217 lines
19 KiB
XML
217 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF506AEFFF7B9E33189FBE04" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis ruber" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="933" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="933" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6402935" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6402935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF506AEFFF7B9E33189FBE04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF506AEFFF7B9E33189FBE04" lastPageNumber="933" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<subSubSection box="[135,217,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[134,886,2154,2239]" box="[135,217,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<heading box="[135,217,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<figureCitation box="[135,217,2154,2200]" captionStart="Plate 70: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="161.[127,157,3239,3264]" captionTargetBox="[10,2760,19,3657]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="366. Disk-footed Bat (Eudiscopus denticulus), 367. Taiwan Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon latirostris), 368. HimalayanBroad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon caliginosus), 369. Moupin Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon moupinensis), 370. Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), 371. South-western Myotis (Myotis auriculus), 372. Western Small-footed Myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum), 373. Dark-nosed Small-footed Myotis (Myotis melanorhinus), 374. Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii), 375. California Myotis (Myotis californicus), 376. Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), 377. Keen’s Myotis (Myotis keenii), 378. Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis), 379. Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes), 380. Arizona Myotis (Myotis occultus), 381. Long-legged Myotis (Myotis volans), 382. Flat-headed Myotis (Myotis planiceps), 383. Indiana Myotis (Myotis sodalis), 384. Cinnamon Myotis (Myotis fortidens), 385. Findley’s Myotis (Myotis findleyi), 386. Northern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis pilosatibialis), 387. Southern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis keaysi), 388. Red Myotis (Myotis ruber), 389. Riparian Myotis (Myotis riparius), 390. Velvety Myotis (Myotis simus), 391. Golden Myous (Myotis midastactus), 392. Elegant Myotis (Myotis elegans), 393. Fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vivesi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398940/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">388.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[234,465,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[134,886,2154,2239]" box="[234,465,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<heading box="[234,465,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<vernacularName box="[234,465,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Red Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[516,754,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[134,886,2154,2239]" box="[516,754,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<heading box="[516,754,2154,2200]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[516,754,2154,2200]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
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<emphasis box="[516,754,2154,2200]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Myotis ruber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[134,886,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[134,886,2154,2239]" box="[134,886,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<heading box="[134,886,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,210,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[219,340,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Murin rouge</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[362,452,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[462,616,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Rotes Mausohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[636,727,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[737,886,2218,2239]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Ratonero rojizo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[746,1339,2290,2714]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[747,903,2290,2319]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">Vespertilio ruber E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[746,1339,2290,2714]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319664" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[1046,1177,2334,2359]" name="Paraguay" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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.” Based on neotype selection,restricted by R. K. LaVal in 1973b to “Sapucay [Neembuct Department],
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<collectingCountry box="[853,980,2444,2477]" name="Paraguay" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[746,1339,2290,2714]" box="[748,1335,2484,2517]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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Subgenus Pyzonix;
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1806" box="[1037,1104,2484,2517]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">ruber</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="171.[746,1339,2290,2714]" box="[747,904,2523,2556]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398745/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" targetBox="[132,723,2294,2709]" targetPageId="171">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[746,1339,2290,2714]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[747,923,2567,2596]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Distribution.</emphasis>
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NE, SE & S
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<collectingCountry box="[1130,1211,2567,2596]" name="Brazil" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry name="Paraguay" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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, NE
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<collectingCountry box="[878,1021,2602,2635]" name="Argentina" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1101,1222,2602,2635]" name="Uruguay" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[746,1339,2290,2714]" lastBlockId="171.[129,1339,2720,3462]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[746,1026,2642,2675]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body c¢.49
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[934,1091,2685,2714]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="33.0">33-44 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[1176,1330,2685,2714]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11-14 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity box="[271,408,2720,2753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7-10 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 33-9-42.1 mm; weight
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||
<quantity box="[893,974,2720,2753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="g" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5-9 g</quantity>
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. The Red Myotis is morphologically similar to its Neotropical congeners. Fur is medium long (dorsal fur
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<quantity box="[132,253,2798,2831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
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; ventral fur
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||
<quantity box="[444,565,2798,2831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4-7 mm</quantity>
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||
) and woolly. Dorsal hairs are subtly bicolored, with russet bases (two-thirds total length) and only slightly lighter tips. Ventral hairs are bicolored, with dark brown bases (two-thirds total length), bright yellow-ochertips, and strong contrast between bases and tips. Ears are of medium length, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril. Membranes are cinnamon-brown; plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at bases of toes; claws are often reddish. Fringe of hairs along trailing edge of uropatagium is absent; fur is thick on basal one-third of dorsal uropatagium, extending one-third to one-half the distance from knee to ankle. Baculum is small, with poorly developed structural features; it is little more than a rod, flattened and laterally expanded at one end. Skull is robust and moderate in size (greatest skull lengths 14-6-15-
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<quantity box="[656,749,3193,3226]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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); parietal is inclined forward; posterior region of skull, formed by interparietal and supraoccipital bones, usually does not project beyond posterior border of occipital condyles; and sagittal and lambdoidal crests are present, ranging from medium to high. P? is generally aligned with other upper premolars. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50, with three large and one small metacentric and 17 acrocentric pairs of autosomes. Large X-and small Y-chromosomes are submetacentric.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[1414,2624,276,1336]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1417,1529,276,309]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Highland rainforests and semideciduous forest relics (north-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[2521,2607,276,309]" name="Brazil" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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), dense montane forest (south-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[1966,2052,320,349]" name="Brazil" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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), ombrophilous Atlantic Forest (southern
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<collectingCountry box="[1481,1567,355,388]" name="Brazil" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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), semideciduous forest and grassland Pampa (
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<collectingCountry box="[2256,2384,355,388]" name="Paraguay" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2404,2547,355,388]" name="Argentina" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1417,1545,394,427]" name="Uruguay" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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), agricultural landscapes, and urban forest fragments at elevations of
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="500.0">500— 1500 m</quantity>
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. Records indicate that the Red Myotis has strong association with subtropical habitats and appears more common in primary forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[1414,2624,276,1336]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1416,1685,512,545]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Red Myotis forage in forested areas and over water. In southern
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<collectingCountry box="[1417,1498,552,585]" name="Brazil" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, diets include various insects, particularly
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<taxonomicName box="[2120,2277,552,585]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[2357,2465,552,585]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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, caught in flight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[1414,2624,276,1336]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1416,1551,631,664]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In southern
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<collectingCountry box="[1734,1816,631,664]" name="Brazil" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, pregnant Red Myotis were recorded in June and August— November, with concentrated peak in the last two months. Reproduction seems to be polyestrous, with greater reproductive activity in summer.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[1414,2624,276,1336]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1414,1652,749,782]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Red Myotis emerge just before sunset. Roosts include hollow trees, cracks in rocks, and human structures (e.g. house roofs). Echolocation calls have strongly FM initial component, terminating with short CF component. Mean call parameters are lowest frequency of 58 kHz, highest frequency of 65 kHz, and call duration of 5 milliseconds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[1414,2624,276,1336]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1415,2114,946,979]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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A colony of Red Myotis roosted in a peri-urban shed in
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<collectingCountry box="[1685,1807,985,1018]" name="Uruguay" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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with Small Big-eared Brown Bats (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Philippi & Landbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[2295,2546,985,1018]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">Histiotus montanus</taxonomicName>
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) and Brazilian Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida
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<taxonomicName box="[1917,2061,1029,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Eplesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="933" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[1414,2624,276,1336]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1415,1762,1065,1098]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCNRed List. The Red Myotis still seems reasonably widespread, but it is dependent on highly fragile habitat and is in significant decline due to habitat conversion by humans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="933" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[1414,2624,276,1336]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1415,1568,1192,1217]" pageId="171" pageNumber="933">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Acosta (1950), Arias-Aguilar et al. (2018), Barquez & Diaz (2008b), Barquez et al. (1999), Ber nardi et al. (2014), Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1806), LaVal (1973b), Lépez-Gonzélez et al. (2001), Lutz et al. (2012), Moratelli & Morielle-Versute (2007), Sbragia & Pess6a (2008), Sousa et al. (2004), Thomas (1902d), Weber et al. (2010), Wilson (2008b).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |