268 lines
27 KiB
XML
268 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF2B6A94FF519A191646B622" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis hasseltii" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="970" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="970" updateTime="1658412944878" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577956" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF2B6A94FF519A191646B622" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF2B6A94FF519A191646B622" lastPageNumber="970" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<subSubSection box="[173,256,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="208.[171,1305,3136,3269]" box="[173,256,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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||
<heading box="[173,256,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<figureCitation box="[173,256,3136,3186]" captionStart="Plate 73: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="199.[131,161,3286,3311]" captionTargetBox="[12,2760,18,3659]" captionTargetPageId="198" captionText="449. Hairy-faced Myotis (Myotis annectans), 450. Frosted Myotis (Myotis pruinosus), 451. Yanbaru Whiskered Myotis (Myotis yanbarensis), 452. Long-toed Myotis (Myotis secundus), 453. Bornean Whiskered Myotis (Myotis borneoensis), 454. Malaysian Whiskered Myotis (Myotis federatus), 455. Indochinese Myotis (Myotis indochinensis), 456. Peyton’s Myotis (Myotis peytoni), 457. Burmese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis montivagus), 458. Long-fingered Myotis (Myotis capaccinii), 459. Chinese Water Myotis (Myotis laniger), 460. Csorba’s Myotis (Myotis csorbai), 461. Kashmir Cave Myotis (Myotis longipes), 462. Annamit Myotis (Myotis annamiticus), 463. Phan Luong’s Myotis (Myotis phanluongi), 464. Himalayan Whiskered Myotis (Myotis siligorensis), 465. Chestnut Myotis (Myotis badius), 466. Ridley’s Myotis (Myotis ridleyi), 467. Thick-thumbed Myotis (Myotis rosseti), 468. Horsfield’s Myotis (Myotis horsfieldii), 469. Pallid Large-footed Myotis (Myotis macrotarsus), 470. Stalker’s Myotis (Myotis stalkeri), 471. Gray Large-footed Myotis (Myotis adversus), 472. Maluku Myotis (Myotis moluccarum), 473. Southern Myotis (Myotis macropus), 474. Lesser Large-footed Myotis (Myotis hasseltii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398948/files/figure.png" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">474.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[273,833,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="208.[171,1305,3136,3269]" box="[273,833,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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||
<heading box="[273,833,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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||
<vernacularName box="[273,833,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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Lesser Large-footed
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[699,833,3136,3186]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[885,1171,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="208.[171,1305,3136,3269]" box="[885,1171,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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||
<heading box="[885,1171,3136,3186]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[885,1171,3136,3186]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasseltii">
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<emphasis box="[885,1171,3136,3186]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Myotis hasseltii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="208.[171,1305,3136,3269]" box="[173,1087,3204,3225]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<heading box="[173,1087,3204,3225]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,248,3204,3225]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[258,429,3204,3225]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Murin de Hasselt</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[450,540,3204,3225]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[547,762,3204,3225]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Van-Hasselt-Mausohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,873,3204,3225]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[884,1087,3204,3225]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Ratonero de Hasselt</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="208.[171,1305,3136,3269]" box="[172,1304,3244,3265]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<heading box="[172,1304,3244,3265]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,419,3244,3265]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[429,535,3244,3265]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Brown Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[549,851,3244,3265]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Hasselt's Large-footed Myotis</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[865,1120,3244,3265]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Lesser Large-toothed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1130,1304,3244,3265]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<collectingRegion box="[1130,1165,3244,3265]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Van</collectingRegion>
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Hasselt's Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[172,1204,3311,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="208.[170,1206,3311,3352]" box="[172,1204,3311,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,327,3311,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" box="[343,819,3311,3344]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasseltii">Vespertilio hasseltii Temminck, 1840</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319402" box="[835,1204,3311,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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“
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<collectingRegion box="[849,957,3311,3344]" country="Indonesia" name="Banten" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Bantam</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingRegion box="[981,1043,3311,3344]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Java</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1060,1201,3311,3344]" name="Indonesia" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="208.[2063,2655,273,700]" lastBlockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2213,2297,273,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[2318,2440,273,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfieldii">horsfieldii</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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<collectingRegion box="[2063,2110,313,346]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">See</collectingRegion>
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M. ridley: and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[2319,2487,313,346]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macropus">M. macropus</taxonomicName>
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. In the past some taxa (abbotti and macellus), now included under M.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" box="[2313,2413,395,424]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasseltii">hasseltii</taxonomicName>
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, have been treated as distinct species, treated as subspecies (continentis) of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[2273,2428,474,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adversus">M. adversus</taxonomicName>
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, or listed as subspecies (abbotti) under
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[2385,2541,510,543]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adversus">M. adversus</taxonomicName>
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. A comprehensive study (including all subspecies across its distribution) is needed to resolve its limits within the current subspecies concept and relationship to
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[2485,2649,667,700]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adversus">M. adversus</taxonomicName>
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. Four subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398964/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" targetBox="[1447,2039,285,699]" targetPageId="208">
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<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1850,746,779]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority=": Temminck, 1840" authorityName=": Temminck" authorityYear="1840" box="[1451,1865,785,818]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hasseltii" subSpecies="hasselti">M.h.hasselti:Temminck,1840—MalayPeninsula(includingoffshoreLangkawiI),RiauArchipelago,SWSumatra(BukitBarisanSelatanNationalPark),Java,andSumbawaI.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" box="[1451,2204,872,897]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Lyon, 1916" authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1916" box="[1451,1777,872,897]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hasseltii" subSpecies="abbotti">M.h.abbottiLyon,1916—MentawaiIs,offWSumatra.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" box="[1450,2326,904,937]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Shamel, 1942" authorityName="Shamel" authorityYear="1942" box="[1450,1864,904,937]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hasseltii" subSpecies="continentis">M.h.continentisShamel,1942—patchilydistributedinSEAsia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" box="[1450,1888,947,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hasseltii" subSpecies="macellus">M. h. macellus Temminck, 1840</taxonomicName>
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— Borneo, also E
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<collectingCountry box="[2148,2221,947,976]" name="India" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[2244,2421,947,976]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
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) and
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<collectingCountry box="[2510,2648,947,976]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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; but S Asian populations are assigned to the nominate subspecies by some authors. One record from S
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<collectingCountry box="[1727,1812,1030,1055]" name="China" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[1834,1949,1030,1055]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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), subspecies not known.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1700,1069,1094]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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||
<quantity box="[1888,2039,1069,1094]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="mm" value="52.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="44.0">44-60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity box="[2111,2261,1069,1094]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="35.0">35-43 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 19-
|
||
<quantity box="[2381,2513,1069,1094]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="8.0">8-21 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity box="[1450,1581,1101,1134]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9-11 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity box="[1719,1867,1101,1134]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="37.0">37-43 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity box="[1984,2103,1101,1134]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="g" value="66.0" valueMax="125.0" valueMin="7.0">7-125 g</quantity>
|
||
. Upperparts of the Lesser Large-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1450,1540,1140,1173]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are dark brown to dark gray, with grizzled gray to buffy brown hair tips and dark brown to black hair bases. Underparts are tipped grayish white, with dark bases. Fur short and velvety, it appears silvery when illuminated in flight at night. Face and muzzle are thinly haired, exposing pinkish skin. Ears are large and dark brown, with bluntly pointed tips. Feet are large and attached at ankles or tibiae, more or less opposite bases of calcars. Wing and uropatagium are pale brown. Skull is larger and robust. Braincase is bulbous, broad (8-8-
|
||
<quantity box="[1912,2002,1377,1410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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||
), and almost spherical in outline. Sagittal crest is visible posteriorly; lambdoid crests are present. Zygomata are moderately robust. Rostrum is robust and broad. Coronoid process of each mandible is very well developed and greatly exceeds canine in height. C' is robust and broad and greatly exceeds P* in height. P? is very small and displaced inward so that P* and P* are in contact or nearly so. C, exceeds P, in height and crown area. P, is very small; it is one-third to one-half the crown area of P, and is usually situated in tooth row but can be displaced internally. Condylo-basal lengths are 14—15-
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||
<quantity box="[2063,2143,1654,1687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
; maxillary tooth row length are 5-7— 6-
|
||
<quantity box="[1475,1559,1697,1726]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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||
. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 52 (
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<collectingCountry box="[2334,2461,1697,1726]" name="Malaysia" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1561,1733,1766]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The Lesser Large-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1920,2010,1733,1766]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
prefers dry forests (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2288,2423,1733,1766]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
) but also coastal and mangrove forests, associated with open water (e.g. lakes, rivers, and coastal areas), from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity box="[1945,2055,1812,1845]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
. The Lesser Large-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2428,2518,1812,1845]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported in large cities (e.g. Rangoon and Bangkok).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1716,1890,1923]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Lesser Large-footed Myotisis a low flier, hunting over water surfaces by dipping its large feet into the water. It feeds on small insects (e.g. mosquitoes, gnats, flies, and moths). In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1902,2021,1969,2002]" name="Malaysia" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it frequented mangrove forests and was seen feeding below treetop level, often flying low over surface of the water to the edge of the sea. Diet included Lepidopteran wing scales. In Rangoon and Bangkok, it has been seen hawking for insects and fish over small ponds and lakes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1584,2127,2160]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1639,1757,2127,2160]" name="Malaysia" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Langkawi Island), adult females have been lactating or in advanced pregnancy in earlyJanuary. Females carry one fetus. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2321,2443,2167,2200]" name="Vietnam" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sexually active males with enlarged testes were found roosting with pregnant and lactating females in April; there are apparently no regular nursing colonies. On
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2296,2432,2246,2279]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two young and a subadult were recorded in September, suggesting breeding in August-September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1687,2324,2357]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Lesser Large-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2000,2090,2324,2357]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are nocturnal and roost in crevices of rocks. In Pulau Langkawi, it roosted in limestone caves. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2281,2404,2372,2397]" name="Thailand" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,it roosted inside cut bamboos used as the floor of forest dwellings. Calls are steeply FM without any CF component. Calls (durations 2-5-5-5 milliseconds) start at c.82-104 kHz and sweep down to 23-30 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,2177,2522,2555]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Lesser Large-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2564,2654,2522,2555]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
roosts in large numbers. A colony of 25 individuals of both sexes was found in a crack in a large boulder on the foreshore, isolated at high tide. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2348,2487,2601,2634]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Lesser Large-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1640,1730,2640,2673]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
roosts alone or in small groups in bamboo clumps, cracks in tree trunks, and abandoned buildings. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1991,2123,2679,2712]" name="Myanmar" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a colony of ten Lesser Large-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1449,1539,2719,2752]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="208" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
roosted in a meter box located in a single-story, wooden office building on the bank of the Kispanadi River at the foot of a low, tree-covered hill.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1792,2798,2831]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Lesser Large-footed Myotisis widespread, presumably has a large population, occurs in a number of protected areas, and is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category. In South Asia,its habitat is being deforested for timber, firewood, agricultural use, and human settlements, but it seemsto tolerate some habitat modification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="970" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="208.[1447,2658,710,3344]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1602,3004,3029]" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Amador et al. (2018), Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Hendrichsen et al. (1999), Bates, Hutson, Carino et al. (2008), Bates, Nwe Tin et al. (2005), Boitani et al. (2006), Borisenko & Kruskop (2003), Corbet & Hill (1992), Dobson (1878), Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951), Francis (2008a), Heller (1989), Heller & Volleth (1989), Hill (1983), Honacki et al. (1982), Koopman (1993, 1994), Kruskop (2013a), Lekagul & McNeely (1988), Lim et al. (2017),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1561,1654,3162,3187]" country="United Kingdom" name="Medway" pageId="208" pageNumber="970">Medway</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1983), MOE (2012), Molur et al. (2002), Payne et al. (1985), Pearch & Writer (2009), Pearch et al. (2003), Phillips (1935, 1980), Ruedi & Mayer (2001), Ruedi et al. (2013), Shamel (1942), Simmons (2005), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2012), Stadelmann, Jacobs etal. (2004), Stadelmann, Lin Liangkong et al. (2007), Tate (1941d), Thompson & Fenton (1982), Topal (1974), Volleth & Heller (2012), Wellappulli-Arachchi et al. (2014), Yapa & Ratnavira (2013), Zhang Libiao, Zhang Jinshuo et al. (2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |