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<document id="13E21A8B11854A8EEEA23B133F685F61" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4817.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3954698" ID-ZooBank="7CBDB6A9-9AF9-495F-A55A-83BF36A4934D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1595340362484" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Isler, Morton L., Chesser, Terry, Robbins, Mark B., Cuervo, Andrés M., Cadena, Carlos Daniel &amp; Hosner, Peter A." docDate="2020" docId="465F87DEFFB47458FF07FF36FC19FF07" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4817.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4817 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Grallaria rufula Isler, Chesser, Robbins, Cuervo, Cadena &amp; Hosner, 2020, sensu stricto" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="BA66FFA6FFBE7453FF90FFAFFFB2FFFC" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698783870222" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CB2C845C7950EF935A9643FF4188BC96">Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B2D5D53EFFCF42A05AA07F0C43AD36A3">Isler, Morton L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAB18945788BE8B37ED7A70664F42D2F">Robbins, Mark B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8D049E6A02A8EE7C30183941BACAA48">Cuervo, Andrés M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAA8E12758E4056E7A18EDE1193E44DE">Cadena, Carlos Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93090F732CB03AD7444790B4513F5412">Hosner, Peter A.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFB47459FF07FF36FEF9FF2B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFB47459FF07FF36FD64FF48" blockId="10.[151,726,153,215]" box="[151,726,153,180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="950181A4FFB47459FF07FF36FD64FF48" bold="true" box="[151,726,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF07FF36FD64FF48" bold="true" box="[151,726,153,180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF07FF36FE48FF4F" bold="true" box="[151,506,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FF07FF36FEEEFF48" ID-CoL="3H5P6" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[151,348,153,180]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufula">Grallaria rufula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7B157A1FFB47459FEF3FF35FE48FF4F" box="[355,506,153,180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA674B39FFB47459FD91FF35FD64FF48" author="Lafresnaye, M. F. de" box="[513,726,154,180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="99" refId="ref23062" refString="Lafresnaye, M. F. de (1843) Quelques nouvelles especes d'oiseaux. Revue Zoologique, 6, 99." type="journal article" year="1843">Lafresnaye, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFB47459FF07FF12FEF9FF2B" blockId="10.[151,726,153,215]" box="[151,331,189,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Muisca Antpitta</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFB47459FF07FEAAFC2CFEE3" blockId="10.[151,1437,261,972]" box="[151,926,261,288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Includes populations designated
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FD95FEAAFDFBFEE3" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[517,585,261,287]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">rufula</taxonomicName>
1
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and
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FD05FEAAFD6BFEE3" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[661,729,261,287]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">rufula</taxonomicName>
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in the analysis.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFB47459FF57FE86FD5AFE0B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFB47459FF57FE86FD5AFE0B" blockId="10.[151,1437,261,972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF57FE86FEF0FEBF" bold="true" box="[199,322,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Overall plumage typically reddish-brown, underparts somewhat paler, but overall intensity variable.
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF07FEE2FE58FE9B" box="[151,490,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FF07FEE2FEE2FE9B" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[151,336,333,359]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufula">Grallaria rufula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7B157A1FFB47459FECAFEE1FE58FE9B" box="[346,490,334,359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is best distinguished by vocalizations (
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) from all other taxa in the
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FAA3FEE1FA2EFE9B" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1331,1436,333,360]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FAA3FEE1FA2EFE9B" box="[1331,1436,333,360]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. rufula</emphasis>
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complex except its morphologically distinct sister species,
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FCBCFEDDFC63FE70" authorityName="Sclater &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1879" box="[812,977,370,396]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufocinerea">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FCBCFEDDFC63FE70" box="[812,977,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. rufocinerea</emphasis>
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; its structurally unique long song, which is a nearly evenly paced series of similar notes, rather flat in frequency.
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FC5CFE3AFB31FE53" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[972,1155,405,431]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufula">Grallaria rufula</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
is also distinguished from all other taxa, including
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FDF9FE15FCBCFE28" authorityName="Sclater &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1879" box="[617,782,442,468]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufocinerea">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FDF9FE15FCBCFE28" box="[617,782,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. rufocinerea</emphasis>
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, by its two-noted short song, the second note broken into abrupt vertical elements with a distinct burry quality.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF57FDAEFED3FDE7" bold="true" box="[199,353,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
Eastern Andes from the Tamá massif in
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFB47459FCBBFDAEFC31FDE7" box="[811,899,513,539]" country="Venezuela" name="Tachira" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Táchira</collectingRegion>
,
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, and
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,
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, south to
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and western
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,
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, except for the west slope in the Iguaque Massif in
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and extreme southwestern
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFB47459FE03FDE6FDB7FD9F" box="[403,517,585,611]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Santander</collectingRegion>
,
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,
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFB47459FF57FDC1FE0CFC78" blockId="10.[151,1437,261,972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF57FDC1FE85FD74" bold="true" box="[199,311,622,648]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plumage.</emphasis>
Overall plumage of upperparts, including rectrices, remiges (primaries edged paler), crown and auriculars, typically reddish-brown (5YR 4/4) but variable and often brighter yellowish-red (5YR 4/6) in the south and browner (5YR 4/3) in the north; coloration shades to color of underparts in malar area. Overall plumage of underparts yellowish red-brown (5YR7.5YR 5/8), becoming slightly paler in center of belly and undertail coverts in the south; flank coloration like breast. Individuals of the northern population (
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FBA1FD52FB24FCE4" box="[1073,1174,765,792]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FBA1FD52FBC7FCEB" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1073,1141,765,791]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">rufula</taxonomicName>
1)
</emphasis>
have the malar a paler buff, typically with a pale pink tone at the base of the mandible. Birds of the southern population (
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FB6EFC8EFAEBFCC0" box="[1278,1369,801,828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FB6EFC8EFAF0FCC7" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1278,1346,801,827]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">rufula</taxonomicName>
3
</emphasis>
) vary in intensity of their rufescent tones, particularly in
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFB47459FD46FCEAFCCEFCA3" box="[726,892,837,863]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B6E17658FFB47459FC18FCEAFC44FCA3" box="[904,1014,837,863]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(specimen photographs App. 6,
<figureCitation id="56CD2A4DFFB47459FAF5FCEAFF78FC78" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="22.[151,250,551,575]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,185,520]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[164,1422,181,525]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 15. Songs of Grallaria o. occabambae: (A) long song, Carrizales, Cusco, Peru (Lane ML236893); (B) short song, San Luis, Cusco (Krabbe XC47645)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3954729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3954729/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. A15</figureCitation>
, A
<figureCitation id="56CD2A4DFFB47459FF7AFCC6FEB4FC7F" box="[234,262,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,635,969]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[164,1424,633,971]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Songs of Grallaria occabambae marcapatensis: (A) long song, Abra Acjanaco, Cusco, Peru (Lane ML236892); (B) short song, upper Manu Road, Cusco (Lane ML236891)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3954731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3954731/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">16</figureCitation>
, A33, and A34).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFB47459FF57FC21FB0AFC37" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFB47459FF57FC21FB0AFC37" blockId="10.[151,1437,261,972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF57FC21FEFCFC54" bold="true" box="[199,334,910,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
The English name honors the Muisca civilization that occupied the altiplano and slopes of the Eastern Andes. Muisca culture survives in the contemporary Colombian society of this region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9A896640FFB47459FF07F918FC4BF908" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3954707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3954707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3954707/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1719,1743]" targetBox="[158,1430,997,1687]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFB47459FF07F918FC4BF908" blockId="10.[151,1437,1719,1780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF07F918FEBDF92C" bold="true" box="[151,271,1719,1744]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Songs of
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FE11F918FD00F933" box="[385,690,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FE11F918FD9AF933" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[385,552,1719,1743]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufula">Grallaria rufula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7B157A1FFB47459FDA1F917FD00F933" box="[561,690,1720,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (A) long song, Quebrada La Vieja, Cundinamarca, Colombia (Athanas XC32225); (B) short song, Quebrada La Vieja (Cadena IAvH-CSA6294/
<accessionNumber id="D1A5AB2BFFB47459FCEBF974FC5DF908" box="[891,1007,1755,1780]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/ML256116" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="EnaNcbi">ML256116</accessionNumber>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFB47458FF57F88DFC19FF07" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFB47458FF57F88DFC19FF07" blockId="10.[151,1437,1826,2033]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,153,252]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FF57F88DFE89F8C0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1826,1852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
The substantial genetic distance (~56%) between samples of populations
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FB03F88DFB5FF8C0" box="[1171,1261,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FB03F88DFB65F8C0" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1171,1239,1826,1852]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">rufula</taxonomicName>
1
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FAB6F88DFA33F8C0" box="[1318,1409,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FAB6F88DFAD8F8C0" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1318,1386,1826,1852]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">rufula</taxonomicName>
3
</emphasis>
is remarkable given the lack of vocal distinctions between these populations, but seems to agree with subtle phenotypic differences that remain to be assessed in detail. A better understanding of populations in the Eastern Andes will require additional specimens and vouchered vocal recordings from the region between
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFB47459FB05F820FADFF854" box="[1173,1389,1934,1961]" country="Colombia" name="Norte de Santander" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Norte de Santander</collectingRegion>
and southeastern
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFB47459FEB9F81DFE33F830" box="[297,385,1970,1996]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
. The type locality of
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB47459FDFAF81DFD62F830" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[618,720,1970,1996]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB47459FDFAF81DFD62F830" box="[618,720,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. rufula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was simply “
<collectingCountry id="B6E17658FFB47459FCF5F81DFC6BF830" box="[869,985,1970,1996]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="AA674B39FFB47459FC60F81DFB04F830" author="Lafresnaye, M. F. de" box="[1008,1206,1970,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="99" refId="ref23062" refString="Lafresnaye, M. F. de (1843) Quelques nouvelles especes d'oiseaux. Revue Zoologique, 6, 99." type="journal article" year="1843">Lafresnaye, 1843</bibRefCitation>
), but it seems highly probable, as suggested by other authors (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="AA674B39FFB47459FD0AF879FC11F80C" author="Cory, C. B. &amp; Hellmayr, C. E." box="[666,931,2006,2032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 369" refId="ref21765" refString="Cory, C. B. &amp; Hellmayr, C. E. (1924) Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Pteroptochidae-Conopophagidae-Formicariidae. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, No. 13, Part 3, 1 - 369." type="book chapter" year="1924">Cory &amp; Hellmayr 1924</bibRefCitation>
), that the type specimen (photograph App. 6, Fig. A33) was collected in the Eastern Andes in the vicinity of
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFB57458FCC4FF36FC1BFF4F" box="[852,937,153,179]" country="Colombia" name="Bogota" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bogotá</collectingRegion>
. As confirmation, we compared the
<typeStatus id="114D886AFFB57458FAAAFF36FA2EFF4F" box="[1338,1436,153,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at MCZ against a larger series, and it fell within the variance observed in
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB57458FC2CFF12FBA6FF2B" box="[956,1044,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB57458FC2CFF12FBB2FF2B" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[956,1024,189,215]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">rufula</taxonomicName>
3
</emphasis>
around
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFB57458FBFDFF12FB0CFF2B" box="[1133,1214,189,215]" country="Colombia" name="Bogota" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bogotá</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFB57458FB62FF12FA2BFF2B" box="[1266,1433,189,215]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
. Consequently, we have ascribed the name
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFB57458FDE2FF4EFD6AFF07" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[626,728,225,251]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFB57458FDE2FF4EFD6AFF07" box="[626,728,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. rufula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to this population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>