253 lines
23 KiB
XML
253 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF696AD6FF9794591B20B7B6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Harpiocephalus harpia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="907" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="907" updateTime="1658412944878" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581369" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581369" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF696AD6FF9794591B20B7B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF696AD6FF9794591B20B7B6" lastPageNumber="907" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<subSubSection box="[107,189,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[107,189,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<heading box="[107,189,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<figureCitation box="[107,189,512,562]" captionStart="Plate 68: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="146.[110,139,3296,3321]" captionTargetBox="[11,2760,17,3656]" captionTargetPageId="145" captionText="324. Hairy-winged Bat (Harpiocephalus harpia), 325. Gray Tube-nosed Bat (Harprola grisea), 326. Formosan Tube-nosed Bat (Harpiola isodon), 327. Rufous Tube-nosed Bat (Murina leucogaster), 328. Bicolored Tube-nosed Bat (Murina bicolor), 329. Rongjiang Tube-nosed Bat (Murina rongjiangensis), 330. Fang He Tube-nosed Bat (Murina fanjingshanensis), 331. Shuipu Tube-nosed Bat (Murina shuipuensis), 332. Dusky Tube-nosed Bat (Munrina fusca), 333. Hilgendorf’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina hilgendorfi), 334. Litde Tube-nosed Bat (Murina aurata), 335. Jaintia Tube-nosed Bat (Murina jaintiana), 336. Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat (Murina pluvialis), 337. Fea’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina feae), 338. Beelzebub Tube-nosed Bat (Murina beelzebud), 339. Lorelie’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina lorelieae), 340. Vietnamese Tube-nosed Bat (Murina harpioloides), 341. Golden-haired Tube-nosed Bat (Murina chrysochaetes), 342. Harrison's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina harrisoni), 343. Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat (Murina ussuriensis), 344. Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat (Murina tenebrosa), 345. Ryukyu Tube-nosed Bat (Murina ryukyuana), 346. Hutton’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina huttonii), 347. Taiwan Tube-nosed Bat (Murina puta)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398936/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">324.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[206,566,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[206,566,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<heading box="[206,566,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<vernacularName box="[206,566,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Hairy-winged Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[635,1048,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[635,1048,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<heading box="[635,1048,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[635,1048,512,562]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">
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<emphasis box="[635,1048,512,562]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Harpiocephalus harpia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[106,1101,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<heading box="[106,1101,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,182,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[191,402,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Murine a ailes velues</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[423,513,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[524,736,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Haarfllgelfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[757,848,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[858,1101,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Ratonero de alas pilosas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[106,608,620,641]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<heading box="[106,608,620,641]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,353,620,641]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[363,608,620,641]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Lesser Hairy-winged Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="146.[719,1312,690,1113]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[719,874,690,719]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">Vespertilio harpia Temminck, 1840</taxonomicName>
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, “
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319627" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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I'lle de
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<collectingRegion box="[921,982,721,759]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Java</collectingRegion>
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[
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<collectingCountry box="[1004,1147,721,759]" name="Indonesia" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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] ... les caverns de la partie sud du Volcan de Guédé [= caves of the southern part of Mount Gede].” Based on lectotype selection, restricted by A. M. Husson in 1955 10.*S.E. side of Mount Gede, W.
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<collectingRegion box="[1056,1121,926,955]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Java</collectingRegion>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="146.[719,1312,690,1113]" lastBlockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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Genetically,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[898,1097,961,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Harpiocephalus</taxonomicName>
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appears to be sister to the rest of Murininae or imbedded within
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[884,985,1040,1073]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Murina</taxonomicName>
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and related to M. kontumensis, or to M.
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<taxonomicName box="[988,1124,1088,1113]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">leucogaster</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eger & Lim" authorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="908" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shuipuensis">M. shuipuensis</taxonomicName>
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; exact placement currently uncertain. The form
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[921,1015,1119,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Falsistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">mordax</taxonomicName>
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is a synonym; it has sometimes been considered a distinct species based on differing skull size, but this difference actually represents sexual dimorphism, the name
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[979,1073,1198,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Falsistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">mordax</taxonomicName>
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having been applied to the larger females. Four subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398549/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" targetBox="[104,696,694,1109]" targetPageId="146">
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<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,507,1277,1310]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[107,509,1320,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="harpia" subSpecies="harpia">H.h.harpiaTemminck,1840—MalayPeninsula,Sumatra,Java,Bali,Lombok,andthePhilippines(Luzon,Leyte,Negros,Mindanao,andPalawan).</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<taxonomicName authority="Hodgson, 1847" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1847" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[107,507,1399,1428]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="harpia" subSpecies="lasyurus">H.h.lasyurusHodgson,1847—NEIndia(Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,andMizoram),Bhutan,andNWMyanmar.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[107,1036,1478,1507]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1923" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" box="[107,532,1478,1507]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="harpia" subSpecies="madrassius">H.h.madrassiusThomas,1923—SIndia(KeralaandTamilNadu).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. M. Allen, 1913" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1913" box="[107,541,1513,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="harpia" subSpecies="rufulus">H. h. rufulus G. M. Allen, 1913</taxonomicName>
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— SC & SE
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<collectingCountry box="[711,796,1513,1546]" name="China" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[819,930,1513,1546]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[949,1117,1513,1546]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<collectingRegion box="[1200,1295,1513,1546]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Fujian</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry box="[105,225,1557,1586]" name="Vietnam" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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(including Cat Ba I), N
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<collectingCountry box="[570,636,1557,1586]" name="Laos" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Laos</collectingCountry>
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, C
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<collectingCountry box="[683,815,1557,1586]" name="Myanmar" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[893,1023,1557,1586]" name="Thailand" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[105,761,1592,1625]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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Also
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<collectingCountry box="[175,272,1592,1625]" name="Taiwan" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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(subspecies as yet undetermined).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,363,1631,1664]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity box="[555,709,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="66.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="57.0">57-75 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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||
<quantity box="[784,937,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40-50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity box="[1015,1166,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15-18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity box="[110,258,1671,1704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10-14 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 44-54-
|
||
<quantity box="[493,577,1671,1704]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 12-30-
|
||
<quantity box="[789,836,1671,1704]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="g" value="2.0">2 g</quantity>
|
||
. Males are distinctly smaller than females. Fur is thick and soft; dorsally bright orange (with dark-based hairs) to dull orangish brown (with gray-based hairs), with bright orange individuals commoner in
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<collectingCountry box="[147,267,1789,1822]" name="Malaysia" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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||
and the
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<collectingCountry box="[400,563,1789,1822]" name="Philippines" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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||
; ventrally lighter and grayer. Dorsal pelage extends densely onto wing bases, legs, and feet, and entire uropatagium and rest of wings and forearmsis lightly haired. Entire face is furred except long, protuberant nostrils (similar to those of
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[394,503,1912,1941]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Murina</taxonomicName>
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); ears and face are dark brown whereas membranes are blackish brown. Ears are evenly rounded on anterior and posterior borders and generally funnel-shaped; tragus is long, pointed, slightly convex anteriorly, concave on posterior border, and with posterior basal notch. Baculum is forked distally a little before midpoint, the two prongs resembling curved plier handles, being broadest in the middle; main shaft is short with a dorsal ridge and ventral groove. Skull is robust with short, broad, deep rostrum; zygomata are long and relatively strong, with a slight jugal bone; lambdoidal crests are well developed; tympanic bullae and cochleae are small; basioccipital pits are shallow; dentition is robust with massive canines; upper molars are modified and reduced, essentially missing mesostyles, the metacone being the largest cusp; M” is extremely small, being represented by a small “scalelike” tooth that lies against M?; talonids of all three lower molars are reduced. Dental formulais12/3,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 52 (
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<collectingCountry box="[474,599,2421,2454]" name="Vietnam" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[615,717,2421,2454]" name="Taiwan" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingRegion box="[797,969,2421,2454]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[986,1072,2421,2454]" name="China" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">China</collectingCountry>
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) and apparently n = 40 (
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<collectingCountry box="[236,374,2466,2495]" name="Thailand" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[107,219,2500,2533]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Understory of lowland dipterocarp and hill forests and some disturbed areas in South-east Asia; also montane forests and valleys with tall trees near water in South Asia. In the
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<collectingCountry box="[286,446,2579,2612]" name="Philippines" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species occurs in primary and disturbed lowland, montane, and mossy forests. Recorded at elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[814,982,2619,2652]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="2.48" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="m" value="1390.0" valueMax="2480.0" valueMin="300.0">300-2480 m</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1083,1243,2619,2652]" name="Philippines" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity box="[111,278,2659,2692]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.615" metricValueMax="15.38" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="m" value="861.5" valueMax="1538.0" valueMin="185.0">185-1538 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[326,401,2659,2692]" name="India" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[108,1057,2698,2731]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[108,1057,2698,2731]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,370,2698,2731]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Hairy-winged Bats are known to feed on beetles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[108,481,2738,2771]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[108,481,2738,2771]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,242,2738,2771]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[107,337,2776,2809]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Call shape is a steep FM sweep with start frequency of 111-5 kHz, end frequency 32-5 kHz, peak frequency 57 kHz, and duration 1 millisecond, based on single recording in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[288,409,2855,2888]" name="Vietnam" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Peak frequency of 78-3 kHz was recorded in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1037,1203,2855,2888]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1219,1303,2855,2888]" name="China" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[108,1048,2899,2928]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[108,1048,2899,2928]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,809,2899,2928]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[109,457,2934,2967]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Hairywinged Bat is widespread butis suffering habitat destruction from agricultural expansion and deforestation throughout its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[110,260,3060,3085]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates & Harrison (1997), Chen Bocheng etal. (2015), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Rosell-Ambal et al. (2008), Das (1986b), Francis (2008a), Francis et al. (2010), Heaney, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016), Hill & Francis (1984), Husson (1955), Kruskop (2013a), Lin Liangkong et al. (2006), Matveev (2005), McBee etal. (1986), Nguyen Truong Son etal. (2015), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Zhou Quan et al. (2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |