1022]" captionTargetId-1="figure-753@6.[131,764,152,1021]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Text-fig. 2. Dentition and mandible of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Scale bars: A = 1 cm (a–c), B = 3 cm (d–e). a – C dext. (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; b – P4 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 3–4, ~ MIS 9), buccal view; c – m1 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 6,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; d – left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (non-stratified record), buccal view; e – a detail occlusal view of p4 and m1 of the left mandible." captionText-1="Text-fig. 4. Hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. a – left patella (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; b – fragment of left fibula (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; c – right calcaneus (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; d – right astragalus (Chodba naděje, layer 4, ≤ MIS 9), distal end view; e – left Mt IV (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), medial view; f – proximal phalanx of the first digit (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; g – proximal phalanx with gnaw marks (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), plantar view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183470" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183472" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13183470/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13183472/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Text-figs 2–4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA0264969662DFAFB36" blockId="1.[820,1460,1128,1235]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">1906 Reichenau, W. von, Beiträge zur näheren Kenntnis der Carnivoren aus den Sanden von Mauer und Mosbach. Abh. Grossherzogl. Hess. Geol. Landesanst. 4, Darmstadt, p. 301.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA0264969F62DC4FACF" blockId="1.[820,1459,1271,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
2005 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE7FFA026E969F62A97FAE8" authority="(DIETRICH)" baseAuthorityName="DIETRICH" box="[916,1210,1271,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosbachensis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA026E969F62D8FFAE8" box="[916,930,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
. cf. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA026B669F92A63FAE8" box="[971,1102,1271,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">mosbachensis</emphasis>
(
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)
</taxonomicName>
– Ábelová: 172, 174–175, Pl. I/1-2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA02649683C2BA2FAA2" blockId="1.[820,1459,1271,1351]" box="[820,1423,1329,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
2005 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE7FFA026E9683C2AA3FAA2" authority="(GOLDFUSS)" baseAuthorityName="GOLDFUSS" box="[916,1166,1329,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA026E9683C2D8EFAA2" box="[916,931,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
. cf. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA026B0683F2A3BFAA2" box="[973,1046,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">spelaea</emphasis>
(
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)
</taxonomicName>
– Ábelová: 172, 174–177.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA02627687E2B9EFA62" blockId="1.[858,1459,1392,1415]" box="[858,1459,1392,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
L o c u s Ty p i c u s. Mauer, 
<collectingCountry id="F326760FFFE7FFA021FD687E2AF2FA62" box="[1152,1247,1392,1415]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Germany</collectingCountry>
(MIS 15 or MIS 13).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA0262768912B9EFA53" blockId="1.[820,1459,1439,1494]" box="[858,1459,1439,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">S t r a t i g r a p h i c a n d g e o g r a p h i c d i s t r i b u t i o n.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA0264968B12B9EFA33" blockId="1.[820,1459,1439,1494]" box="[820,1459,1471,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Middle Pleistocene (MIS 17 – MIS 9/6?), Europe and Asia?</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE7FFA3262768E12FCBFF2A" blockId="1.[820,1459,1519,2099]" lastBlockId="2.[129,767,152,207]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
S p e c i e s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s. Large extinct representative of 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE7FFA026966B012A63F9C2" authorityName="OKEN" authorityYear="1816" box="[1003,1102,1551,1575]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA026966B012A63F9C2" box="[1003,1102,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Panthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus with less specialized lower teeth and less reduced lower premolars. The skull postorbital process is situated more anteriorly and bullae are relatively small and less protuberant. In comparison to 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE7FFA020476B7C2B81F96C" box="[1338,1452,1649,1673]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA020476B7C2B81F96C" box="[1338,1452,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P. spelaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE7FFA026496B9D2D8EF94F" baseAuthorityName="REICHENAU" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[820,931,1682,1706]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA026496B9D2D69F94F" box="[820,836,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA0262A6B9C2D8EF94F" box="[855,931,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">fossilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses smaller incisors; less flattened, but proportionally narrower canines; narrower P2; somewhat narrower P4 with shorter metastyle and smaller parastyle; proportionally shorter main cusps in P3, p3, and p4; less reduced anterior cusps in premolars; wider m1; and proportionally longer p4 from the viewpoint of the Lm1/Lp4 index. Its skull is slightly wider in the muzzle part and narrower in the postorbital and mastoid part, orbits are relatively smaller, nasals are relatively wider, and bullae are less inflated. Compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE7FFA021336AB42AA7F834" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1102,1162,1977,2001]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leo">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA021336AB42A73F834" box="[1102,1118,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE7FFA021176AB72AA7F834" box="[1130,1162,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">leo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species shows a greater overall size, shorter P4 metastyle, and smaller P2 (modified according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE7FFA026B26AF52A4CF7F7" author="Kurten, B." box="[975,1121,2043,2066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="215 - 273" refId="ref11219" refString="Kurten, B. (1965): The Pleistocene Felidae of Florida. - Bulletin of Florida State Museum, 9 (6): 215 - 273." type="journal article" year="1965">Kurtén 1965</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE7FFA0210F6AF52B3FF7F7" author="Dietrich, W. O." box="[1138,1298,2043,2066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="324 - 366" refId="ref10733" refString="Dietrich, W. O. (1968): Fossile Lowen im europaischen und afrikanischen Pleistozan [Fossil lions in European and African Pleistocene]. - Palaontologische Abhandlungen, Abteilung A - Palaozoologie, 3 (2): 324 - 366. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1968">Dietrich 1968</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE7FFA0205E6AF52B82F7F7" author="Schutt, G." box="[1315,1455,2043,2066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="192 - 220" refId="ref11922" refString="Schutt, G. (1969): Untersuchungen am Gebiss von Panthera leo fossilis (v. Reichenau, 1906) und Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) [Study on the dentition of Panthera leo fossilis (v. Reichenau, 1906) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810)]. - Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abh., 134 (2): 192 - 220. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1969">Schütt 1969</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE7FFA0264965122A7EF7D6" author="Schutt, G. &amp; Hemmer, H." box="[820,1107,2076,2099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="228 - 255" refId="ref12004" refString="Schutt, G., Hemmer, H. (1978): Zur Evolution des Lowen (Panthera leo L.) im europaischen Pleistozan [Evolution of lions (Panthera leo L.) in European Pleistocene]. - Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Mh., (4): 228 - 255. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1978">Schütt and Hemmer 1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE7FFA0212365122AC6F7D6" author="Argant, A." box="[1118,1259,2076,2099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="449 - 466" refId="ref9861" refString="Argant, A. (1988): Etude de l´exemplaire de Panthera spelaea (GOLDFUSS, 1810) (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) du gisement Pleistocene moyen recent de la grotte d´Aze (Saone et Loire) [Study of Panthera spelaea (GOLDFUSS, 1810) specimen (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) from Middle Pleistocene deposits of Aze Cave (Saone et Loire)]. - Revue de Paleobiologie, 7 (2): 449 - 466. (in French)" type="journal article" year="1988">Argant 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE7FFA3218565122F15FF4A" author="Baryshnikov, G. &amp; Boeskorov, G." lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="7 - 23" refId="ref10382" refString="Baryshnikov, G., Boeskorov, G. (2001): The Pleistocene cave lion, Panthera spelaea (Carnivora, Mammalia) from Yakutia, Russia. - Cranium, 18 (1): 7 - 23." type="journal article" year="2001">Baryshnikov and Boeskorov 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE4FFA324386D962CB5FF4A" author="Sotnikova, M. &amp; Nikolskyi, P." box="[325,664,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="218 - 228" refId="ref12068" refString="Sotnikova, M., Nikolskyi, P. (2006): Systematic position of the cave lion Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss) based on cranial and dental characters. - Quaternary International, 142 - 143: 218 - 228. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quaint. 2005.03.019" type="book chapter" year="2006">Sotnikova and Nikolskyi 2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE4FFA327D86D962E94FF2A" author="Barycka, E." pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref10334" refString="Barycka, E. (2008): Fauna Poloniae-Fauna Polski. Vol. 2 ns - Middle and late Pleistocene Felidae and Hyaenidae of Poland. - Natura optima dux Foundation, Museum and Istitute of Zoology Polish Academy of Science, Warszawa, 228 pp .." type="book" year="2008">Barycka 2008</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE4FFA3258D6DB62FF6FF2A" author="Marciszak, A. &amp; Schouwenburg, Ch. &amp; Darga, R." box="[240,475,184,207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="245 - 257" refId="ref11429" refString="Marciszak, A., Schouwenburg, Ch., Darga, R. (2014): Decreasing size process in the cave (Pleistocene) lion Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) evolution - A review. - Quaternary International, 339 - 340: 245 - 257. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quaint. 2013.10.008" type="book chapter" year="2014">Marciszak et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6DE92C09FEBA" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">M a t e r i a l. Vykopaná chodba (left side; age unknown, probably ≤ MIS 9) – thoracic vertebra, 2 fragments of radius, Mc III dext., metacarpal fragment, fragment of calcaneus, Mt III sin. fragment, Mt IV sin.? fragment;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6C662CD1FE7A" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Vykopaná chodba (Profile ZH P-3, layers 3 (MIS 9) and 4 (&gt; MIS 9, cold phase) – left astragalus, 2 medial phalanges;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6CA62FD9FDFA" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chodba naděje (Profile ZH P-7b, layer 3; age unknown, probably MIS 9) – fragment of P4 sin.?, m1 dext. fragment, fragment of left ulna, 2 right and 2 left calcanei, Mt IV sin., proximal phalanx, medial phalanx;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6F272F6EFD65" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Chodba naděje (Profile ZH P-7b, layers 3–4, depth 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE4FFA325FC6F472ED2FD85" box="[129,255,585,608]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="110.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="80.0">80–140 cm</quantity>
; age unknown, probably ~ MIS 9) – P4 dext., proximal phalanx;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6F872CF5FD25" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Chodba naděje (Profile ZH P-7b, layer 4, depth 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE4FFA327DF6F872E88FD25" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="190.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="180.0">180–200 cm</quantity>
; age unknown, probably ≥ MIS 9) – right astragalus;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6FC72FEAFCE5" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chodba naděje (Profile ZH P-7b, layer 6; age unknown, probably&gt; MIS 9) – m1 dext.;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6E042FF1FCA4" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Kostnice I (Profile ZH P-6, depth to 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE4FFA3274C6E042C73FCC4" box="[561,606,778,801]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
; age unknown, probably ≥ MIS 9) – Mc IV sin.;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6E442FB6FC64" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Kostnice II (Profile ZH P-5, layer 2b; MIS 9) – fragment of P4 sin.?, left astragalus;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6E842F42FC24" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Kostnice II (Profile ZH P-5, layers 2b-3b; MIS 9) – fragment of P4 dext.?;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6EC42F7EFBC7" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Kostnice II (Profile ZH P-5, brown loam complex; probably MIS 9) – 2 fragments of right mandible with p4 and m1, Mt IV sin.;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB69252E91FAA6" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Narozeninová chodba (Profile ZH P-9, layer 5;&gt; MIS 9) – C dext., fragment of left mandible with m1 alveolus, 5 caudal vertebrae, fragment of right scapula, fragment of right humerus, fragment of left humerus, right capitatum, left capitatum, Mc I dext., left patella, fragment of right fibula, fragment of left fibula, right calcaneus, Mt IV dext., fragment of metapodial distal epiphysis, 5 proximal phalanges, 4 medial phalanges, fragments of 2 distal phalanges, sesamoid bone;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB68422FB5FA66" blockId="2.[129,768,231,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Non-stratified finds (exception) – fragment of left mandible with p4 and m1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB68952EDBF956" blockId="2.[129,768,1435,2099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
D e s c r i p t i o n. The right upper canine (C dext.) belonged to an adult specimen (
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE4FFA324A268B52C4FFA37" box="[479,610,1467,1490]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,189,1147,1168]" captionTargetBox="[106,1459,152,1117]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Dentition and mandible of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Scale bars: A = 1 cm (a–c), B = 3 cm (d–e). a – C dext. (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; b – P4 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 3–4, ~ MIS 9), buccal view; c – m1 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 6,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; d – left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (non-stratified record), buccal view; e – a detail occlusal view of p4 and m1 of the left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183470/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Text-fig. 2a</figureCitation>
), according to measurements of the preserved crown part and root probably to a male (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE4FFA3258D68F22F1EF9F6" box="[240,307,1532,1555]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[129,185,154,175]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of upper and lower dentition of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to Ábelová 2005). Measurements in mm, indexes in %." pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). A slightly worn distinct lingual as well as serrated aboral crest is present on the crown. There are also distinguishable grooves on the flattened (lesser than in cave lions) lateral crown sides. In spite of this, the basal crown shape is still oval in cross-section. No basal cingulum is developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA325DB6BB22B8DFD2A" blockId="2.[129,768,1435,2099]" lastBlockId="2.[843,1482,152,2099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
The crown of the isolated right upper carnassial (P4 dext.) is partly covered by a very thin surface sinter on the protocone lobe (
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE4FFA324566BF22F81F8F6" box="[299,428,1788,1811]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,189,1147,1168]" captionTargetBox="[106,1459,152,1117]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Dentition and mandible of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Scale bars: A = 1 cm (a–c), B = 3 cm (d–e). a – C dext. (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; b – P4 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 3–4, ~ MIS 9), buccal view; c – m1 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 6,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; d – left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (non-stratified record), buccal view; e – a detail occlusal view of p4 and m1 of the left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183470/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Text-fig. 2b</figureCitation>
). The dominant robust paracone possesses distinct anterior and posterior crests as well as a distinctly rounded blunt crest on the anterolingual side, running from the cusp tip probably as far as the protocone lobe. In front of the paracone, the crest-shaped parastyle with rounded anteroposterior cutting edge is separated by a notch. The cingular preparastyle (a typical character for 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE4FFA327F26AB32CDBF831" baseAuthorityName="REICHENAU" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[655,758,1980,2004]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE4FFA327F26AB32CB2F831" box="[655,671,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE4FFA327D16AB22CDBF831" box="[684,758,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">fossilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is absent, although the anterior cingular bulge is cuspletshaped (i.e. with the indication of tiny accessory cusps). The slightly damaged metacone is smaller than the parastyle, separated from the paracone by a prominent notch, continuing on the buccal side into a shallow, buccally opening depression with a flat bottom. The metacone continues in a reverse direction via its crest-shaped cutting edge into a rounded metastyle at the posterior crown margin. The metacone – metastyle length is proportionally longer than in the upper carnassials of cave lions (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE4FFA320406C562BA8FE8A" box="[1341,1413,344,367]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[129,185,154,175]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of upper and lower dentition of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to Ábelová 2005). Measurements in mm, indexes in %." pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). The cingulum is moderately developed only on the anterobuccal crown margin and indicated on the posterolingual side. From three roots, the posterior root is the most robust and the lingual root under the protocone lobe is the smallest. The rest of the isolated upper fourth premolars, referred to from the site by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE4FFA326DF6F162A7CFDCA" author="Abelova, M." box="[930,1105,536,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová (2005)</bibRefCitation>
as 2 P4 sin. and 1 P4 dext., are preserved only as fragments according to the original description. During revision, the presence of these teeth within the fossil record was not validated and also an illustration of one of these specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE4FFA3218B6F962BBBFD4A" author="Abelova, M." box="[1270,1430,664,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová 2005</bibRefCitation>
: tab. I.1) indicates a rather different tooth 
<typeStatus id="548A883DFFE4FFA321A96FB62B2FFD2A" box="[1236,1282,696,719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
than P4 (P3?).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA3260C6FD62B57FAB6" blockId="2.[843,1482,152,2099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
The anterior cusp (paraconid) of a double-rooted p4, still situated in a left mandible fragment, is smaller than the posterior one (hypoconid). It possesses a distinctly developed posterior crest and the cusp is separated from the main one (protoconid) by a notch. The main cusp is moderately sloping posteriorly, with a distinctly longer anterior as well as posterior crest. It is more flattened on the buccal side and triangular on the lingual side with a blunt rounded crest-shaped margin. The posterior cusp is also separated from the main cusp by a notch. The cusp possesses a distinct longitudinal crest and it is separated posteriorly by a weak notch from the basal cingulum. This is developed mainly on the posterolingual crown margin, where it is bordering the talonid area. Both notches, separating the main cusp from the paraconid and the hypoconid, pass into shallow valleys on the lingual side. Similar morphology can also be observed in somewhat smaller p4s in two right mandible fragments (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE4FFA3262E69F22DB5FAF6" box="[851,920,1276,1299]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[129,185,154,175]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of upper and lower dentition of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to Ábelová 2005). Measurements in mm, indexes in %." pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
), differing more or less only in the similar size of the anterior and the posterior cusp, or the slightly smaller hypoconid respectively (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE4FFA3210668322B38FAB6" author="Abelova, M." box="[1147,1301,1340,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová 2005</bibRefCitation>
: tab. I.2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE4FFA2260C68522F5EF8EE" blockId="2.[843,1482,152,2099]" lastBlockId="3.[106,745,1485,2099]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
The paraconid of an isolated right lower carnassial (m1 dext.; 
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE4FFA326E968722A35FA76" box="[916,1048,1404,1427]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,189,1147,1168]" captionTargetBox="[106,1459,152,1117]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Dentition and mandible of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Scale bars: A = 1 cm (a–c), B = 3 cm (d–e). a – C dext. (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; b – P4 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 3–4, ~ MIS 9), buccal view; c – m1 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 6,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; d – left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (non-stratified record), buccal view; e – a detail occlusal view of p4 and m1 of the left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183470/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Text-fig. 2c</figureCitation>
) is smaller, but more robust than the protoconid, whereas it is optically lower than the protoconid of m1 sin. from the mandible fragment, similarly in a further two m1s from right mandible fragments. The paraconid anterior margin is either rounded (isolated m1 dext.) or oblique and straight, rounding only near the crown base (m1 dext. et sin. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE4FFA326AE6B322A35F9B6" box="[979,1048,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">in situ</emphasis>
). The paraconid cutting edge is shorter than the protoconid one. The paraconid is separated from the protoconid by a distinct, relatively deep notch that passes into a wide shallow lingual valley without an accessory cusp at the bottom, or with only an indication of it near the crown base respectively (isolated m1 dext.). The protoconid possesses distinguishable anterior and posterior margins. The posterior one is nearly vertical, moderately deviated medially at the base (isolated m1 dext.) or it is sharp, passing into the basal cingulum (or cingular talonid resp.) and bordered by a groove on the inner side (m1 sin. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE4FFA321B66A722B23F876" box="[1227,1294,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">in situ</emphasis>
). In the posterior part of the cingular talonid, a tiny cingular cusp may be developed. The cingulum is present only in the posterior crown part or also on the buccal side (isolated m1 dext.). In the occlusal view, the crown is convexly curved – it is halfmoon-shaped with a distinct cutting edge which forms a relatively wide-open V in m1 sin. On the lingual side of all m1s, a typical bulge can be observed (
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE5FFA2248668E02C57F9E0" box="[507,634,1518,1541]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,189,1147,1168]" captionTargetBox="[106,1459,152,1117]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Dentition and mandible of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Scale bars: A = 1 cm (a–c), B = 3 cm (d–e). a – C dext. (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; b – P4 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 3–4, ~ MIS 9), buccal view; c – m1 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 6,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; d – left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (non-stratified record), buccal view; e – a detail occlusal view of p4 and m1 of the left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Text-fig. 2e</figureCitation>
). A zigzag enamel structure is also present, although this character is variable and its classification value (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE5FFA2276E6B3E2E8DF982" author="Schutt, G. &amp; Hemmer, H." pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="228 - 255" refId="ref12004" refString="Schutt, G., Hemmer, H. (1978): Zur Evolution des Lowen (Panthera leo L.) im europaischen Pleistozan [Evolution of lions (Panthera leo L.) in European Pleistocene]. - Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Mh., (4): 228 - 255. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1978">Schütt and Hemmer 1978</bibRefCitation>
or 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE5FFA225B46B5E2F48F982" author="Barycka, E." box="[201,357,1616,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refId="ref10334" refString="Barycka, E. (2008): Fauna Poloniae-Fauna Polski. Vol. 2 ns - Middle and late Pleistocene Felidae and Hyaenidae of Poland. - Natura optima dux Foundation, Museum and Istitute of Zoology Polish Academy of Science, Warszawa, 228 pp .." type="book" year="2008">Barycka 2008</bibRefCitation>
) is questionable. Both roots of the isolated right lower carnassial are entirely preserved and the anterior one is more robust as well as larger than the posterior root. A fragment of another isolated m1 dext. with preserved paraconid and protoconid parts is also known from the site (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE5FFA2250C6BFA2F26F8EE" author="Abelova, M." box="[113,267,1780,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová 2005</bibRefCitation>
) (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE5FFA2245D6BFA2F4EF8EE" box="[288,355,1780,1803]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[129,185,154,175]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of upper and lower dentition of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to Ábelová 2005). Measurements in mm, indexes in %." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E6617FFE5FFA2251769752FD5FA93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13183470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" startId="3.[106,189,1147,1168]" targetBox="[106,1459,152,1117]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE5FFA2251769752FD5FA93" blockId="3.[106,745,1147,1398]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE5FFA2251769752E57FADD" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Text-fig. 2. Dentition and mandible of 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE5FFA2274869752F1CFB48" authority="(REICHENAU, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="REICHENAU" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE5FFA2274869752CC4FB74" bold="true" box="[565,745,1147,1169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Panthera fossilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE5FFA2250C69962ECAFB49" author="Reichenau, W. von" box="[113,231,1176,1197]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="189 - 313" refId="ref11734" refString="Reichenau, W. von (1906): Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis der Carnivoren aus den Sanden von Mauer und Mosbach [Contribution to knowledge of carnivores from sands of Mauer and Mosbach]. - Abh. Grossherzogl. Hess. Geol. Landesanst., 4: 189 - 313. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1906">
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, 1906)
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from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Scale bars: A = 1 cm (a–c), B = 3 cm (d–e). a – C dext. (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; b – P4 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 3–4, ~ MIS 9), buccal view; c – m1 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 6,&gt;
</emphasis>
MIS 9), lingual view; d – left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (non-stratified record), buccal view; e – a detail occlusal view of p4 and m1 of the left mandible.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE5FFA225ED6A1B2BB1FAEF" blockId="3.[106,745,1485,2099]" lastBlockId="3.[820,1459,1009,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Mandibles are represented within the fossil record under study only as an unmeasurable left mandible fragment with m1 alveoli and a left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (described above) and with the alveoli of a canine and two-rooted p3. Both fragments probably belonged to adult males (
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE5FFA225CB6AB72F15F835" box="[182,312,1977,2000]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,189,1147,1168]" captionTargetBox="[106,1459,152,1117]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Dentition and mandible of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Scale bars: A = 1 cm (a–c), B = 3 cm (d–e). a – C dext. (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; b – P4 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 3–4, ~ MIS 9), buccal view; c – m1 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 6,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; d – left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (non-stratified record), buccal view; e – a detail occlusal view of p4 and m1 of the left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Text-fig. 2d</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE5FFA2243E6AB72FA5F835" box="[323,392,1977,2000]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[129,186,1464,1485]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of the left mandible fragment of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Measurements in mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
). Another two fragments of right mandibles with p4 and m1 are figured in the paper by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE5FFA225176AF52F3EF7F7" author="Abelova, M." box="[106,275,2043,2066]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová (2005</bibRefCitation>
: tab. I.2A-B), although only the mandible fragment from tab. I.2B is also briefly described there. The 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE5FFA22649696B2BB1FAEF" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">chodba, left side, ≤ MIS 9), lateral view; b – fragment of left ulna (Chodba naděje, layer 3, MIS 9), lateral view; c – fragment of right humerus (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), caudal view; d – right capitatum (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lateral view; e – fragment of right Mc III (Vykopaná chodba, left side, ≤ MIS 9), dorsal view.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE5FFA2264968612A68F92B" blockId="3.[820,1459,1391,2098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
mandible ramus of the adult male (
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE5FFA221DA68612B0AFA63" box="[1191,1319,1391,1414]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,189,1147,1168]" captionTargetBox="[106,1459,152,1117]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Dentition and mandible of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Scale bars: A = 1 cm (a–c), B = 3 cm (d–e). a – C dext. (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; b – P4 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 3–4, ~ MIS 9), buccal view; c – m1 dext. (Chodba naděje, layer 6,&gt; MIS 9), lingual view; d – left mandible fragment with p4 and m1 (non-stratified record), buccal view; e – a detail occlusal view of p4 and m1 of the left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Text-fig. 2d</figureCitation>
) is relatively high, straight to slightly convex at its base, with three 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE5FFA2264968BE2DD4FA2D" box="[820,1017,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">foramina mentalia</emphasis>
, the largest of which is situated under the anterior alveolus of p3 (the remaining two foramens are situated under the diastema between the canine and p3). The preserved anterior part of the masseteric fossa is relatively deep in all mandible finds, extending to under the m1 protoconid. The diameter of the p3 anterior alveolus in the adult male mandible fragment is 
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x 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE5FFA220596B782BA9F968" box="[1316,1412,1654,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.72" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="8.72">8.72 mm</quantity>
and the diameter of the p3 posterior alveolus in the same fragment is 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE5FFA226306BB92D9AF92B" box="[845,951,1719,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.152" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="11.52">11.52 mm</quantity>
x 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE5FFA226AF6BB92A6CF92B" box="[978,1089,1719,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.165" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="11.65">11.65 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE5FFA226276BD62B1DF7D7" blockId="3.[820,1459,1391,2098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Based on the so far studied lion-like fossils from Za Hájovnou Cave, the axial skeleton is represented by only a fragment of thoracic vertebra and five caudal vertebrae from minimally 
<specimenCount id="9D37FD16FFE5FFA226916A352A4EF8B7" box="[1004,1123,1851,1874]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="adult">two adults</specimenCount>
. Interestingly, the body of the thoracic vertebra fragment shows some biting marks of a larger predator/scavenger (Text-fig. 3a), probably a hyena (
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE5FFA226406A952DC6F856" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[829,1003,1947,1971]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocuta">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE5FFA226406A952DC6F856" box="[829,1003,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Crocuta crocuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp.) or wolf (
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE5FFA221F66A952B27F856" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1163,1290,1947,1971]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE5FFA221F66A952B27F856" box="[1163,1290,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Canis lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp.), fossils of which were also found at the site (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE5FFA221DD6AB52B10F837" author="Abelova, M." box="[1184,1341,1979,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová 2005</bibRefCitation>
). It can not be excluded that this bone damage could have been caused by another carnivore, such as a bear or specimen of the same species (interspecific or intraspecific conflict?).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E6617FFE2FFA525FC6D942AF2FF29" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" startId="4.[129,185,154,175]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525FC6D942AF2FF29" blockId="4.[129,1482,154,204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA525FC6D942C96FF4A" bold="true" box="[129,699,154,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Table 1. Measurements of upper and lower dentition of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE2FFA527BE6D942A1CFF4A" authority="(REICHENAU, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="REICHENAU" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[707,1073,154,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA527BE6D942DC6FF4B" bold="true" box="[707,1003,154,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA527BE6D942D47FF55" bold="true" box="[707,874,154,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Panthera fossilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE2FFA526056D942DC6FF4B" author="Reichenau, W. von" box="[888,1003,154,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="189 - 313" refId="ref11734" refString="Reichenau, W. von (1906): Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis der Carnivoren aus den Sanden von Mauer und Mosbach [Contribution to knowledge of carnivores from sands of Mauer and Mosbach]. - Abh. Grossherzogl. Hess. Geol. Landesanst., 4: 189 - 313. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1906">
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</emphasis>
, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE2FFA527B06DB92D77FF29" author="Abelova, M." box="[717,858,183,204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Measurements in mm, indexes in %.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA527D26DE02B9CFEE7" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" box="[687,1457,238,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA527D26DE02B9CFEE7" bold="true" box="[687,1457,238,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C dext. P4 dext. p4 dext. p4 sin. m1 dext. m1 dext. m1 sin.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA527D86C082B88FEAF" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
Narozeni- Chodba Kostnice II non- Chodba Kostnice II non- 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE2FFA5259C6C102C19FED7" authority=", Za Hajovnou Cave" authorityName="Za Hajovnou Cave" box="[225,564,286,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA5259C6C102C19FED7" bold="true" box="[225,564,286,306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA5259C6C102F5AFED7" bold="true" box="[225,375,286,306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Panthera fossilis</emphasis>
, Za Hájovnou Cave
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nová chodba naděje brown stratified naděje brown stratified layer 5 layers 3–4 loam com. finds layer 6 loam com. finds
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA527D16C402B1BFE87" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" box="[684,1334,334,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">&gt; MIS 9 ~ MIS 9 MIS 9&gt; MIS 9 MIS 9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F16C652FD8FE32" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">total tooth length – 41.70 31.00 32.86 32.45 29.61 34.33 longitudinal diameter of crown base 31.10 – – – – – – transversal diameter of crown base 22.80 – – – – – – longitudinal diameter of crown base in %</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA527C56CDC2BB8FE03" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" box="[696,1429,466,486]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">73.31 – – – – – –</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F16CEF2B85FB9E" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">of transversal diameter of crown base paracone length – 15.90 – – – – – paracone length _ 100 / total tooth length – 38.13 – – – – – metacone – metastyle length – 16.90 – – – – – metacone – metastyle length 100 / total tooth length – 40.53 – – – – – metacone – metastyle length 100 / paracone length – 106.29 – – – – – paracone – metastyle length – 30.50 – – – – – paracone – metastyle length 100 / total tooth length – 73.14 – – – – – paraconid length – – – 5.61 16.50 – 16.99 protoconid length – – – 15.53 15.50 – 17.73 hypoconid length – – – 6.81 – – – maximum tooth width – – 15.92 16.90 17.20 16.80 17.23 maximum tooth width 100 / total tooth length – – 51.36 51.43 53.01 56.74 50.19 maximum anterior tooth width – – – 14.52 – – – maximum anterior tooth width 100 / total tooth length – – – 44.19 – – – maximum tooth width in the middle – – – 16.47 – – – maximum posterior tooth width – 13.70 – 15.65 – – – maximum posterior tooth width 100 / total tooth length – 32.85 – 47.63 – – – paracone height / paraconid height – 23.00 – 15.01 18.40 – 19.82 protoconid height – – 17.00 18.24 16.30 16.69 19.68 hypoconid height – – – 17.24 – – – lower height of the notch in m1 – – – – 10.50 – 11.91 upper height of the notch in m1 – – – – 13.40 – 15.46</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F1698C2FB5FB73" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" box="[140,408,1154,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">(= crown height in the middle)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F169912BB8FACC" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">length of the paraconid cutting edge – – – – 11.00 – 10.30 length of the protoconid cutting edge – – – – 13.80 – 15.01 length between tips of the paraconid and the protoconid – – – – 21.50 – 20.54 maximum longitudinal diameter of the root 34.30 – – – – – – maximum transversal diameter of the root 24.40 – – – – – –</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F1683D2C2BFAA2" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" box="[140,518,1331,1351]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">max. longitudinal diameter of the root in %</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA527C5684C2BB8FAB3" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" box="[696,1429,1346,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">71.14 – – – – – –</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F168402CE8F9BF" blockId="4.[140,1462,238,1378]" box="[140,709,1358,1626]" lastBlockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
of max. longitudinal diameter 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA5274B6B482CE8F9BF" bold="true" box="[566,709,1606,1626]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">mandibula sin.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E6617FFE2FFA525FC68B62F49F9C6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" startId="4.[129,186,1464,1485]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525FC68B62F49F9C6" blockId="4.[129,767,1464,1571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA525FC68B62CD2FA28" bold="true" box="[129,767,1464,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Table 2. Measurements of the left mandible fragment of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE2FFA525FC68DA2C38FA0F" authority="(REICHENAU, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="REICHENAU" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[129,533,1492,1514]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA525FC68DA2FE9FA0C" bold="true" box="[129,452,1492,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA525FC68DA2F1BFA0F" bold="true" box="[129,310,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Panthera fossilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE2FFA5243368DB2FE9FA0C" author="Reichenau, W. von" box="[334,452,1493,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="189 - 313" refId="ref11734" refString="Reichenau, W. von (1906): Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis der Carnivoren aus den Sanden von Mauer und Mosbach [Contribution to knowledge of carnivores from sands of Mauer and Mosbach]. - Abh. Grossherzogl. Hess. Geol. Landesanst., 4: 189 - 313. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1906">
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</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Measurements in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525CC6B5D2FE7F982" blockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" box="[177,458,1619,1639]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE2FFA525CC6B5D2FE7F982" authority=", Za Hajovnou Cave" authorityName="Za Hajovnou Cave" box="[177,458,1619,1639]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA525CC6B5D2FE7F982" bold="true" box="[177,458,1619,1639]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA525CC6B5D2F25F982" bold="true" box="[177,264,1619,1639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">P. fossilis</emphasis>
, Za Hájovnou Cave
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA5275A6B6D2CBAF970" blockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">non-stratified finds depth ramus at diastema 57.98</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F16B902CBAF957" blockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" box="[140,663,1694,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">depth ramus at p3 anterior margin 57.42</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F16BB52CBAF92A" blockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" box="[140,663,1723,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">depth ramus at p4 anterior margin 56.53</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F16BD72CBAF908" blockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" box="[140,663,1753,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">depth ramus at m1 anterior margin 62.65</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F16BF82CBAF8C2" blockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">depth ramus at m1 posterior margin 60.49 p3–m1 length (alveolar) 87.16</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F16A3F2CBAF8A0" blockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" box="[140,663,1841,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">p4 length 32.86</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525F16A402CBAF887" blockId="4.[140,724,1606,1890]" box="[140,663,1870,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">m1 length 34.33</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525DB6A922CC6F811" blockId="4.[129,768,1948,2101]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
The preserved scapula fragment of an adult is relatively damaged, e.g. in the middle characteristically cut out glenoid cavity with a transverse dimension (the height) of 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE2FFA527E46AD32CCAF811" box="[665,743,2013,2036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA525DB6AF02D96F98A" blockId="4.[129,768,1948,2101]" lastBlockId="4.[843,1482,1462,2095]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
The forelimb stylopodium is represented within the fossil record under study by only a fragment of right humerus distal part (Text-fig. 3c; 
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE2FFA5216F68B82A78FA28" box="[1042,1109,1462,1485]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="5.[106,163,154,175]" captionText="Table 3. Measurements of forelimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Measurements in mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
) with the possible marks of biotic agent activity as well as a fragment of left humerus distal epiphysis. Both stylopodial fragments belonged to adult animals. The olecranon fossa of the right humerus is lengthwise, relatively small, but deep and sharply bordered at its base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE2FFA4260C6B762BB1FEE7" blockId="4.[843,1482,1462,2095]" lastBlockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
From the forelimb zeugopodial region, only a left ulna fragment and fragments of the proximal part of a right and left radius were found within the stratified collecting areas until 2007. The left ulna fragment of an adult specimen (Text-fig. 3b; 
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE2FFA5269E6BF62A0AF8EA" box="[995,1063,1784,1807]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="5.[106,163,154,175]" captionText="Table 3. Measurements of forelimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Measurements in mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
) consists of the proximal part, mostly covered by a thin sinter layer. A preserved irregular to stepped fracture indicates bone disintegration “after its drying” during the fossilization process, whereas tiny gnawing marks indicate the activity of lesser carnivores (mustelids?) after the animal´s death. The oval-shaped heads of both preserved proximal parts of adult radii (
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA5206A6AB62BB9F82A" box="[1303,1428,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">caput radii</emphasis>
) are slightly narrowed posteriorly and without a sagittal crest. A 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE2FFA526136AF92A01F7EA" box="[878,1068,2039,2063]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">tuberositas radii</emphasis>
on the posterolateral side is less distinguishable than the distinct oval to longitudinal one on 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA4272E6DE02BB1FEE7" bold="true" box="[595,1436,238,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">humerus radius os carpale os carpale Mc III</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E6617FFE3FFA425176D942CA7FF29" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" startId="5.[106,163,154,175]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425176D942CA7FF29" blockId="5.[106,1459,154,204]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA425176D942C6DFF4A" bold="true" box="[106,576,154,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Table 3. Measurements of forelimb bones of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE3FFA427346D942DEEFF4A" authority="(REICHENAU, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="REICHENAU" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[585,963,154,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA427346D942D56FF4B" bold="true" box="[585,891,154,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA427346D942CDBFF55" bold="true" box="[585,758,154,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Panthera fossilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE3FFA426786D942D56FF4B" author="Reichenau, W. von" box="[773,891,154,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="189 - 313" refId="ref11734" refString="Reichenau, W. von (1906): Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis der Carnivoren aus den Sanden von Mauer und Mosbach [Contribution to knowledge of carnivores from sands of Mauer and Mosbach]. - Abh. Grossherzogl. Hess. Geol. Landesanst., 4: 189 - 313. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1906">
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</emphasis>
, 1906)
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from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Measurements in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA427BF6DF52B6DFEEA" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" box="[706,1344,251,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA427BF6DF52B6DFEEA" bold="true" box="[706,1344,251,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ulna sin. radius sin. Mc I dext.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA4271A6C082BB9FEFF" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" box="[615,1428,262,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA4271A6C082BB9FEFF" bold="true" box="[615,1428,262,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">dext. dext. III dext. III sin. dext.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA4272C6C102DCDFEDA" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Narozeni- Chodba Narozeninová chodba Narozeni- Vykopaná 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE3FFA425D46C252DB7FEDA" authority=", Za Hajovnou Cave Vykopana" authorityName="Za Hajovnou Cave Vykopana" box="[169,922,299,319]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA425D46C252C25FEDA" bold="true" box="[169,520,299,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA425D46C252F6BFEDA" bold="true" box="[169,326,299,319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Panthera fossilis</emphasis>
, Za Hájovnou Cave
</emphasis>
Vykopaná
</taxonomicName>
chodba
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA427256C382B8DFE87" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">nová ch. naděje nová ch. chodba layer 5 layer 3 left side layer 5 layer 5 left side</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA427256C682F99FE34" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">&gt; MIS 9 MIS 9? MIS 9&gt; MIS 9&gt; MIS 9? MIS 9 height of the sigmoid cavity – 47.4 – – – – – – maximum width of the sigmoid cavity – 49.0 – – – – – – maximum anteroposterior diameter</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA427046CC42BAFFE3B" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" box="[633,1410,458,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">– 68.4 50.1 50.5 – – – –</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425086CDB2F99FDC7" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">of the olecranon maximum transversal diameter of the olecranon – 34.2 – – – – – – maximum anteroposterior diameter</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA427046F152BBCFDCA" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" box="[633,1425,539,559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">– – – – – – – 38.7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425086F282FA0FDB0" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">of the proximal epiphysis maximum transversal diameter</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA427046F412BBCFD86" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" box="[633,1425,591,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">– – – – – – – 35.2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425086F572FC8FD20" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">of the proximal epiphysis height of the anterior apophysis of the olecranon – 69.5 – – – – – – anteroposterior diameter of the neck – – 34.9 35.0 – – – – anteroposterior diameter of the proximal</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA427046FB02C32FC0D" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">– – 39.4 47.3 – – – – articular surface anteroposterior diameter of the diaphysis – – 41.8 – – – 17.6 19.1 transversal diameter of the diaphysis – – – – – – 21.5 21.0 transversal diameter of the diaphysis (distal) 57.8 – – – – – – – anteroposterior diameter of the diaphysis (distal) 44.4 – – – – – – – upper transversal diameter of the trochlea 69.2 – – – – – – – lower transversal diameter of the trochlea 75.2 – – – – – – – maximum height of the trochlea 43.7 – – – – – – – maximum width of the olecranon fossa 44.8 – – – – – – – anteroposterior diameter of the distal epiphysis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA427176EEF2BAFFC10" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" box="[618,1410,993,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">34.9 – – – – – – –</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425086EE22F99FBF9" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">at the place of the trochlea maximum anteroposterior diameter</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA42704691B2BAFFBCC" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" box="[633,1410,1045,1065]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">– – – – – – 21.4 –</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA42508692E2FA0FBAA" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">of the distal epiphysis maximum transversal diameter</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA4270469472BAFFBB8" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" box="[633,1410,1097,1117]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">– – – – – – 22.5 –</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA42508695D2BAFFB24" blockId="5.[117,1451,238,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">of the distal epiphysis maximum transversal diameter – – – – 29.0 28.6 – – maximum anteroposterior diameter – – – – 30.2 33.3 – – maximum vertical diameter – – – – 48.6 46.6 – –</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA42517683C2FCFFA2C" blockId="5.[106,746,1330,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">the medial (inner) side. The inner surface of the diaphysis is flat to convex, bordered posteriorly by a distinctly rough crest and by a smaller oblique one in the middle. The diaphyseal lateral surface is moderately concave and the diaphysis is enlarged in a downwards direction.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425ED68DC2E98F9A9" blockId="5.[106,746,1330,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
The right and left capitatum of adult individuals (Text-fig. 3d; 
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE3FFA425E668FD2EC5F9EF" box="[155,232,1523,1546]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="5.[106,163,154,175]" captionText="Table 3. Measurements of forelimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Measurements in mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
) are preserved almost undamaged, without pathological characters and postmortal traces of taphonomic agents.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425ED6B582C92F8F4" blockId="5.[106,746,1330,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Metacarpals are represented within the fossil record under study only by a fragment of Mc I dext. distal part and Mc III dext. proximal region (Text-fig. 3e) both from adult animals (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE3FFA4250C6BB62E9EF92A" box="[113,179,1720,1743]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="5.[106,163,154,175]" captionText="Table 3. Measurements of forelimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. Measurements in mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
) as well as by a fragment of undetermined metacarpal bone. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE3FFA425DA6BD72F6BF915" author="Abelova, M." box="[167,326,1753,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová (2005)</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned a find of Mc IV sin. distal epiphysis from Middle Pleistocene deposits from this site.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425ED6A142C84F896" blockId="5.[106,746,1330,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
The hindlimb skeleton is represented within the studied sample of fossil remains by a left patella, right and left fibula, as well as by tarsal and metatarsal bones (
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE3FFA4275A6A522CB1F896" box="[551,668,1884,1907]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[129,212,1056,1077]" captionTargetBox="[129,768,152,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-753@6.[131,764,152,1021]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. a – left patella (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; b – fragment of left fibula (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; c – right calcaneus (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; d – right astragalus (Chodba naděje, layer 4, ≤ MIS 9), distal end view; e – left Mt IV (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), medial view; f – proximal phalanx of the first digit (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; g – proximal phalanx with gnaw marks (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), plantar view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Text-fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA425ED6A722CC7F7D6" blockId="5.[106,746,1330,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
The damaged left patella with maximum longitudinal diameter 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE3FFA425B26A922F03F856" box="[207,302,1948,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="32.5">32.5 mm</quantity>
belonged to an adult, similarly the distal part of a left fibula with preserved distal epiphysis with maximum transversal diameter 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE3FFA424C86AD22C3CF816" box="[437,529,2012,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="35.6">35.6 mm</quantity>
and with diaphyseal part, showing a columnar fracture. The unmeasurable fragment of the left fibula consists only of its distal epiphysis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA42627683C2DF9F895" blockId="5.[820,1459,1330,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
From tarsal bones, only a right calcaneus and right astragalus have been studied. The damaged right calcaneus from Narozeninová chodba belonged to a smaller adult (female?) (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE3FFA426D8689D2DC4FA4F" box="[933,1001,1427,1450]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="7.[106,163,154,175]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements of hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to Ábelová 2005). Measurements in mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
). From a morphological viewpoint, it shows a greater similarity with the calcaneus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE3FFA421A268BA2B66FA2E" box="[1247,1355,1459,1483]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA421A268BA2AC2FA2E" box="[1247,1263,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA4218668BD2B66FA2E" box="[1275,1355,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">spelaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than with that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE3FFA426FF68DA2DEFFA0E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[898,962,1491,1515]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leo">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA426FF68DA2DBFFA0E" box="[898,914,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA426DC68DD2DEFFA0E" box="[929,962,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">leo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its anterior and central astragal facets (
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA4200868DD2AF7F9EE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">facies articularis talaris anterior et media</emphasis>
) are separated, or are connected only by a narrow crest-shaped element respectively. These astragal facets are frequently separated in calcaneal bones of cave lion, whereas those of modern lion are connected by a distinct longitudinal facet. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE3FFA420726B782B9EF968" author="Abelova, M." box="[1295,1459,1654,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová (2005)</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned a record of another two right and two left calcaneal bones of adult specimens from layer 3 of the Chodba naděje. She identified these bones with calcaneal bones of 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE3FFA426E16BF62A3DF8EA" box="[924,1040,1783,1807]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA426E16BF62D81F8EA" box="[924,940,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE3FFA426C06BF92A3DF8EA" box="[957,1040,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">spelaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a morphological viewpoint, but attributed them to more robust specimens rather than lion-like felids from the Last Glacial on the basis of their measurements.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE3FFA426276A742DC9F7D6" blockId="5.[820,1459,1330,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
The right astragalus of an adult specimen from the Chodba naděje (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE3FFA4269B6A942A00F854" box="[998,1069,1946,1969]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="7.[106,163,154,175]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements of hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to Ábelová 2005). Measurements in mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
) shows marks of taphonomic agent activity (gnawing?) on the bone head. A further two left astragali were found in the Kostnice II (Profile ZH P-5, layer 2b) and the Vykopaná chodba (Profile ZH P-3, layers 4) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE3FFA4264665122DF5F7D6" author="Abelova, M." box="[827,984,2076,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E6617FFE0FFA725FC692E2F28FA6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13183472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183472/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" startId="6.[129,212,1056,1077]" targetBox="[129,768,152,1022]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE0FFA725FC692E2F6AFB8A" blockId="6.[129,768,1056,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE0FFA725FC692E2F6AFB8A" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Text-fig. 4. Hindlimb bones of 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE0FFA724B5692E2E94FBB7" authority="(REICHENAU, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="REICHENAU" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossilis">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE0FFA724B5692E2C59FBD3" bold="true" box="[456,628,1056,1078]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Panthera fossilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE0FFA727FE692E2CD4FBD1" author="Reichenau, W. von" box="[643,761,1056,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="189 - 313" refId="ref11734" refString="Reichenau, W. von (1906): Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis der Carnivoren aus den Sanden von Mauer und Mosbach [Contribution to knowledge of carnivores from sands of Mauer and Mosbach]. - Abh. Grossherzogl. Hess. Geol. Landesanst., 4: 189 - 313. (in German)" type="journal article" year="1906">
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</bibRefCitation>
, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE0FFA725FC69782F28FA6A" blockId="6.[129,768,1056,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE0FFA725FC69782C8BFA88" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">a – left patella (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; b – fragment of left fibula (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; c – right calcaneus (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; d – right astragalus (Chodba naděje, layer 4, ≤ MIS 9), distal end view; e – left Mt IV (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), medial view; f – proximal phalanx of the first digit (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; g – proximal phalanx with gnaw marks (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt;</emphasis>
MIS 9), plantar view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE0FFA725DB68D22FF4F856" blockId="6.[129,768,1500,2099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Only a fragment of the adult left Mt III proximal part with irregular transversal fracture is preserved within the studied sample (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE0FFA725A06B122F0BF9D6" box="[221,294,1564,1587]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="7.[106,163,154,175]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements of hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to Ábelová 2005). Measurements in mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
). On the contrary, Mt IV is represented by 
<specimenCount id="9D37FD16FFE0FFA725FC6B322F00F9B6" box="[129,301,1596,1619]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
(one right and two left) and probably also by a fragment (
<tableCitation id="C6B30324FFE0FFA7245C6B522F4AF996" box="[289,359,1628,1651]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="7.[106,163,154,175]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements of hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene (partly according to Ábelová 2005). Measurements in mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
). The adult Mt IV dext. is damaged on the surface. Its distal part is broken off (V-shaped fracture, see below). Mt IV sin. from layer 3 of the Chodba naděje, covered by a sinter layer, belonged probably to a relatively large individual (the total bone length is approximatly 
<quantity id="4CC99B7AFFE0FFA725FC6BF22EF0F8F6" box="[129,221,1788,1811]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="151.0">151 mm</quantity>
). Also Mt IV sin. from the brown loam complex of the Kostnice II is identically robust. This metatarsal bone is similar to Mt IV of 
<taxonomicName id="4C314D1CFFE0FFA7240D6A322FCBF8B6" box="[368,486,1851,1875]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE0FFA7240D6A322FADF8B6" box="[368,384,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B945EA8DFFE0FFA724EE6A352FCBF8B6" box="[403,486,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">spelaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the morphological viewpoint, but its measurements exceed those of cave lion (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B6EFFE0FFA725F56A722F0BF876" author="Abelova, M." box="[136,294,1916,1939]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref9804" refString="Abelova, M. (2005): Doprovodna fauna velkych cicavcov medvedej jaskyne &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot;, Javoricsky kras [Accompanying Fauna of Large Mammals in &quot; Za Hajovnou &quot; Caev (Javoricko Karst, Moravia)]. - Prirodovedne studie Muzea Prostejovska, 8: 171 - 184. (in Slovak)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ábelová 2005</bibRefCitation>
). A Mt IV sin. (?) fragment consists of only the diaphysis and the distal part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE0FFA725DB6AB22BB7FF0A" blockId="6.[129,768,1500,2099]" lastBlockId="6.[843,1482,152,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Phalanges represent the most frequent element of lion-like fossils within the sample under study. There are 7 proximal (one of these belongs to a first left digit, 
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE0FFA727DE6AF22EB7F7D6" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[129,212,1056,1077]" captionTargetBox="[129,768,152,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-753@6.[131,764,152,1021]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. a – left patella (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; b – fragment of left fibula (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; c – right calcaneus (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; d – right astragalus (Chodba naděje, layer 4, ≤ MIS 9), distal end view; e – left Mt IV (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), medial view; f – proximal phalanx of the first digit (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; g – proximal phalanx with gnaw marks (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), plantar view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183472/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Text-fig. 4f</figureCitation>
), 7 medial (with basal exostosis in one case), and 2 distal phalanges, which are preserved only fragmentarily. All phalanges belonged to adults. Gnawing marks of a rodent are distinguishable on one proximal phalanx (
<figureCitation id="130A2A1AFFE0FFA720766DD62BA3FF0A" box="[1291,1422,216,239]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[129,212,1056,1077]" captionTargetBox="[129,768,152,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-753@6.[131,764,152,1021]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. a – left patella (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; b – fragment of left fibula (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), anterior view; c – right calcaneus (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; d – right astragalus (Chodba naděje, layer 4, ≤ MIS 9), distal end view; e – left Mt IV (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), medial view; f – proximal phalanx of the first digit (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), dorsal view; g – proximal phalanx with gnaw marks (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,&gt; MIS 9), plantar view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13183472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13183472/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Text-fig. 
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E369FFFE0FFA7260C6DF62B6FFE8A" blockId="6.[843,1482,152,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">From other lion-like bones, a nearly undamaged adult sesamoid bone, a calcaneus fragment as well as a fragment of the metapodial distal epiphysis, probably belonging to the above described Mt IV dext., were determined.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>