206 lines
17 KiB
XML
206 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFD56A6AFF4C9B56145DB29C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nyctophilus microtis Thomas 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="804" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="804" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581240" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581240" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFD56A6AFF4C9B56145DB29C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFD56A6AFF4C9B56145DB29C" lastPageNumber="804" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<subSubSection box="[176,233,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[174,1325,3343,3471]" box="[176,233,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<heading box="[176,233,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<figureCitation box="[176,233,3343,3389]" captionStart="Plate 58: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="43.[119,149,3359,3384]" captionTargetBox="[11,2759,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="78. New Guinea Big-eared Bat (Pharotis imogene), 79. Western Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus major), 80. Corben’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus corbeni), 81. Pallid Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus daedalus), 82. Gould’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus gouldi), 83. Tasmanian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus sherrini), 84. New Caledonian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus nebulosus), 85. Papuan Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus macrotis), 86. Pygmy Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus walkeri), 87. Eastern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus bifax), 88. Northern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus arnhemensis), 89. Mount Missim Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus shirleyae), 90. Small-toothed Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus microdon), 91. Lesser Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi), 92. Sunda Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus heran), 93. Lord Howe Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398510/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">85.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[250,745,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[174,1325,3343,3471]" box="[250,745,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<heading box="[250,745,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<vernacularName box="[250,745,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Papuan Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[813,1170,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[174,1325,3343,3471]" box="[813,1170,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<heading box="[813,1170,3343,3389]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[813,1170,3343,3389]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
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<emphasis box="[813,1170,3343,3389]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Nyctophilus microtis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[174,1325,3343,3471]" box="[176,1324,3407,3428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<heading box="[176,1324,3407,3428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,251,3407,3428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[261,538,3407,3428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Nyctophile & petites oreilles</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[558,649,3407,3428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[659,919,3407,3428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Papua-Langohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[940,1031,3407,3428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1041,1120,3407,3428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Nictofila</vernacularName>
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de orejas pequenas
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="46.[174,1325,3343,3471]" box="[175,971,3447,3468]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<heading box="[175,971,3447,3468]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,422,3447,3468]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[432,716,3447,3468]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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New
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<collectingCountry box="[485,553,3447,3468]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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Long-eared Bat
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</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[729,971,3447,3468]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Small-eared Nyctophilus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[2057,2654,275,702]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2057,2210,275,308]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">Nyctophilus microtis Thomas, 1888</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[2057,2654,275,702]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319566" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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“Sogere, South-east New
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<collectingCountry box="[2549,2649,322,347]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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[=
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<collectingCountry box="[2097,2369,358,387]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[2057,2654,275,702]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2059,2313,397,426]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">Nyctophilus microtis</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2451,2546,397,426]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">microtis</taxonomicName>
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group, which tentatively also includes N.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" box="[2553,2643,432,465]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walker">walker</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2059,2321,472,505]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">Nyctophilus macrotis</taxonomicName>
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probably is a species complex because there is excessive morphological variation among regionally sympatric forms. Up to three subspecies have been recognized (including
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<taxonomicName box="[2572,2654,630,663]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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and lophorhina). Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397948/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" targetBox="[1443,2034,287,701]" targetPageId="46">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1622,709,742]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Mostly in E New
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<collectingCountry box="[1864,1966,709,742]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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with one record in West Papua Province and one record each from Salawati and New Ireland Is; possibly on New Britain and SudestIs; there was a recent acoustic record from Manus I that probably is a member of this species complex, but this needs confirmation with a specimen, and the species is most likely widespread in W New
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<collectingCountry box="[1842,1946,867,900]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1694,906,939]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 42-5-63 mm,tail 36-49 mm, ear 14-19-4 mm, hindfoot 7-10 mm, forearm 37-41-6 mm; weight 6-10-5 g. The Papuan Long-eared Bat has relatively large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Dorsal pelage is medium brown (hairs bicolored blackish brown basally and medium brown distally); venter is pale brown. Wing membranes are blackish brown. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils thatis well developed with deep but thin medial notch. Ears are large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, but are much smaller, narrower, and more tapered at tip compared with other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1681,1828,1261,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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, have horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); interauricular membrane typical of genus is either missing or barely present and covered by fur; tragus is almost rectangular, being straight or very slightly convex on anterior margin. Glans penis consists of a pair of relatively small, narrow urethral lappets and subspherical distal nob, which is broad. Baculum has distinct distal notch, curves downward at base, is bifurcated basally, and is straight for rest of shaft. Skull is robust, tympanic bullae are small, and M?® and lower molars are not reduced.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1559,1577,1610]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Various forest types including lowland rainforests, hill forests, lower and upper montane forests, and secondary forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[2544,2651,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
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(on mainland New
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<collectingCountry box="[1723,1831,1656,1689]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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). The Papuan Long-eared Bat is rarely recorded in heavily disturbed habitats or agricultural areas and is probably sensitive to habitat alteration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1714,1735,1768]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Papuan Long-eared Bats are insectivorous, likely foraging on the ground and aerially.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1583,1814,1847]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Lactating Papuan Long-eared Bats have been captured in July in
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<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="West Sepik" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Sandaun Province</collectingRegion>
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, and a post-lactating female was captured in August near
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<collectingRegion box="[2382,2498,1853,1886]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Madang</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1678,1892,1925]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Papuan Long-eared Bats are nocturnal and roost during the day predominantly in dried bamboo and otherfoliage; they have occasionally been found roosting on interior walls of caves. They probably enter torpor in extreme temperatures to save energy. Call shape is steep FM sweep, with characteristic frequency of ¢.40 kHz on New
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<collectingCountry box="[1518,1619,2050,2083]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and ¢.55 kHz on Manus Island (if that recording represented this species).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,2173,2089,2122]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Papuan Long-eared Bats usually roost in small groups.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1801,2168,2201]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Papuan Long-eared Batis widespread across New
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<collectingCountry box="[2102,2204,2208,2241]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and is the most commonly captured long-eared bat in New
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<collectingCountry box="[1852,1956,2247,2280]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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. Nevertheless, compared with other bats,it is captured relatively infrequently and might be less abundant than its relatives in
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<collectingCountry box="[2520,2647,2287,2320]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Australia</collectingCountry>
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. Its only major threat could be large-scale forest clearing and conversion to monocultures becauseit is not found in most disturbed habitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1446,2654,709,2478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1599,2414,2439]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Aplin & Armstrong (2017a), Armstrong & Aplin (2014), Armstrong, Novera & Aplin (2015), Bonaccor so (1998), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Helgen, Opiang &Thomas (2009), Parnaby (2002a, 2009), Robson et al. (2012).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |