380 lines
42 KiB
XML
380 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF546AF4FA7C92431FE4BD7B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis austroriparius Rhoads 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="938" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="937" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577875" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF546AF4FA7C92431FE4BD7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF546AF4FA7C92431FE4BD7B" lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="938" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<subSubSection box="[1408,1490,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[1406,2398,1050,1137]" box="[1408,1490,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<heading box="[1408,1490,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<figureCitation box="[1408,1490,1050,1096]" captionStart="Plate 71: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="175.[135,165,3283,3308]" captionTargetBox="[14,2759,17,3659]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="394. Gray Myotis (Myotis grisescens), 395. South-eastern Myotis (Myotis austroriparius), 396. Yuma Myotis (Myotis yumanensis), 397. Cave Myotis (Myotis velifer), 398. Peninsular Myotis (Myotis peninsularis), 399. Guatemalan Myotis (Myotis cobanensis), 400. Chilean Myotis (Myotis chiloensis), 401. Silver-upped Myotis (Myotis albescens), 402. Yellowish Myotis (Myotis levis), 403. Dinelli’s Myotis (Myotis dinellu), 404. Izecksohn’s Myotis (Myotis izecksohni), 405. LaVal's Myotis (Myotis lavali), 406. Montane Myotis (Myotis oxyotus), 407. Clyde Jones's Myotis (Myotis clydejonesi), 408. Schwartz's Myotis (Myotis martiniquensis), 409. Dominican Myotis (Myotis dominicensis), 410. Barbados Myotis (Myotis nyctor), 411. Atacama Myotis (Myotis atacamensis), 412. Curacao Myotis (Myotis nesopolus), 413. Colombian Black Myotis (Myotis caucensis), 414. Sir David Attenborough’s Myotis (Myotis attenboroughi), 415. Handley’s Myotis (Myotis handleyi), 416. Diminutive Myotis (Myotis diminutus), 417. Common Black Myotis (Myotis nigricans), 418. Brandt's Myotis (Myotis brandtii), 419. Siberian Whiskered Myots (Myotis sibiricus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398942/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">395.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1508,1941,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="175.[1406,2398,1050,1137]" box="[1508,1941,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<heading box="[1508,1941,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<vernacularName box="[1508,1941,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">South-eastern Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1993,2397,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[1406,2398,1050,1137]" box="[1993,2397,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<heading box="[1993,2397,1050,1096]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1897" box="[1993,2397,1050,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="austroriparius">
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<emphasis box="[1993,2397,1050,1096]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Myotis austroriparius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1407,2376,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[1406,2398,1050,1137]" box="[1407,2376,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<heading box="[1407,2376,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1407,1483,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1492,1699,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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Murin du
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<collectingRegion box="[1590,1699,1114,1135]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1721,1812,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1821,2044,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Siidostliches Mausohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2064,2155,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2166,2376,1114,1135]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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Ratonero del
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<collectingRegion box="[2302,2376,1114,1135]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Misisipi</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[2019,2616,1180,1608]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2019,2175,1180,1213]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1831" box="[2193,2446,1180,1213]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifugus">Vespertilio lucifugus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authority="Rhoads, 1897" authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="austroriparius">austroriparius Rhoads, 1897</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[2019,2616,1180,1608]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319739" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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“Tarpon Springs [Pinellas County], Florida,”
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<collectingCountry box="[2330,2396,1263,1292]" name="United States of America" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">USA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[2019,2616,1180,1608]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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Subgenus Pizonyx;
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[2288,2399,1303,1332]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">albescens</taxonomicName>
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species group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398761/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" targetBox="[1404,1996,1189,1604]" targetPageId="175">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[2019,2616,1180,1608]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2020,2196,1382,1411]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE
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<collectingCountry box="[2263,2328,1382,1411]" name="United States of America" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">USA</collectingCountry>
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, in S
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<collectingRegion box="[2420,2515,1382,1411]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Illinois</collectingRegion>
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and S
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<collectingRegion box="[2021,2130,1421,1450]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Indiana</collectingRegion>
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S to E
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<collectingRegion box="[2242,2322,1421,1450]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Texas</collectingRegion>
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, and Florida, and E to
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<collectingRegion box="[2068,2295,1457,1490]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion box="[2389,2613,1457,1490]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
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through W
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<collectingRegion box="[2195,2326,1504,1529]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
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, W
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<collectingRegion box="[2391,2538,1504,1529]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<collectingRegion box="[2178,2292,1536,1569]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Georgia</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[2019,2616,1180,1608]" lastBlockId="175.[1406,2620,1615,3187]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2020,2270,1575,1608]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[2456,2606,1575,1608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="48.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="45.0">45-51 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[1462,1613,1615,1648]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="26.0">26-44 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[1687,1822,1615,1648]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="9.0">9-16 mm</quantity>
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||
, A
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<quantity box="[1976,2110,1615,1648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7-12 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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||
<quantity box="[2254,2405,1615,1648]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="33.0">33-40 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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||
<quantity box="[2528,2606,1615,1648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="g" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5-8 g</quantity>
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. Females are slightly bigger than males. Dorsal hairs vary from grayish brown to bright orange-brown, with bases slightly darker than tips. Ventral hairs are strongly bicolored, with dark brown bases and whitish, grayish brown, or yellowish brown tips. Females are generally more brightly colored than males; color variation can depend on molt that is correlated with reproductive stage. Ammonia steam in large cavesalso affects fur color. Ears are medium-sized to large, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril, and tragus is short and blunt. Nose is bare and pinkish. Membranes are mummy brown or blackish; plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at base of toes. Calcar is not keeled, and toes have long hairs, extending beyond tips of claws. Fur is short, thick, and woolly. Skull is small to medium-sized (greatest length of skull 13-5-15-
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<quantity box="[2503,2596,2009,2042]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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); forehead rises abruptly; braincase is highly inflated; and medium sagittal crest can be felt through skin. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50, with 17 pairs of acrocentric and four pairs of metacentric autosomes. X- and Y-chromosomes are submetacentric.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[1406,2620,1615,3187]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1408,1520,2207,2240]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Mainly
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<collectingRegion box="[1641,1705,2207,2240]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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coastal plain in riparian floodplain forests or wooded wetlands with nearby permanent open water such as lakes, ponds, or slow-moving streams.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[1406,2620,1615,3187]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1408,1674,2286,2319]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The South-eastern
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1961,2051,2286,2319]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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emerges after dark and usually forages within
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||
<quantity box="[1506,1589,2326,2359]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
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of water surfaces, capturing small insects in flight.
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<taxonomicName box="[2313,2471,2326,2359]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
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<taxonomicName box="[1542,1648,2374,2399]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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occurin diets; it eats midges, mosquitoes, small moths, small beetles, and cane flies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="175.[1406,2620,1615,3187]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1409,1543,2444,2477]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Breeding.</emphasis>
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All male South-eastern
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1910,2000,2444,2477]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
from
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<collectingRegion box="[2101,2201,2444,2477]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Florida</collectingRegion>
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had enlarged epididymides from about mid-February to mid-April. In
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<collectingRegion box="[2020,2130,2484,2517]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Indiana</collectingRegion>
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||
, males with scrotal testes ware reported in March-April and August (largest testes in August). In
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<collectingRegion box="[2360,2462,2523,2556]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Florida</collectingRegion>
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||
, mating is from mid-February to mid-April; altricial young are most frequently born from late April to the end of May, with births peaking in mid-May. Young were found as early as 30 April, and no pregnant females were detected after 17 May. Ninety percent of pregnant females give birth to twins (one from each uterus); it is the only species of
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1410,1494,2720,2753]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
known to have twins. Delayed fertilization does not occur in
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<collectingRegion box="[2394,2497,2720,2753]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Florida</collectingRegion>
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. During birth, a mother forms a receptacle with the uropatagium to catch her young. Placenta does not appear until several hours after birth, and the mother pulls it out with her teeth and eats it. Births generally occur during the day. Neonates are born naked, with their eyes and ears closed, and weigh slightly more than
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||
<quantity box="[2241,2285,2878,2911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" unit="g" value="1.0">1 g</quantity>
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. Pre-weaning mortality is high, which might suggest that twinning is adaptive. Because South-eastern
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2526,2616,2918,2951]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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usually roosts in caves with water, many neonates fall and drown. Young can fly at 5-6 weeks old. Maternity colonies are formed during mid-March and early April, and they contain 2000-90,000 individuals. Young grow rapidly; both sexes reach sexual maturity before one year of age.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="938" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="175.[1406,2620,1615,3187]" lastBlockId="176.[171,1379,274,1612]" lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="938" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1408,1647,3115,3148]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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South-eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1869,1959,3115,3148]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
consistently emerge from roosts in complete darkness, generally later than other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2083,2168,3154,3187]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Pattern of nocturnal activity is not well understood, but evidence suggests bimodal activity, with foraging peak after sunset and anotherjust before dawn. It uses caves asits primary roosts, especially those containing pools of water. It also roosts in human habitations and structures such as attics, barns, bridges, culverts, storm sewers, boat houses, and mines; under bark; or in hollow trees (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[472,546,435,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Nyssa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nyssa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Nysaceae;
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[715,790,435,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carya</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[803,997,435,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Juglandaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.C.M.Richard" authorityYear="1810" box="[1020,1147,435,464]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Taxodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Taxodium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1165,1361,435,464]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Most maternity colonies are in caves but sometimes in buildings. In some regions, different roosts are used in summer and winter;
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[806,937,510,543]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="176" pageNumber="938">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
|
||
populations use caves in winter but are rare in most caves in summer when large hollow trees are used. High humidity and constant warm temperatures are key characteristics of maternity sites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398942/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" startId="175.[135,165,3283,3308]" targetBox="[14,2759,17,3659]" targetPageId="174">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="175.[133,2605,3283,3470]" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">
|
||
On following pages: 396. Yuma
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[487,559,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="H. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[576,789,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yumanensis">Myotis yumanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 397. Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[923,995,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1012,1161,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velifer">Myotis velifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 398. Peninsular
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1358,1430,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1898" box="[1447,1660,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsularis">Myotis peninsularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 399. Guatemalan
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1878,1950,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. G. Goodwin" authorityYear="1955" box="[1967,2173,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cobanensis">Myotis cobanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 400. Chilean
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2340,2412,3283,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiloensis">Myotis chiloensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 401. Silver-tipped
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[456,528,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[544,736,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">Myotis albescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 402. Yellowish
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[924,996,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1013,1144,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">Myotis levis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 403. Dinelli's
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1313,1385,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1402,1476,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
dinelli); 404. I1zecksohn's
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1762,1834,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1851,2046,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">Myotis izecksohni</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 405. LaVal's
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2206,2278,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2295,2430,3327,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavali">Myotis lavali</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 406. Montane
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[136,208,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[225,392,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyotus">Myotis oxyotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 407.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[464,523,3362,3387]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Clyde" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clyde</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jones's
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[622,694,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[711,915,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clydejonesi">Myotis clydejonesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 408. Schwartz's
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1117,1189,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LaVal" authorityYear="1973" box="[1206,1449,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martiniquensis">Myotis martiniquensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 409. Dominican
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1651,1723,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[1741,1967,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominicensis">Myotis dominicensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 410.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2043,2143,3362,3387]" name="Barbados" pageId="175" pageNumber="937">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2154,2226,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2243,2317,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
nycton; 411. Atacama
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[136,208,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lataste" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[225,444,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">Myotis atacamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 412. Curagao
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[619,691,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[708,902,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nesopolus">Myotis nesopolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 413. Colombian Black
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1169,1241,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1257,1447,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucensis">Myotis caucensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 414. Sir David Attenborough’'s
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1802,1874,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1891,2125,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Myotis attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 415. Handley’s
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2315,2387,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2404,2576,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="945" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="handleyi">Myotis handleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 416. Diminutive
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[316,388,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moratelli & Wilson" authorityYear="2011" box="[404,595,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="945" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diminutus">Myotis diminutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 417. Common Black
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[840,912,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[929,1109,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="945" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">Myotis nigricans</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 418. Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1282,1354,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1371,1445,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
brandftii); 419. Siberian Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1830,1902,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kastschenko" authorityYear="1905" box="[1919,2091,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Myotis sibiricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="176" pageNumber="938" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="176.[171,1379,274,1612]" pageId="176" pageNumber="938">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,864,629,662]" pageId="176" pageNumber="938">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
South-eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1076,1164,629,662]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not known to migrate. Patterns of movements between summer and winter roosts are largely unknown, but banded individuals moved
|
||
<quantity box="[714,851,707,740]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" unit="km" value="50.5" valueMax="72.0" valueMin="29.0">29-72 km</quantity>
|
||
. In northern parts of the distribution, individuals hibernate almost all winter and have been found in compact clusters of up to 50 individuals hanging from ceilings and walls of caves or beneath buildings. These individuals went into semi-torpor when temperatures dropped below 4°C, but when warm temperatures returned, they awoke and resumed nightly foraging activities. In the northernmost distribution, hibernation can last up to seven months from September— October to February-March. In southern parts of the distribution, individuals remain active throughout much of the winter, foraging actively at night. Maternity colonies can contain a few hundred to thousands of individuals. Few males are found in maternity colonies, but many adult males joined maternity colonies after young have matured. Males generally roost alone or in small bachelor groups. South-eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1153,1241,1102,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
occasionally share roosts with Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[869,1189,1141,1174]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Corynorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rafinesquii">Corynorhinus rafinesquii</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Gray
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1288,1376,1141,1174]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. H. Howell" authorityYear="1909" box="[230,353,1185,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grisescens">grisescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Little Brown
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[553,641,1185,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1831" box="[661,821,1185,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifugus">M. lucifugus</taxonomicName>
|
||
),,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[851,958,1185,1214]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="176" pageNumber="938">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[965,1053,1185,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller & G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1928" box="[1074,1209,1185,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="925" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodalis">M. sodalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Tricolored Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[249,510,1224,1253]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Perimyotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subflavus">Perimyotis subflavus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Brazilian Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1083,1223,1224,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Eplesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="176" pageNumber="938" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="176.[171,1379,274,1612]" pageId="176" pageNumber="938">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,519,1260,1293]" pageId="176" pageNumber="938">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Southeastern
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[283,372,1299,1332]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
widespread and presumably has a large population. Nevertheless, studies indicate the need for population monitoring due to increased caves exploitation and spread of White-nose Syndrome caused by a fungus pathogenic to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="176" pageNumber="938" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="176.[171,1379,274,1612]" pageId="176" pageNumber="938">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,325,1465,1490]" pageId="176" pageNumber="938">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Arroyo-Cabrales & Alvarez-Castaneda (2017f), Baker & Patton (1967), Gardner etal. (1992), Gomoll (2004), Gore & Hovis (1992), Hobson (1998), Horner & Mirowsky (1996), Jones & Manning (1989), LaVal (1970), Miller & Allen (1928), Munford & Whitaker (1982), Rice (1957), Simmons (2005), Whitaker & Hamilton (1998), Wilson & Ruff (1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |