222 lines
19 KiB
XML
222 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="8" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="7" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF9E6A21FF81941A1F8AB00E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rhogeessa innoxius Thomas 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="859" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="859" updateTime="1658778863566" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6568084" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6568084" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF9E6A21FF81941A1F8AB00E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF9E6A21FF81941A1F8AB00E" lastPageNumber="859" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<subSubSection box="[125,207,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[122,1109,579,708]" box="[125,207,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<heading box="[125,207,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<figureCitation box="[125,207,579,629]" captionStart="Plate 63: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="97.[132,162,3286,3311]" captionTargetBox="[11,2745,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="202. Canyon Bat (Parastrellus hesperus), 203. Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus), 204. Van Gelder’s Bat (Bauerus dubiaquercus), 205. Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus), 206. Black-winged Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa tumida), 207. Yucatan Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa aenea), 208. Bickham’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa bickhami), 209. Menchu’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa menchuae), 210. Ecuadorian Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa velilla), 211. Tiny Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa minutilla), 212. Genoways’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa genowaysi), 213. Thomas's Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa io), 214. Northern Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa parvula), 215. Least Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa mira), 216. Allen’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa alleni), 217. Slender Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa gracilis), 218. Husson’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa hussoni), 219. Western Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus), 220. Caspian Barbastelle (Barbastella caspica), 221. Arabian Barbastelle (Barbastella leucomelas), 222. Eastern Barbastelle (Barbastella darjelingensis), 223. Japanese Barbastelle (Barbastella pacifica), 224. Beijing Barbastelle (Barbastella beijingensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398525/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">213.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[223,648,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[122,1109,579,708]" box="[223,648,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<heading box="[223,648,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<vernacularName box="[223,648,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Thomas's Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[698,930,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[122,1109,579,708]" box="[698,930,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<heading box="[698,930,579,629]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[698,930,579,629]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
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<emphasis box="[698,930,579,629]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Rhogeessa io</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[122,1109,579,708]" box="[124,1108,647,668]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<heading box="[124,1108,647,668]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,200,647,668]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[209,435,647,668]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Rhogeessa de Thomas</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[456,546,647,668]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[552,798,647,668]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Thomas-Gelbfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,910,647,668]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[920,1108,647,668]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Rogesa de Thomas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="101.[122,1109,579,708]" box="[124,635,686,707]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<heading box="[124,635,686,707]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,370,686,707]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[380,635,686,707]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Southern Little Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[737,1325,757,786]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[736,1328,757,1180]" box="[737,1325,757,786]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[737,892,757,786]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1903" box="[917,1321,757,786]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">Rhogeessa io Thomas, 1903</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[738,1224,797,826]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[736,1328,757,1180]" box="[738,1224,797,826]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319498" box="[738,1224,797,826]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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“Valencia [
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<collectingRegion box="[889,1037,797,826]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
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],
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<collectingCountry box="[1060,1210,797,826]" name="Venezuela" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[736,1328,757,1180]" lastBlockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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Previously considered a race of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[1180,1320,832,865]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvula">R. parvula</taxonomicName>
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, based on external and skull morphology; later included in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[1056,1188,911,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">R. tumida</taxonomicName>
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based on bacular, external and skull morphology; subsequently returned to full species status based on karyological studies. Overits wide distribution, this species probably includes additional subspecies or even species yet to be described; one south Central American specimen showed considerable genetic distance from Venezuelan and Trinidadian populations, indicating that they may correspond to different species; a taxonomic review is needed. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398261/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" targetBox="[122,713,763,1177]" targetPageId="101">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,298,1309,1338]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C & SE
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<collectingCountry box="[426,569,1309,1338]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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S to N & W
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<collectingCountry box="[755,894,1309,1338]" name="Colombia" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, NW
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<collectingCountry box="[976,1094,1309,1338]" name="Ecuador" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1109,1256,1309,1338]" name="Venezuela" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, and patchily in
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<collectingCountry box="[277,385,1348,1377]" name="Guyana" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, Amazonian
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<collectingCountry box="[567,648,1348,1377]" name="Brazil" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[723,819,1348,1377]" name="Bolivia" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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; also San Andrés, Providencia,
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<collectingCountry name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[255,359,1392,1417]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Tobago</collectingCountry>
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Is.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,376,1427,1456]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity box="[569,721,1427,1456]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="37.0">37-50 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[799,951,1427,1456]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="29.0">29-33 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[1032,1183,1427,1456]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11-13 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity box="[123,240,1466,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5-8 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 27-
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<quantity box="[429,562,1466,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="6.0">6-32 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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||
<quantity box="[684,762,1466,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" unit="g" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3-6 g</quantity>
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. Dorsal fur is bicolored, with whitish to grayish-yellow bases and cinnamon tips; ventral fur is tawny olive with paler bases. Ears blackish and triangular; tragus long. Eyes small, and face triangular. Wing membranes blackish brown and naked; uropatagium almost naked, sparsely furred only until knee. Skull short (greatest skull length less than 12-
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<quantity box="[778,863,1620,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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) and broad; rostrum broad and flattened; braincase broad and low, with low but distinct sagittal crest; zygomatic arches broad and spread wide; helmet absent. I? has distinct secondary cusp near tip; molariform teeth relatively broad and heavy; palate broad. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,233,1817,1850]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Wide variety of habitats, including evergreen and deciduous forest, thorn scrub, open areas and villages, occupying almost every vegetation zone at elevations from sea level to
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<quantity box="[364,467,1896,1929]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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. Commonly found in slightly disturbed deciduous forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,393,1936,1969]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Insectivorous, feeding on small flying insects that are captured on hunting routes along trails, roads, streams and wells, and clearings, often close to ground. Analyses of fecal samples from
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<collectingCountry box="[684,829,2015,2048]" name="Venezuela" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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showed that 100% of their volume was composed by coleopterans, mainly
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[675,862,2054,2087]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,257,2093,2126]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant females were captured from February to April, lactating females from March to July, and flying juveniles from May to August. The scarce information available indicates that litter size is two.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[120,355,2212,2245]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Nocturnal; this fast-flying bat initiates foraging activity right after sunset. Two peaks of activity, one in first hour of evening, and other in last hour before dawn. Roosts found in palm fronds, hollow trees, between boards, under thatched roofs and other human buildings. Echolocation search-phase calls have durations of 2:1-3-8 milliseconds, with maximum frequencies of 95-111 kHz and minimum frequencies of 33-42 kHz. Frequency at maximum energy 48-2-57-7 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,820,2448,2481]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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This species can roost in fairly large colonies; recorded roosting in a church tower along with Bonda Mastiff Bats (Molossus currentium), Sinaloan Mastiff Bats (M. sinaloae),
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<collectingCountry box="[842,984,2531,2560]" name="Argentina" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Argentine</collectingCountry>
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Serotines (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furinalis">Eptesicus furinalis</taxonomicName>
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), long-tongued bats (Glossophaga sp.), Common Black
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[976,1066,2567,2600]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1089,1311,2567,2600]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">Myotis nigricans</taxonomicName>
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), and Lesser Bulldog Bats (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[480,727,2610,2639]" class="Mammalia" family="Noctilionidae" genus="Noctilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventris">Noctilio albiventris</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,479,2646,2679]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Widely distributed, with expected large population. It occurs in several protected areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="859" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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||
<paragraph blockId="101.[120,1330,1186,2876]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[123,276,2737,2758]" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baird, Hillis et al. (2008), Baird, Marchan-Rivadeneira et al. (2012), Bianconi & Pedro (2017), Bickham & Ruedas (2008), Dolan & Carter (1979), Emmons & Feer (1997), Genoways & Baker (1996b), Goodwin (1958b), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), LaVal (1973a), Oria & Machado (2007), Pio et al. (2010), Simmons (2005),
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<collectingRegion box="[123,204,2851,2876]" country="Uruguay" name="Soriano" pageId="101" pageNumber="859">Soriano</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Tavares (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |