224 lines
19 KiB
XML
224 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFC56A7BFA5692961A9CB9B0" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Neoromicia zuluensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="821" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="820" updateTime="1658412944878" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403504" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFC56A7BFA5692961A9CB9B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFC56A7BFA5692961A9CB9B0" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="821" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<subSubSection box="[1450,1529,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1445,2513,1231,1350]" box="[1450,1529,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<heading box="[1450,1529,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<figureCitation box="[1450,1529,1231,1269]" captionStart="Plate 60: Vespe" captionStartId="61.[119,149,3300,3325]" captionTargetBox="[12,2753,18,3658]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="118. Cape Serotine (Neoromicia capensis), 119. Malagasy Serotine (Neoromicia matroka), 120. Isalo Serotine (Neoromicia malagasyensis), 121. Roberts’s Serotine (Neoromicia robertsi), 122. Stanley’s Serotine (Neoromicia stanleyi), 123. Zulu Serotine (Neoromicia zuluensis), 124. Tiny Serotine (Neoromicia guineensis), 125. Somali Serotine (Neoromicia somalica), 126. Banana Serotine (Neoromicia nanus), 127. Rendall’s Serotine (Neoromicia rendalli), 128. Dark-brown Serotine (Neoromicia brunnea), 129. Rosevear’s Serotine (Neoromicia roseveari), 130. Isabelline Serotine (Neoromicia isabella), 131. Grandidier’s Serotine (Neoromicia grandidieri), 132. White-winged Serotine (Neoromicia tenuipinnis), 133. Heller’s Serotine (Neoromicia helios), 134. De Winton’s LLong-eared Bat (Laephotis wintoni), 135. Angolan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis angolensis), 136. Botswanan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis botswanae), 137. Namib Long-eared Bat (Laephotis namibensis), 138. Sind Bat (Rhyneptesicus nasutus), 139. Collared Sprite (Thainycteris aureocollaris), 140. Necklace Sprite (Thainycleris torquatus), 141. Bronze Sprite (Arielulus circumdatus), 142. Social Sprite (Arelulus societatis), 143. Coppery Sprite (Arielulus cuprosus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398519/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">123.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1547,1832,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1445,2513,1231,1350]" box="[1547,1832,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<heading box="[1547,1832,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<vernacularName box="[1547,1832,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Zulu Serotine</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1903,2278,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1445,2513,1231,1350]" box="[1903,2278,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<heading box="[1903,2278,1231,1269]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Roberts" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1903,2278,1231,1269]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zuluensis">
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<emphasis box="[1903,2278,1231,1269]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Neoromicia zuluensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1445,2513,1231,1350]" box="[1447,2369,1287,1308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<heading box="[1447,2369,1287,1308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1522,1287,1308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1529,1693,1287,1308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Vespére zouloue</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1714,1805,1287,1308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1814,2039,1287,1308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Zulu-Zwergfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2060,2151,1287,1308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2161,2369,1287,1308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Neoromicia zuluense</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1445,2513,1231,1350]" box="[1446,2512,1326,1347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<heading box="[1446,2512,1326,1347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1693,1326,1347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1701,1787,1326,1347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Aloe Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1799,1935,1326,1347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Aloe Serotine</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1948,2125,1326,1347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Aloe Serotine Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[2138,2326,1326,1347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Zulu Pipistrelle Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[2339,2512,1326,1347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Zulu Serotine Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[2058,2651,1392,1819]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2058,2213,1392,1425]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Roberts, 1924" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zuluensis">Eptesicus zuluensis Roberts, 1924</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[2058,2651,1392,1819]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319574" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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White Umfolosi Game Reserve,
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<collectingRegion box="[2059,2267,1475,1504]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2283,2460,1475,1504]" name="South Africa" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[2058,2651,1392,1819]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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Treated in Nycterikaupius by H. Menu in 1987. Often included in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[2427,2583,1553,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="somalica">N. somalica</taxonomicName>
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, but separated by I. LL. Rautenbach and colleagues in 1993, based on chromosomal differences. Populations of north-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[2060,2193,1715,1740]" name="Botswana" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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, northern
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<collectingCountry box="[2372,2493,1715,1740]" name="Namibia" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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, and perhaps
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<collectingCountry box="[2132,2233,1747,1780]" name="Angola" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Angola</collectingCountry>
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may represent a valid subspecies, vansoni. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398031/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" targetBox="[1444,2035,1406,1820]" targetPageId="62">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1447,2654,1826,3476]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1623,1826,1859]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Widespread but disjunct in E & S Africa:
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<collectingCountry box="[2199,2320,1826,1859]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2336,2516,1826,1859]" name="South Sudan" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2531,2643,1826,1859]" name="Uganda" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1510,1598,1870,1899]" name="Kenya" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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; C
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<collectingCountry box="[1642,1745,1870,1899]" name="Angola" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, extreme S
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<collectingCountry box="[1912,2061,1870,1899]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2140,2245,1870,1899]" name="Zambia" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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S to S
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<collectingCountry box="[2342,2520,1870,1899]" name="South Africa" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1447,2654,1826,3476]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1700,1909,1938]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body ¢.40-45 mm, tail 27-40 mm, ear 7-11 mm, hindfoot 5-8 mm, forearm 27-33 mm; weight 3-6 g. Pelage of the Zulu Serotineis soft, dense, and without sheen; dorsally medium brown, sometimes paler on rump, and sometimes slightly tinged orange (hairs blackish brown, sometimes with paler middle, and medium to pale brown tip; mid-dorsal hairs 6-7 mm long); ventrally paler and grayer (hairs very dark gray with pale grayish brown or gray tip). Wings are dark brown, slightly translucent, mostly without white hind border; interfemoral membrane dark brown, slightly translucent. Ears are brown,relatively short, and subtriangular with rounded tip; tragus is about one-half ear length; anterior margin smoothly concave, posterior margin smoothly convex, but with shallow rounded angle below mid-height, and with basal lobe prominent, folded, and triangular. Eyes are very small. Skull is small in comparison with other African pipistrelle-like bats (greatest skull lengths 11-3-12-9 mm); braincase is comparatively high and narrow, interorbital region quite narrow, rostrum fairly short and narrow; profile of forehead is weakly to moderately concave, and sometimes raised; braincase has no occipital helmet and is smoothly rounded posteriorly. I? is large, usually unicuspid, but sometimes bicuspid; I’ is one-half height of I?, and higher than cingulum of I? but lower than secondary cusp, if present; P* is almost always absent, butif present, minute and hardly visible above gum; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FNa = 50 (sometimes erroneously given as 48).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1447,2654,1826,3476]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1560,2694,2727]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Semi-desert grassland and shrubland,
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<taxonomicName box="[2101,2187,2694,2727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[2207,2336,2694,2727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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)—
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<taxonomicName box="[2377,2531,2694,2727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Commiphora</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Burseraceae</taxonomicName>
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) deciduous bushland, and thicket vegetation zones in
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<collectingCountry box="[2347,2434,2734,2767]" name="Kenya" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2456,2577,2734,2767]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1449,1637,2777,2806]" name="South Sudan" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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. Woodland savanna (including miombo woodland), and drier shrublands and bushlands in the south-west arid zone of south-central Africa and southern Africa. Elevational range is 500-2650 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1447,2654,1826,3476]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1713,2892,2925]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Zulu Serotine forages by slow hawking in moderateto highclutter spaces, including near tree canopies, glades in woodland, open spaces between tree trunks and lower branches, and clearings around buildings. Diet includes moths and beetles. A captive fed on winged termites, and drank water irregularly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1447,2654,1826,3476]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1584,3049,3082]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Breeding.</emphasis>
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At
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<geoCoordinate box="[1647,1719,3049,3082]" degrees="15" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" precision="55555" value="-15.0">15° S</geoCoordinate>
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in
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<collectingCountry box="[1775,1874,3049,3082]" name="Malawi" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, one adult female was pregnant with two embryos in October, one was lactating in November, and in February one was post-lactating while another was reproductively inactive. A juvenile was caught in December and two subadults were recorded in April. Two males with abdominal testes were recorded in November and December, and one with scrotal testes in June. These data suggest restricted seasonal monoestry with births in the beginning of the wet season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="821" pageId="62" pageNumber="820" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1447,2654,1826,3476]" lastBlockId="63.[129,1336,294,647]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="821" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1682,3286,3319]" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Flight speed is moderate and maneuverability high, with aspect ratio low and wing loading very low; the species can take off from the ground. In
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<collectingCountry box="[2547,2646,3325,3358]" name="Malawi" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, at 20-21°C, the Zulu Serotine becomes torpid during the day. In
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<collectingCountry box="[2405,2504,3365,3398]" name="Malawi" pageId="62" pageNumber="820">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, from two tethered bats, search-phase call shape in cluttered environment was steep FM/QCF with QCF “heels” short to long; intensity high, start frequency up to 79 kHz, end frequencies and peak frequencies 48-50 kHz, and maximum duration 5-5 milliseconds. Of several studies in
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<collectingCountry box="[439,620,333,366]" name="South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="821">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, one (Waterberg) gave maximum frequencies of 59-1-92-8kHz, minimum frequencies 45-7-50-5 kHz, frequencies of the knee 48-4— 55-8 kHz, characteristic frequencies 46-3-51-2 kHz, and durations 1-7-3 milliseconds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[129,1068,451,484]" pageId="63" pageNumber="821" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[129,1336,294,647]" box="[129,1068,451,484]" pageId="63" pageNumber="821">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,829,451,484]" pageId="63" pageNumber="821">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[130,1179,495,524]" pageId="63" pageNumber="821" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[129,1336,294,647]" box="[130,1179,495,524]" pageId="63" pageNumber="821">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,478,495,524]" pageId="63" pageNumber="821">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="821" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[129,1336,294,647]" pageId="63" pageNumber="821">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,283,538,563]" pageId="63" pageNumber="821">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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ACR (2017), Fenton & Bogdanowicz (2002), Happold et al. (2013), Hill & Harrison (1987), Menu (1987), Kearney etal. (2002), Koopman (1993, 1994), Linden et al. (2014), Menu (1987), Monadjem, Shapiro et al. (2017), Rautenbach et al. (1993), Taylor, Monadjem & Steyn (2013), Taylor, Sowler et al. (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |