235 lines
20 KiB
XML
235 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF8A6A35FF7E95A01FABB71B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Otonycteris leucophaea" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="871" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="871" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403624" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF8A6A35FF7E95A01FABB71B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF8A6A35FF7E95A01FABB71B" lastPageNumber="871" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<subSubSection box="[130,213,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[127,1259,1017,1146]" box="[130,213,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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||
<heading box="[130,213,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<figureCitation box="[130,213,1017,1063]" captionStart="Plate 64: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="107.[117,147,3280,3305]" captionTargetBox="[11,2760,17,3656]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="225. Gray Long-eared Bat (Plecotus austriacus), 226. Canary Long-eared Bat (Plecotus teneriffae), 227. Gaisler’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus gaisleri), 228. Christie’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus christii), 229. Mediterranean Long-eared Bat (Plecotus kolombatovici), 230. Ethiopian Long-eared Bat (Plecotus balensis), 231. Turkmen Long-eared Bat (Plecotus turkmenicus), 232. Strelkov’s Long-eared (Bat Plecotusstrelkovi), 233. Ognev’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus ognevi), 234. Kozlov’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus kozlovi), 235. Sichuan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus ariel), 236. Himalayan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus homochrous), 237. Taiwan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus taivanus), 238. Japanese Long-eared Bat (Plecotus sacrimontis), 239. Ward’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus wardi), 240. Alpine Long-eared Bat (Plecotus macrobullaris), 241. Sardinian Long-eared Bat (Plecotus sardus), 242. Brown Long-eared Bat (Plecotus auritus), 243. Desert Long-eared Bat (Otonycteris hemprichii), 244. Turkestani Long-eared Bat (Otonycteris leucophaea), 245. Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), 246. Townsend's Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), 247. Mexican Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus mexicanus), 248. Allen’s Big-eared Bat (Idionycteris phyllotis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398533/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">244.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[229,786,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[127,1259,1017,1146]" box="[229,786,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<heading box="[229,786,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<vernacularName box="[229,786,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Turkestani Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[857,1259,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[127,1259,1017,1146]" box="[857,1259,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<heading box="[857,1259,1017,1063]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Severcov" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[857,1259,1017,1063]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaea">
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<emphasis box="[857,1259,1017,1063]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Otonycteris leucophaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[127,1259,1017,1146]" box="[129,1152,1081,1102]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<heading box="[129,1152,1081,1102]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,205,1081,1102]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[214,435,1081,1102]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Oreillard de Severtsov</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[455,546,1081,1102]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[551,814,1081,1102]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Turkestan-Wistengrof3ohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[834,925,1081,1102]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[935,1152,1081,1102]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Orejudo de Severtsov</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="113.[127,1259,1017,1146]" box="[129,963,1120,1141]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<heading box="[129,963,1120,1141]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,376,1120,1141]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[386,697,1120,1141]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Eastern Desert Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[707,963,1120,1141]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Turkestan Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[740,1333,1187,1613]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[741,896,1187,1220]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Severtzov, 1873" authorityName="Severtzov" authorityYear="1873" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">Plecotus leucophaeus Severtzov, 1873</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[740,1333,1187,1613]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319643" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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western
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<collectingCountry box="[947,1080,1231,1260]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
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near Djan-Bulak, between Tashkent and Hodjent (= western promontory of the Kuraminskiy Range)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[740,1333,1187,1613]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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Previously included in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" box="[1061,1230,1344,1377]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemprichii">O. hemprichii</taxonomicName>
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(which see). Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398326/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" targetBox="[125,717,1200,1614]" targetPageId="113">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[740,1333,1187,1613]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[741,917,1432,1457]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SW
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<collectingCountry box="[1000,1161,1432,1457]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Turkmenistan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
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, NE
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<collectingCountry box="[874,934,1463,1496]" name="Iran" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Iran</collectingCountry>
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, SE
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<collectingCountry box="[1000,1157,1463,1496]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1176,1326,1463,1496]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[741,876,1511,1536]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry box="[924,1096,1511,1536]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry box="[1145,1263,1511,1536]" name="Pakistan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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, and NW
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<collectingCountry box="[804,879,1542,1575]" name="India" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[740,1333,1187,1613]" lastBlockId="113.[124,1333,1625,3113]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[740,991,1580,1613]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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||
<quantity box="[1177,1325,1580,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="75.5" valueMax="78.0" valueMin="73.0">73-78 mm</quantity>
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, tail 46-
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<quantity box="[227,356,1625,1654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="2.0">2-65 mm</quantity>
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, ear 38-5-39-
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||
<quantity box="[547,630,1625,1654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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||
, hindfoot 11-9-12-
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||
<quantity box="[897,982,1625,1654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm 56-8-64-
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<quantity box="[1245,1326,1625,1654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
. See the Desert Long-eared Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" box="[581,756,1660,1693]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemprichii">O. hemprichii</taxonomicName>
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) for differences between the two. Pelage loose and soft, less dense on venter; dorsally grayish brown, ventrally whitish. Face nearly naked and pinkish. Ears yellowish brown, very long and well separated, with smoothly convex inner and outer margins and rounded tip; antitragus very small; tragus long and tapers to blunt tip. Eyes comparatively large for the family. Wings very broad, and membranes thick and leathery, semi-translucent, pale yellowish brown near body, becoming pale grayish brown near middle and whitish near wingtips and edges. Tail moderately long and more or less fully enclosed by uropatagium, which attaches at ankle; calcar reaches less than halfway between ankle and tail tip on uropatagium. Penis as in the Desert Long-eared Bat. Baculum is crescent-shaped, dorso-laterally flattened, and relatively thick. Skull robust, rostrum broad and high; braincase elongated and of medium width; interorbital constriction narrow. Canines large and round in transverse section; P* large and canine-like; M? extremely reduced; lower incisors small, compressed, partly overlapping, and bicuspid; I, has small cusp on lingual side; P, small but within tooth row, separating P, and C; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FNa = 48 (
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<collectingCountry box="[903,1107,2256,2285]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[126,1329,2291,2324]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[124,1333,1625,3113]" box="[126,1329,2291,2324]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,237,2291,2324]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Dry steppe to desert habitats in submontane and lowland areas up to
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<quantity box="[1222,1325,2291,2324]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="113.[124,1333,1625,3113]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,393,2339,2364]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Feeds on Solifugae, Scorpiones,
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<taxonomicName box="[873,993,2339,2364]" class="Pilidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName box="[1013,1171,2339,2364]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1189,1325,2339,2364]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Blattodea</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[188,350,2370,2403]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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. Fecal samples in
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<collectingCountry box="[601,658,2370,2403]" name="Iran" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Iran</collectingCountry>
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were dominated by large
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<taxonomicName box="[1020,1177,2370,2403]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[203,347,2418,2443]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
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) and also included medium to large
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<taxonomicName box="[872,1032,2418,2443]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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(crickets), Solifugae,
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<taxonomicName box="[125,245,2449,2482]" class="Pilidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
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, and some
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<taxonomicName box="[418,614,2449,2482]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[640,808,2449,2482]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
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). The species is primarily a groundgleaner.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="113.[124,1333,1625,3113]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,260,2532,2561]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry box="[317,516,2532,2561]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
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, a pregnant female with two embryos was found in June and a volant juvenile in July. Litter size is probably two.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[124,1333,1625,3113]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,359,2611,2640]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Nocturnal. Flies slowly, staying within
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<quantity box="[901,1051,2611,2640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="113" pageNumber="871" unit="cm" value="70.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="40.0">40-100 cm</quantity>
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of ground. It is well adapted to desert habitats, being heterothermic; hibernates during part of the year. Call shape is steep FM sweep with two obvious harmonics; in
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<collectingCountry box="[1020,1170,2686,2719]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
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, lower harmonic had start frequency of c.40 kHz and end frequency of 18 kHz, with maximum energy at c.30-32 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="113.[124,1333,1625,3113]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,851,2804,2837]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Females probably roost in small groups in rock crevices; males probably roost alone in similarsites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="113.[124,1333,1625,3113]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,477,2883,2916]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Relatively common throughout much of its distribution, although limited data available. Probably most threatened by roost disturbance and use of pesticides against insects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="871" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="113.[124,1333,1625,3113]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,276,3009,3034]" pageId="113" pageNumber="871">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Arlettaz et al. (1995), Ashrafi et al. (2016), Benda (2017c), Benda & Gaisler (2015), Benda & Gvozdik (2010), Benda, Faizolahi et al. (2012), Benda, Hank & Cerveny (2011), Horagek (1991), Zima, Volleth, Horéaéek, Cerveny & Macholan (1992).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |