245 lines
23 KiB
XML
245 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF3A6A85FF8693F2183FBF37" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis dasycneme" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="955" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="955" updateTime="1658491128239" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577893" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF3A6A85FF8693F2183FBF37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF3A6A85FF8693F2183FBF37" lastPageNumber="955" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<subSubSection box="[122,205,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="193.[120,967,1451,1580]" box="[122,205,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<heading box="[122,205,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<figureCitation box="[122,205,1451,1501]" captionStart="Plate 72: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="187.[130,160,3289,3314]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,20,3661]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="420. Herman's Myotis (Myotis hermani), 421. Bartels’s Myotis (Myotis bartelii), 422. Weber’s Myotis (Myotis weberi), 423. Orange-fingered Myotis (Myotis rufopictus), 424. Black-and-orange Myotis (Myotis formosus), 425. Geoftroy’s Myotis (Myotis emarginatus), 426. Temminck's. 3 Myotis (Myotis tricolor), 427. Welwitsch’s Myotis (Myotis welwitschii), 428. Reddish-black Myotis (Myotis rufoniger), 429. Scott's Myotis (Myotis scotti), 430. Morris's Myotis (Myotis morrisi), 431. Bocage’ Myotis (Myotis bocagii), 432. Malagasy Myotis (Myotis goudotii), 433. Anjouan Myotis (Myotis anjouanensis), 434. Kock’s Myotis (Myotis dieteri), 435. Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis (Myotis alcathoe), 436. Hyrcanian Myotis (Myotis hyrcanicus), 437. Pond Myotis (Myotis dasycneme), 438. Ikonnikov’ ' s Myotis (Myotis tkonnikovi), 439. Sichuan Myous (Myotis altarium), 440. Common Whiskered Myotis (Myotis mystacinus), 441. David’s Myotis (Myotis davidii), 442. Valley Myotis (Myotis ancricola), 443. Anna Tess’s Myotis (Myotis annatessae), 444. Gomantong Myotis (Myotis gomantongensis), 445. Peters’s Myotis (Myotis ater), 446. Nepalese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis muricola), 447. Brown’s Whiskered Myotis (Myotis browni), 448. Insular Myotis (Myotis insularum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398946/files/figure.png" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">437.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[222,480,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="193.[120,967,1451,1580]" box="[222,480,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<heading box="[222,480,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<vernacularName box="[222,480,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Pond Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[533,865,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="193.[120,967,1451,1580]" box="[533,865,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<heading box="[533,865,1451,1501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[533,865,1451,1501]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycneme">
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<emphasis box="[533,865,1451,1501]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Myotis dasycneme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="193.[120,967,1451,1580]" box="[122,966,1519,1540]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<heading box="[122,966,1519,1540]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,198,1519,1540]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[207,380,1519,1540]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Murin des marais</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[402,492,1519,1540]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[498,661,1519,1540]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Teichfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[681,773,1519,1540]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[783,966,1519,1540]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Ratonero lagunero</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="193.[120,967,1451,1580]" box="[122,467,1559,1580]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<heading box="[122,467,1559,1580]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,369,1559,1580]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[379,467,1559,1580]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Pond Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[733,1324,1626,1659]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="193.[728,1327,1626,2054]" box="[733,1324,1626,1659]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[733,889,1626,1659]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Boie, 1825" authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1825" box="[903,1319,1626,1659]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycneme">Vespertilio dasycneme Boie, 1825</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[728,993,1670,1699]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="193.[728,1327,1626,2054]" box="[728,993,1670,1699]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319779" box="[728,993,1670,1699]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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Jutland,
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<collectingCountry box="[854,989,1670,1699]" name="Denmark" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="193.[728,1327,1626,2054]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[894,979,1705,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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; sole member of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1825" box="[736,866,1745,1778]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycneme">dasycneme</taxonomicName>
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species group. The relationship of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1825" box="[852,1036,1784,1817]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycneme">M. dasycneme</taxonomicName>
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to other species in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[931,1015,1824,1857]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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is relatively uncertain and there do not appear to be any species closely related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1825" box="[978,1157,1903,1936]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycneme">M. dasycneme</taxonomicName>
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, supporting the recognition of its monospecific species group. The forms
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[1018,1091,1982,2015]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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and lmnophilus are synonyms of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1825" box="[970,1101,2021,2054]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycneme">dasycneme</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398857/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" targetBox="[118,710,1637,2052]" targetPageId="193">
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<paragraph blockId="193.[116,1325,2065,3474]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[120,296,2065,2094]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C & E Europe, from S
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<collectingCountry box="[625,732,2065,2094]" name="Sweden" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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to N
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<collectingCountry box="[812,909,2065,2094]" name="France" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[926,1056,2065,2094]" name="Germany" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Germany</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[1127,1227,2065,2094]" name="Poland" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Poland</collectingCountry>
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, and E to Yenisei River in C
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<collectingCountry box="[415,504,2100,2133]" name="Russia" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Russia</collectingCountry>
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; isolated populations in
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<collectingCountry box="[854,977,2100,2133]" name="Hungary" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[994,1122,2100,2133]" name="Romania" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Romania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1139,1255,2100,2133]" name="Ukraine" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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, and N
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<collectingCountry box="[153,315,2138,2171]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="193.[116,1325,2065,3474]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[120,380,2179,2212]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity box="[572,725,2179,2212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="57.0">57-68 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[798,952,2179,2212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="46.0">46-51 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[1028,1180,2179,2212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17-18 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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||
<quantity box="[122,274,2218,2251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11-12 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity box="[420,573,2218,2251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="43.0">43-49 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
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||
<quantity box="[698,810,2218,2251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="g" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13-18 g</quantity>
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. Fur is shaggy. Dorsal pelage of the Pond
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[209,302,2257,2290]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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is brown to grayish brown; ventral pelage is lighter gray to yellowish white. Bare face and arms are brown and ears and membranes are grayish brown; there are characteristic dark warts on sides of snout. Ears are relatively short with no notch on outer edge; tragus is shorter than one-half the ear height and is relatively broad compared to congeners. Wings attach at heel and feet are large and strong with long bristles (similar to the Long-fingered
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[936,1032,2454,2487]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
, M.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1102,1242,2454,2487]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capaccinii">capaccinii</taxonomicName>
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). Calcar is straight but comparatively short, only extending one-third the way to tailtip. Skull has relatively flat forehead region and comparatively well-developed sagittal crest near posterior portion of cranium. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 52 (
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<collectingCountry box="[338,438,2616,2645]" name="Russia" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Russia</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph blockId="193.[116,1325,2065,3474]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[119,230,2652,2685]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Pond
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[396,486,2652,2685]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
occurs from sea level up to
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||
<quantity box="[894,997,2652,2685]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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, almost always strongly dependent on aquatic habitats, such as canals, rivers, streams, lakes or ponds; commonly by slow-flowing, broad rivers. During summerit occurs in lowland meadows and forests but it moves to the foothills during autumn and winter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="193.[116,1325,2065,3474]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[119,380,2809,2842]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Commonly seen hunting on canals,rivers or lakes, especially those with open banks. The Pond
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[538,628,2849,2882]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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is one of the few species specialized in feeding above open,still water surfaces using a trawling foraging strategy, involving the uropatagium. This foraging strategy allows it to capture prey straight off still water surfaces, even emerging chironomid midges. It tendsto fly a little higher and faster (
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||
<quantity box="[1193,1284,2967,3000]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7-9 m</quantity>
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/s) than Daubenton’s
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[388,478,3007,3040]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[504,707,3007,3040]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">M. daubentonii</taxonomicName>
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) or the Long-fingered
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1048,1140,3007,3040]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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, thus preferring clutter-free banks. This species sometimes forages at forest edge and over meadows, and sporadically even over the sea, during the mass emergence of small crabs. It feeds mainly on aquatic insects such as gnats, mosquitoes and caddisflies over water, and beetles and moths at forest edge.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="193.[116,1325,2065,3474]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,253,3204,3237]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Maternity colonies usually harbor less than a hundred females, but in few cases, can number up to 750; males rarely form colonies of more than a few dozen. Females became sexually active during their second year. Sometimes, two young are born. Life span reported to be up to 21 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="193.[116,1325,2065,3474]" lastBlockId="193.[1398,2605,287,1030]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[116,351,3362,3395]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Roosts tend to be in houses or other old buildings, in attics, churches or empty cavities in roofs; only occasionally in trees, rock crevices, or bat boxes. Colonies of several thousand roosting together have occasionally been found in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1182,1317,3441,3474]" name="Denmark" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Echolocation calls resemble the typical pulses of all European
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2281,2365,287,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with broadband FM signals,starting at 65-85 kHz and ending at 25-35 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="193.[1398,2605,287,1030]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,2118,365,398]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2133,2185,365,398]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
a long-distance migrant, but it can migrate from lowlands to low mountains. During hibernation, it tends to shift roosts, and roosts either individually or in small clusters, in cellars, caves or bunkers. Winter roosts tend to be separated from summer ones by distances of
|
||
<quantity box="[2380,2549,483,516]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="km" value="225.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="100.0">100-350 km</quantity>
|
||
; for commuting between thesites the species needs quality forest for connecting corridors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="193.[1398,2605,287,1030]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1752,562,595]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. There are no estimates but populations are suspected to have slumped in recent decades, especially in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1578,1806,640,673]" name="Netherlands" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
; now one of rarest bat species in Europe. Continued degradation of aquatic habitats, water pollution and destruction of riparian habitats might compromise its survival in the near future; roost disturbance and loss are also
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[2523,2605,719,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
threats, and many of the known maternity colonies have been lost in recent decades. More information is needed from the eastern part ofits distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="193.[1398,2605,287,1030]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1553,847,872]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Britton et al. (1997), Ciechanowski & Zapart (2012), Ciechanowski, Sachanowicz & Kokurewicz (2007), Ciechanowski, Zapart et al. (2017), Hutson et al. (2001), Krlger et al. (2012), Kuijper et al. (2008), Leeuwangh & Volte (1985), Limpens et al. (2000), Orlova & Zapart (2012), Pacifici et al. (2013), Piraccini (2016f), Reinhold et al. (1999), Roer (2001),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1796,1834,970,991]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Sijpe et al. (2004), Verboom et al. (1999), Volleth & Heller (2012), Volte et al. (1974).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |