221 lines
21 KiB
XML
221 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF3C6A83FA769446198EB086" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis pruinosus Yoshiyuki 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="961" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="961" updateTime="1658491128239" updateUser="diego">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>716</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>981</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577917" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628141" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF3C6A83FA769446198EB086" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF3C6A83FA769446198EB086" lastPageNumber="961" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1418,1500,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1415,2284,543,668]" box="[1418,1500,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<heading box="[1418,1500,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1418,1500,543,589]" captionStart="Plate 73: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="199.[131,161,3286,3311]" captionTargetBox="[12,2760,18,3659]" captionTargetPageId="198" captionText="449. Hairy-faced Myotis (Myotis annectans), 450. Frosted Myotis (Myotis pruinosus), 451. Yanbaru Whiskered Myotis (Myotis yanbarensis), 452. Long-toed Myotis (Myotis secundus), 453. Bornean Whiskered Myotis (Myotis borneoensis), 454. Malaysian Whiskered Myotis (Myotis federatus), 455. Indochinese Myotis (Myotis indochinensis), 456. Peyton’s Myotis (Myotis peytoni), 457. Burmese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis montivagus), 458. Long-fingered Myotis (Myotis capaccinii), 459. Chinese Water Myotis (Myotis laniger), 460. Csorba’s Myotis (Myotis csorbai), 461. Kashmir Cave Myotis (Myotis longipes), 462. Annamit Myotis (Myotis annamiticus), 463. Phan Luong’s Myotis (Myotis phanluongi), 464. Himalayan Whiskered Myotis (Myotis siligorensis), 465. Chestnut Myotis (Myotis badius), 466. Ridley’s Myotis (Myotis ridleyi), 467. Thick-thumbed Myotis (Myotis rosseti), 468. Horsfield’s Myotis (Myotis horsfieldii), 469. Pallid Large-footed Myotis (Myotis macrotarsus), 470. Stalker’s Myotis (Myotis stalkeri), 471. Gray Large-footed Myotis (Myotis adversus), 472. Maluku Myotis (Myotis moluccarum), 473. Southern Myotis (Myotis macropus), 474. Lesser Large-footed Myotis (Myotis hasseltii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398948/files/figure.png" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">450.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1517,1821,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1415,2284,543,668]" box="[1517,1821,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<heading box="[1517,1821,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1517,1821,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Frosted Myotis</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1872,2196,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1415,2284,543,668]" box="[1872,2196,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<heading box="[1872,2196,543,589]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoshiyuki" authorityYear="1971" box="[1872,2196,543,589]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1872,2196,543,589]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Myotis pruinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1415,2284,543,668]" box="[1417,2282,607,628]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<heading box="[1417,2282,607,628]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1417,1493,607,628]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1502,1614,607,628]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Murin givré</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1635,1727,607,628]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1736,1973,607,628]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Honshu-Bartfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1994,2086,607,628]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[2095,2282,607,628]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Ratonero de Japén</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1415,2284,543,668]" box="[1416,1907,646,667]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<heading box="[1416,1907,646,667]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1416,1664,646,667]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1674,1907,646,667]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Blackish \Whiskered Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[2028,2624,715,1143]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2029,2184,715,748]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Yoshiyuki, 1971" authorityName="Yoshiyuki" authorityYear="1971" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">Myotis pruinosus Yoshiyuki, 1971</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[2028,2624,715,1143]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319407" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
Geto Hot Spring, Waga-Machi, Waga-Gun,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2161,2404,802,827]" country="Japan" name="Iwate" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Iwate prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
, north-eastern Honshu,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2155,2243,832,865]" name="Japan" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[2028,2624,715,1143]" lastBlockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
Subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2206,2291,873,906]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[2338,2486,873,906]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montivagus">montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2132,2179,912,945]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">See</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[2191,2369,912,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectans">M. annectans</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most recent phylogenetic studies show that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoshiyuki" authorityYear="1971" box="[2443,2624,952,985]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">M. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maeda & Matsumura" authorityYear="1998" box="[2188,2384,996,1025]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="963" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanbarensis">M. yanbarensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2458,2623,996,1025]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">M. secundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and more distantly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[2475,2623,1031,1064]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montivagus">montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Ancestral
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoshiyuki" authorityYear="1971" box="[2432,2623,1070,1103]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">M. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maeda & Matsumura" authorityYear="1998" box="[2093,2289,1110,1143]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanbarensis">M. yanbarensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
might have adapted to warm temperatures, with probable origin in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2041,2186,1148,1181]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">South-east</collectingRegion>
|
||
Asia. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1414,2556,1192,1221]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398890" box="[1414,2556,1192,1221]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398890/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" targetBox="[1413,2005,722,1128]" targetPageId="199">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" box="[1414,2556,1192,1221]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1414,1591,1192,1221]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1768,1855,1192,1221]" name="Japan" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, recorded from Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu Is.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1414,1663,1235,1260]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity box="[1845,1987,1235,1260]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="40.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="37.0">37-44 mm</quantity>
|
||
,tail
|
||
<quantity box="[2061,2210,1235,1260]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="33.0">33-40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 10-3-13-
|
||
<quantity box="[2398,2481,1235,1260]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 7-5—8-
|
||
<quantity box="[1504,1583,1271,1300]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity box="[1721,1868,1271,1300]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="30.0">30-34 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity box="[1984,2059,1271,1300]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="g" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4-7 g</quantity>
|
||
. Fur dense, velvety, and short (c.5-
|
||
<quantity box="[2538,2619,1271,1300]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length on middle of back). Dorsum is dark grayish brown, conspicuously frosted with ashy or whitish tips. Venteris slightly lighter than dorsum,frosted with buffy hair tips in adults and whitish in young. Ears are narrow and short; tragusis relatively short (5-
|
||
<quantity box="[1457,1577,1428,1457]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5-7 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Hindfeet with claws are large (c.64% oftibia); lower leg is slender. Plaglopatagium is attached at base offirst toe. Tail and calcar are long, and calcar lacks keel. Skull has broad zygomatic breadth (zygomatic width ¢.65% of condylo-basal length) and narrow interorbital constriction (width ¢.50% of braincase). In dorsal view, braincase is laterally swollen; sagittal and temporal crests are poorly developed; and lambdoid crestis laterally strong. Dorsal profile from anterior nasal part to posterior nasal region is almoststraight and then rises abruptly to frontal region. I? and I? have secondary cusps and are subequal in height and crown area, distance between I* and canine narrower than transverse diameter of I’; P? and P*® are similar in shape, the latter c.33% the former in crown area and height and positioned in tooth row. Upper molars have distinct protoconules. There are three pairs of lower incisors; I, is larger than I, and I, forming V-shaped row between canines. P, and P, are subequal in size and in tooth row. Condylo-basal lengths are 12-12-
|
||
<quantity box="[2129,2213,1899,1932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maxillary tooth row lengths are 4-9-5-
|
||
<quantity box="[1554,1641,1938,1971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 52. The Frosted
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1412,1502,1978,2011]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has pericentric inversion on chromosome 1. Y-chromosome is submetacentric, and X-chromosomeis subtelocentric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1411,1523,2057,2090]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Intact mature primary mountain forests down to elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[2451,2610,2057,2090]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200-300 m</quantity>
|
||
. The Frosted
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1594,1684,2096,2129]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was assumed to be more widely distributed in warm temperature evergreen lowland broadleaf forests on south-western Japanese plains, but it is presently absent due to lack of large trees containing crevices and cavities and survives only in low-elevation mountains that contain nearly mature forests with tree holes for roosting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1410,1912,2292,2325]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" box="[1410,1912,2292,2325]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1410,1672,2292,2325]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1410,2318,2332,2365]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" box="[1410,2318,2332,2365]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1410,1545,2332,2365]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Parturition occurs in mid-July. Litter size is one young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1408,1649,2372,2405]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Frosted
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1858,1948,2372,2405]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been observed flying along forest edges, trails, and streams and above grasslands at night. There are no records from caves except for one hibernating individual from Shikoku, which was found in a crack in the ceiling. Tree hollows are primary diurnal refuges. Echolocation call is FM type, with average end frequency of 38-7 kHz (33—41-8 kHz), peak frequency of 52-4 kHz (49-7-54-7 kHz), and duration of 2:8 milliseconds (2-6-3 milliseconds).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1409,2350,2608,2641]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" box="[1409,2350,2608,2641]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1409,2111,2608,2641]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1409,1766,2648,2681]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Extent of occurrence of the Frosted Myotisis less than
|
||
<quantity box="[2055,2177,2688,2721]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="199" pageNumber="961" unit="km" value="5000.0">5000 km</quantity>
|
||
?, whichis severely fragmented and faces ongoing decline of mature forests. Deforestation of old-growth evergreen forests for agriculture, conifer plantations, logging, and infrastructure development for expanding human settlements is a major threat. It occurs in some protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="199" pageNumber="961" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="199.[1408,2621,1148,2996]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1409,1562,2854,2879]" pageId="199" pageNumber="961">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Abe et al. (2005), Amadoretal. (2018), Corbet (1978), Funakoshi (2010), Harada & Uchida (1982), Horacek et al. (2000), Kawai et al. (2003), Koopman (1994), Maeda (2008f), Ohdachi et al. (2009), Ruedi, Csorba et al. (2015), Ruedi, Stadelmann etal. (2013), Simmons (2005), Tsytsulina (2004), Volleth & Heller (2012), Yoshiyuki (1971, 1989), Zhang Zhenzhen et al. (2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |