201 lines
27 KiB
XML
201 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D3D84958804841BD69ADA4B36C9F9C47">New for Russia bush crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Crimea and Caucasus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A1A2EDCDB8D6D6EF07E8632EBEAD82B9">Korsunovskaya, O. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7DDF99FBB483B834ED56AB03942CDFFC">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="039B650CFF8FFFBC25B1FDC8FCDD3047" box="[227,851,546,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8FFFBC25B1FDC8FCDD3047" blockId="1.[227,851,546,595]" box="[227,851,546,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="107681EBFF8FFFBC25B1FDC8FCDD3047" box="[227,851,546,568]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8FFFBC25B1FDC8FCDD3047" ID-CoL="XQ2V" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[227,851,546,568]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Conocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conocephalus" subGenus="Conocephalus">
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<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8FFFBC25B1FDC8FCDD3047" bold="true" box="[227,851,546,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8FFFBC25B1FDC8FEFE3047" bold="true" box="[227,368,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Conocephalus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8FFFBC242CFDC8FD853047" bold="true" box="[382,523,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Conocephalus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8FFFBC2748FDC8FD2C3047" bold="true" box="[538,674,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">conocephalus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1767)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="039B650CFF8FFFBC25B1FDD7FEF5302C" box="[227,379,573,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8FFFBC25B1FDD7FEF5302C" blockId="1.[227,851,546,595]" box="[227,379,573,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
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<figureCitation id="D3BA2A02FF8FFFBC25B1FDD7FEBD302C" box="[227,307,573,595]" captionStart="Figs 1–10" captionStartId="1.[265,306,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[261,1092,679,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-101@1.[261,1092,679,1425]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1–10. Tettigoniidae. 1–5 – Conocephalus conocephalus: 1 – anterior part of male body, dorsal view; 2 – male apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 3 – male subgenital plate, ventral view; 4 – right titillator, dorsal view; 5 – female, lateral view; 6–9 – Incertana incerta: 6 – right titillator, dorsal view; 7 – male, lateral view; 8 – male apex of abdomen, lateral view; 9 – female apex of abdomen and ovipositor, lateral view; 10 – Parapholidoptera georgiae, titillators of specimen from Grozny, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1, 8, 9, 10 = 1 mm; 2-4, 6 = 0.5 mm; 5, 7 = 5 mm. 18" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945772/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Figs 1-5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D3BA2A02FF8FFFBC246CFDD7FEF5302C" box="[318,379,573,595]" captionStart="Figs 11–15" captionStartId="2.[265,306,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox="[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-40@2.[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 11–15. Acoustic signals of Conocephalus conocephalus from Adler at 22 oC: 11, 13, 14 – oscillograms of diurnal song, 12 – nocturnal song, 15 – frequency spectrum of the song in linear scale. Lines below the oscillograms are fragments with a higher speed of the song shown in Figures 13 and 14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945774/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">11–15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="039B650CFF8FFFBC245BFD83FCA730E3" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8FFFBC245BFD83FBE93001" blockId="1.[227,1127,616,669]" box="[265,1127,616,638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED.
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<collectingCountry id="33967617FF8FFFBC2770FD82FDE83001" box="[546,614,616,638]" name="Russia" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Russia</collectingCountry>
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: Krasnodarsky krai, vicinity of Adler, vill. Sirius,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8FFFBC25B1FD6DFCA730E3" blockId="1.[227,1127,616,669]" box="[227,809,645,669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
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<geoCoordinate id="2EB55040FF8FFFBC25B1FD6DFEB430E3" box="[227,314,645,669]" degrees="43.39" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" precision="555" value="43.39">43.39º N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2EB55040FF8FFFBC2417FD6DFE1430E3" box="[325,410,645,669]" degrees="39.98" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" precision="555" value="39.98">39.98º E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="3F3F1047FF8FFFBC24F1FD6DFD9730E3" box="[419,537,647,668]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" value="2023-09-30">30 IX. 2023</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="5D87FD0EFF8FFFBC2771FD6DFDC730E3" box="[547,585,647,668]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="5D87FD0EFF8FFFBC2701FD6DFDF930E3" box="[595,631,647,668]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
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(Korsunovskaya).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="1FFE660FFF8FFFBC245BFA4BFD3C3405" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10945772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945772/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" startId="1.[265,306,1441,1463]" targetBox="[261,1092,679,1425]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8FFFBC245BFA4BFED13424" blockId="1.[227,1127,1441,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
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Figs 1–10.
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<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8FFFBC2428FA4BFE7337C8" authorityName="Krauss" authorityYear="1902" box="[378,509,1441,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
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. 1–5 –
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<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8FFFBC2718FA4BFCEE37C9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[586,864,1441,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Conocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conocephalus">
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<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8FFFBC2718FA4BFCEE37C9" box="[586,864,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Conocephalus conocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 1 – anterior part of male body, dorsal view; 2 – male apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 3 – male subgenital plate, ventral view; 4 – right titillator, dorsal view; 5 – female, lateral view; 6–9 –
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<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8FFFBC26DDFA32FBB73792" baseAuthorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[911,1081,1496,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Incertana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
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<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8FFFBC26DDFA32FBB73792" box="[911,1081,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Incertana incerta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 6 – right titillator, dorsal view; 7 – male, lateral view; 8 – male apex of abdomen, lateral view; 9 – female apex of abdomen and ovipositor, lateral view; 10 –
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<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8FFFBC2675F9E4FBA1345B" authorityName="Massa, Buzzetti et Fontana" authorityYear="2009" box="[807,1071,1550,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Parapholidoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiae">
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<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8FFFBC2675F9E4FBA1345B" box="[807,1071,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Parapholidoptera georgiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, titillators of specimen from Grozny, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1, 8, 9, 10 = 1 mm; 2-4, 6 = 0.5 mm; 5, 7 = 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8FFFBC27C5F988FD3C3405" blockId="1.[227,1127,1441,1658]" box="[663,690,1634,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
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<pageNumber id="7B2A3D51FF8FFFBC27C5F988FD3C3405" ambiguity="1" box="[663,690,1634,1658]" fuzzyness="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" score="7.0" value="18">
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<pageTitle id="0B1EEEE0FF8FFFBC27C5F988FD3C3405" box="[663,690,1634,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">18</pageTitle>
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</pageNumber>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="039B650CFF8CFFBF245BFEEDFDEC332B" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8CFFBF245BFEEDFDEC332B" blockId="2.[227,1127,263,340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
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DISTRIBUTION.
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<collectingCountry id="33967617FF8CFFBF24EDFEEDFE713362" box="[447,511,263,285]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(new record). North Africa, Europe from Iberian Peninsula to southwestern Balkans,
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<collectingCountry id="33967617FF8CFFBF2490FEC9FD863347" box="[450,520,291,312]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Greece</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="33967617FF8CFFBF2769FEC9FD0E3346" box="[571,640,291,313]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2F104B76FF8CFFBF27DCFEC9FD733347" author="Harz, K." box="[654,765,290,312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" refId="ref2054" refString="Harz, K. 1969. Die Orthopteren Europas. I. W. Junk B. V. Publishers, The Hague. 749 pp. DOI: 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 2511 - 8" type="book" year="1969">Harz, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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; Massa, 2009;
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<bibRefCitation id="2F104B76FF8CFFBF26DFFEC9FB893347" author="Hemp, C." box="[909,1031,291,312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref2149" refString="Hemp, C. 2013. Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Zootaxa, 3613 (4): 301 - 342. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.4.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Hemp, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="2F104B76FF8CFFBF2143FEC9FEB5332C" author="Massa, B. & Fontana, P. & Buzzetti, F. M. & Kleukers, R. & Ode, B." pageId="2" pageNumber="19" refId="ref2331" refString="Massa, B., Fontana, P., Buzzetti, F. M., Kleukers, R. & Ode, B. 2012. Fauna d'Italia. Orthoptera, 48. 563 pp." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Massa
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||
<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8CFFBF2107FEC9FF73332C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Bazelet & Nasckrecki, 2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="1FFE660FFF8CFFBF245BFBFDFE7D3600" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945774" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10945774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945774/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" startId="2.[265,306,1047,1069]" targetBox="[242,1112,368,1031]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8CFFBF245BFBFDFE7D3600" blockId="2.[227,1127,1042,1152]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Figs 11–15. Acoustic signals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8CFFBF276DFBFDFCDC3653" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[575,850,1047,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Conocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8CFFBF276DFBFDFCDC3653" box="[575,850,1047,1068]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Conocephalus conocephalus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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from Adler at 22
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<superScript id="BCF49BCFFF8CFFBF26ADFBF8FB943653" attach="right" box="[1023,1050,1042,1068]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">oC</superScript>
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||
: 11, 13, 14 – oscillograms of diurnal song, 12 – nocturnal song, 15 – frequency spectrum of the song in linear scale. Lines below the oscillograms are fragments with a higher speed of the song shown in Figures 13 and 14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="039B650CFF8CFFBE245BFB4BFCAE3395" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8CFFBE245BFB4BFEC033C0" blockId="2.[227,1128,1185,1621]" lastBlockId="3.[227,1127,262,447]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
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||
REMARKS. The main morphological characters of studied specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A02FF8CFFBF2681FB4BFBA736C8" box="[979,1065,1185,1207]" captionStart="Figs 1–10" captionStartId="1.[265,306,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[261,1092,679,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-101@1.[261,1092,679,1425]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1–10. Tettigoniidae. 1–5 – Conocephalus conocephalus: 1 – anterior part of male body, dorsal view; 2 – male apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 3 – male subgenital plate, ventral view; 4 – right titillator, dorsal view; 5 – female, lateral view; 6–9 – Incertana incerta: 6 – right titillator, dorsal view; 7 – male, lateral view; 8 – male apex of abdomen, lateral view; 9 – female apex of abdomen and ovipositor, lateral view; 10 – Parapholidoptera georgiae, titillators of specimen from Grozny, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1, 8, 9, 10 = 1 mm; 2-4, 6 = 0.5 mm; 5, 7 = 5 mm. 18" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945772/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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||
) well agree with those of European (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B76FF8CFFBF2762FB57FD2936AC" author="Harz, K." box="[560,679,1213,1235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" refId="ref2054" refString="Harz, K. 1969. Die Orthopteren Europas. I. W. Junk B. V. Publishers, The Hague. 749 pp. DOI: 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 2511 - 8" type="book" year="1969">Harz, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B76FF8CFFBF27EAFB57FC1036AC" author="Willemse, L. P. M. & Kleukers, R. M. J. C. & Ode, B." box="[696,926,1213,1235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" refId="ref2566" refString="Willemse, L. P. M., Kleukers, R. M. J. C. & Ode, B. 2018. The grasshoppers of Greece. EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten & Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. 439 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Willemse
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8CFFBF2670FB54FCDA36AD" box="[802,852,1213,1235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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) and African ones (Naskrecki & Guta, 2019; Hemp, 2021). In Krasnodarsy krai these bush crickets were caught in an area of about
|
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overgrown with cereals. The population density was quite high: from one to three individuals could be found per
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. During the daytime, high acoustic activity of males was observed. The captured insects were just as active in the laboratory and cages, as in the wild environment. Males constantly produce songs, and at night their signals became long, similar to trills. These songs are not different from those previously recorded for European (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B76FF8CFFBF243DFA94FDEB37EB" author="Ragge, D. R. & Reynolds, W. J." box="[367,613,1406,1428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" refId="ref2417" refString="Ragge, D. R. & Reynolds, W. J. 1998 The songs of the grasshoppers and crickets of western Europe. Harley Books, Colchester, Essex, 591 pp." type="book" year="1998">Ragge & Reynolds, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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) and African specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B76FF8CFFBF260FFA94FC5437EB" author="Heller, K. - G." box="[861,986,1406,1428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" pagination="41 - 66" refId="ref2094" refString="Heller, K. - G. 2019. Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from Sao Tome & Principe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa. Zootaxa, 4563 (1): 41 - 66. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4563.1.2" type="journal article" year="2019">Heller, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A distinctive feature of the songs is the periodic change in the syllable amplitude (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A02FF8CFFBF26DEFA70FC5A37CF" box="[908,980,1434,1456]" captionStart="Figs 11–15" captionStartId="2.[265,306,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox="[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-40@2.[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 11–15. Acoustic signals of Conocephalus conocephalus from Adler at 22 oC: 11, 13, 14 – oscillograms of diurnal song, 12 – nocturnal song, 15 – frequency spectrum of the song in linear scale. Lines below the oscillograms are fragments with a higher speed of the song shown in Figures 13 and 14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945774/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is less frequent, however, at night (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A02FF8CFFBF2755FA5FFDDA37B4" box="[519,596,1461,1483]" captionStart="Figs 11–15" captionStartId="2.[265,306,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox="[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-40@2.[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 11–15. Acoustic signals of Conocephalus conocephalus from Adler at 22 oC: 11, 13, 14 – oscillograms of diurnal song, 12 – nocturnal song, 15 – frequency spectrum of the song in linear scale. Lines below the oscillograms are fragments with a higher speed of the song shown in Figures 13 and 14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945774/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). The structure of soft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A02FF8CFFBF261CFA5FFC1937B4" box="[846,919,1461,1483]" captionStart="Figs 11–15" captionStartId="2.[265,306,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox="[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-40@2.[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 11–15. Acoustic signals of Conocephalus conocephalus from Adler at 22 oC: 11, 13, 14 – oscillograms of diurnal song, 12 – nocturnal song, 15 – frequency spectrum of the song in linear scale. Lines below the oscillograms are fragments with a higher speed of the song shown in Figures 13 and 14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945774/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) and loud (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A02FF8CFFBF2147FA5FFBD137B4" box="[1045,1119,1461,1483]" captionStart="Figs 11–15" captionStartId="2.[265,306,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox="[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-40@2.[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 11–15. Acoustic signals of Conocephalus conocephalus from Adler at 22 oC: 11, 13, 14 – oscillograms of diurnal song, 12 – nocturnal song, 15 – frequency spectrum of the song in linear scale. Lines below the oscillograms are fragments with a higher speed of the song shown in Figures 13 and 14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945774/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) syllables is similar. At 22
|
||
<superScript id="BCF49BCFFF8CFFBF248AFA26FE7C3799" attach="right" box="[472,498,1484,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">oC</superScript>
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||
, the mean duration of soft closing hemisyllables in short series is 87 ms (SD=8 ms); mean duration of loud closing hemisyllables – 81 ms (SD=6 ms). Syllable repetition rate in daytime songs is 7–8
|
||
<superScript id="BCF49BCFFF8CFFBF27C5F9E2FD20346E" attach="left" box="[663,686,1539,1565]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">s-1</superScript>
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, in nocturnal signals up to 10
|
||
<superScript id="BCF49BCFFF8CFFBF2141F9E2FBA4346E" attach="left" box="[1043,1066,1539,1565]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">s-1</superScript>
|
||
. The frequency spectra of diurnal and nocturnal songs are also similar. They occupy the 15–100 kHz band. Several maxima can be distinguished in the spectra. The dominant one is located in the range of either 40–50 or 50–60 kHz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A02FF8DFFBE27C8FEECFD6D3363" box="[666,739,262,284]" captionStart="Figs 11–15" captionStartId="2.[265,306,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox="[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-40@2.[242,1112,368,1031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 11–15. Acoustic signals of Conocephalus conocephalus from Adler at 22 oC: 11, 13, 14 – oscillograms of diurnal song, 12 – nocturnal song, 15 – frequency spectrum of the song in linear scale. Lines below the oscillograms are fragments with a higher speed of the song shown in Figures 13 and 14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10945774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10945774/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Comparison of acoustic signals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8DFFBE2103FEEDFEE93349" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Conocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8DFFBE2103FEEDFEE93349" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">C. conocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from populations separated by thousands of km indicates the extreme stability of their temporal pattern and frequency characteristics (see, e. g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B76FF8DFFBE2630FED6FC6E332C" author="Heller, K. - G." box="[866,992,316,339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" pagination="41 - 66" refId="ref2094" refString="Heller, K. - G. 2019. Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from Sao Tome & Principe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa. Zootaxa, 4563 (1): 41 - 66. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4563.1.2" type="journal article" year="2019">Heller, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This phenomenon can obviously be explained by similar living conditions (in dense grass, with a high population density). Thus, the signals with similar parameters were formed, ensuring both optimal sound propagation in the biotope and successful recognition of sounds by conspecific specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8DFFBE277BFE3EFCAE3395" blockId="3.[553,800,468,490]" box="[553,800,468,490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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||
<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8DFFBE277BFE3EFCAE3395" bold="true" box="[553,800,468,490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8DFFBE27CAFE3EFCAE3395" authorityName="Krauss" authorityYear="1902" box="[664,800,468,490]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tettigoniinae">Tettigoniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="039B650CFF8DFFBE2717FE13FC8A3070" box="[581,772,505,527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4B3E3687FF8DFFBE2717FE13FC8A3070" blockId="3.[581,772,505,527]" box="[581,772,505,527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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||
<emphasis id="79F5EA95FF8DFFBE2717FE13FC8A3070" bold="true" box="[581,772,505,527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D04FF8DFFBE27D6FE13FC8A3070" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[644,772,505,527]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platycleidini">Platycleidini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |