277 lines
28 KiB
XML
277 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF5C6AECFA909EB21C43B3F4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis occultus Hollister 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="930" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="929" updateTime="1658433834459" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6402928" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6402928" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF5C6AECFA909EB21C43B3F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF5C6AECFA909EB21C43B3F4" lastPageId="168" lastPageNumber="930" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<subSubSection box="[1388,1470,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1386,2263,2283,2374]" box="[1388,1470,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<heading box="[1388,1470,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<figureCitation box="[1388,1470,2283,2329]" captionStart="Plate 70: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="161.[127,157,3239,3264]" captionTargetBox="[10,2760,19,3657]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="366. Disk-footed Bat (Eudiscopus denticulus), 367. Taiwan Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon latirostris), 368. HimalayanBroad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon caliginosus), 369. Moupin Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon moupinensis), 370. Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), 371. South-western Myotis (Myotis auriculus), 372. Western Small-footed Myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum), 373. Dark-nosed Small-footed Myotis (Myotis melanorhinus), 374. Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii), 375. California Myotis (Myotis californicus), 376. Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), 377. Keen’s Myotis (Myotis keenii), 378. Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis), 379. Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes), 380. Arizona Myotis (Myotis occultus), 381. Long-legged Myotis (Myotis volans), 382. Flat-headed Myotis (Myotis planiceps), 383. Indiana Myotis (Myotis sodalis), 384. Cinnamon Myotis (Myotis fortidens), 385. Findley’s Myotis (Myotis findleyi), 386. Northern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis pilosatibialis), 387. Southern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis keaysi), 388. Red Myotis (Myotis ruber), 389. Riparian Myotis (Myotis riparius), 390. Velvety Myotis (Myotis simus), 391. Golden Myous (Myotis midastactus), 392. Elegant Myotis (Myotis elegans), 393. Fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vivesi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398940/files/figure.png" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">380.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1484,1797,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1386,2263,2283,2374]" box="[1484,1797,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<heading box="[1484,1797,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<vernacularName box="[1484,1797,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<collectingRegion box="[1484,1650,2283,2329]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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Myotis
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1849,2137,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1386,2263,2283,2374]" box="[1849,2137,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<heading box="[1849,2137,2283,2329]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1909" box="[1849,2137,2283,2329]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occultus">
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<emphasis box="[1849,2137,2283,2329]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Myotis occultus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1387,2262,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1386,2263,2283,2374]" box="[1387,2262,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<heading box="[1387,2262,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1387,1463,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1472,1651,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Murin de Hollister</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1672,1762,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1770,1940,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Arizona-Mausohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1960,2052,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2062,2262,2348,2369]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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Ratonero de
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<collectingRegion box="[2190,2262,2348,2369]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1997,2591,2417,2845]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1999,2159,2417,2450]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Hollister, 1909" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occultus">Myotis occultus Hollister, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1997,2591,2417,2845]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319547" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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“west side of
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<collectingRegion box="[2301,2437,2461,2490]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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River ten miles [=
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<quantity box="[2133,2224,2500,2529]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
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] above Needles,
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">California</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry box="[2077,2144,2535,2568]" name="United States of America" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1997,2591,2417,2845]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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Subgenus Pyzonix;
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[2264,2381,2575,2608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifugus">lucifugus</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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<collectingRegion box="[1999,2046,2615,2648]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">See</collectingRegion>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="H. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[2064,2188,2615,2648]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="931" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="evotis">M. evotis</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1909" box="[2211,2413,2615,2648]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occultus">Myotis occultus</taxonomicName>
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was considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[2289,2454,2654,2687]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifugus">M. lucifugus</taxonomicName>
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, but morphology and molecular data support it as a distinct species. Monotypic.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398686/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" targetBox="[1382,1974,2426,2840]" targetPageId="167">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1997,2591,2417,2845]" lastBlockId="167.[1382,2589,2858,3473]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1997,2173,2773,2806]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE
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<collectingRegion box="[2228,2370,2773,2806]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[2382,2495,2773,2806]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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||
, S
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[2102,2280,2820,2845]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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, and perhaps S
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<collectingRegion box="[2520,2589,2820,2845]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Utah</collectingRegion>
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and W
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<collectingRegion box="[1482,1562,2858,2883]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Texas</collectingRegion>
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; distributional limits in NC
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<collectingRegion box="[1949,2051,2858,2883]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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are uncertain, considering it has been recorded only in several localities in
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<collectingRegion box="[1911,2069,2889,2922]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
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and a disjunct site near Texcoco, in the
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<collectingRegion box="[1438,1660,2926,2959]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Distrito Federal</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="929" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="167.[1382,2589,2858,3473]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1383,1636,2968,3001]" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[1829,1982,2968,3001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="mm" value="47.5" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="41.0">41-54 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[2060,2213,2968,3001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="29.0">29-41 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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||
<quantity box="[2294,2445,2968,3001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10-13 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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||
<quantity box="[1384,1516,3007,3040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7-11 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 36-41-
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||
<quantity box="[1748,1831,3007,3040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity box="[1951,2027,3007,3040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="g" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7-9 g</quantity>
|
||
. The
|
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<collectingRegion box="[2107,2218,3007,3040]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="167" pageNumber="929">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2229,2318,3007,3040]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
is morphologically similar to the Little Brown
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1761,1851,3047,3080]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1874,2046,3047,3080]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifugus">M. lucifugus</taxonomicName>
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), but distinguished by cranial features. Fur is long and silky. Dorsal hairs are bicolored, with blackish bases and prout’s brown to golden yellow tips and strong contrast between bases and tips. Ventral hairs are bicolored, with dark brown bases and pale yellow to whitish graytips. Ears are mediumsized, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril. Tragus is ¢.6-
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||
<quantity box="[2345,2430,3204,3237]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
long, with indented edges. Membranes, ears, and skin are dark brown; plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at bases of toes. Upper and lower surfaces of uropatagium are barely covered with hairs. Skull is large in size (greatest skull lengths 14-1-16-
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||
<quantity box="[2395,2487,3323,3356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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||
); sagittal crest is well developed. There is only one premolar behind C! in most specimens; other
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1467,1550,3402,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
species usually have two.Its teeth are larger than in most
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2358,2442,3402,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; maxillary tooth row is usually greater than 5-
|
||
<quantity box="[1869,1953,3440,3473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="167" pageNumber="929" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="930" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="168.[180,1392,277,2252]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,292,277,310]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Variety temperate deserts and woodlands (e.g. ponderosa pine,
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<taxonomicName box="[1244,1318,277,310]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
ponderosa,
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||
<taxonomicName box="[278,402,325,350]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
and oak-pine forests), often near water without respect to vegetation type and most commonly pine forests at elevations
|
||
<quantity box="[900,1089,356,389]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="2500.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000-3000 m</quantity>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="930" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="168.[180,1392,277,2252]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,440,395,428]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[449,560,395,428]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[569,659,395,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
forage in lower strata, such as over water bodies and orchards and under tree canopies. They detect prey at very short distances and are able to capture prey in rapid succession—up to 600 mosquitoes/hour. Diet consists of soft- and hard-bodied arthropods (e.g. coleopterans, dipterans, hymenopterans, hemipterans, lepidopterans, neuropterans, and arachnids). In
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1030,1204,562,587]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, it consumes mainly wasps, mosquitoes, and other soft-bodied insects. Diets in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1085,1216,593,626]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
mainly contained hard-bodied insects (e.g. coleopterans). Lactating females eat larger prey than non-reproductive females and males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="930" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="168.[180,1392,277,2252]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,316,711,744]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[514,624,711,744]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[638,727,711,744]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in autumn when there is more movement than usual and swarming occurs hibernacula and outside caves. Mating is polygynandrous. Females store sperm until spring. Gestation averages 50-60 days; young are usually born in June-August. Neonates barely have fur weighing
|
||
<quantity box="[1193,1263,829,862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" unit="g" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">1-8 g</quantity>
|
||
and are completely furred when 6-
|
||
<quantity box="[551,592,869,902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" unit="g" value="6.0">6 g</quantity>
|
||
and nearly readyto fly. Generally, only one young is born per pregnancy, with few records of twins. At c.21 days old, young are weaned, and at 30 days old, they can fly and feed by themselves. Females reach sexual maturity in their first year and can breed; males reach sexual maturity in their second year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="930" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="168.[180,1392,277,2252]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,420,1027,1060]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[433,544,1027,1060]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[557,647,1027,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally emerging from roosts at dusk, with peak activity in the first two hours after dusk and before dawn.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1017,1128,1066,1099]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1141,1230,1066,1099]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
have separate roosts for day, night, hibernation, and maternity activities. Most day roosts are in buildings and hollow trees or under rocks or wood. Night roosts can be very similar to day roosts, perhaps even the same site, but are usually in more confined spaces and include bridges. Winter roosts include caves and abandoned buildings. Maternity roosts are periodically changed and are in hollow trees, buildings, house roofs, caves, mines, tunnels, crevices in bridges, and snags. Maternity roosts are warmer than regular roosts. Wing morphology and echolocation frequency are typical of aerial insectivorous bats. Echolocation calls have strongly FM initial component, terminating with short CF component.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[496,606,1421,1454]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[617,707,1421,1454]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[933,1022,1421,1454]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
40 kHz call group, which is characterized by frequencies of calls of 35-60 kHz. Mean call parameters are bandwidth of 45-3 kHz, characteristic frequency of 34-9 kHz, dominant slope of 14-1 kHz, maximum frequency of 81-7 kHz, minimum frequency of 33-7 kHz, peak frequency of 46 kHz, total slope of 16-6 kHz, and duration of 3 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="930" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="168.[180,1392,277,2252]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[183,884,1618,1651]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[895,1006,1618,1651]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1015,1104,1618,1651]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
moves up to several kilometers between day roosts and feeding sites daily. There is no evidence ofterritoriality. Hibernation begins in September—-November and ends in March—-May. Young remain active later into autumn to build up fat reserves for hibernation. They can enter torpor daily outside of hibernating season. Aggregations of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1040,1151,1776,1809]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1162,1251,1776,1809]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have up to 300,000 individuals. In summer, females and males live separately, with maternity colonies of up to 800 females. A colony with ¢.2000 bats in horizontal timbers of a large bridge in the Lower
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[482,613,1895,1928]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[626,698,1895,1928]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">River</collectingRegion>
|
||
Valley contained
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[953,1064,1895,1928]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1076,1165,1895,1928]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(40% of total), Yuma
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[270,360,1939,1968]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="H. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[427,584,1939,1968]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yumanensis">yumanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Brazilian Free-tailed Bats (1adarida
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1167,1304,1939,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Eplesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Brazilian Free-tailed Bats roosted by themselves, and the two species roosted together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="930" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="168.[180,1392,277,2252]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,538,2013,2046]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[261,351,2053,2086]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="930" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread, occurs in several protected areas, and is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate to qualify forlisting in a threatened category.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="930" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="168.[180,1392,277,2252]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,338,2141,2166]" pageId="168" pageNumber="930">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Barbour & Davis (1969), Diamond et al. (2015), Geluso & Mink (2009), Harvey et al. (2011), Hayward (1963), Jenkins (2017), Ortega & Arita (2014b), Piaggio et al. (2002), Solari (20180), Stager (1943), Valdez & Bogan (2009), Valdez et al. (1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |