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<mods:title>Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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Brahman White-bellied Rat (Nwwwventer brahma), 641. Smoke-bellied White-bellied Rat (Niwviwventer eha), 643. Sichuan White-bellied Rat (Nwwvwenter excelsior), 645. Hainan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer lotipes), 646. Himalayan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer niviventer), 647. Spiny Taiwan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer coninga), 648. Soft-furred Taiwan White-bellied Rat (Niwvwenter culturatus), 649. Cameron Highlands White-bellied Rat (Nivrventer cameron), 650. Indochinese White-bellied (Rat Nwvwenterfulvescens), 651. Bukit White-bellied Rat (Niviventer bukit), 652. Confucian White-bellied Rat (Niviventer confucianus), 653. Limestone White-bellied Rat (Niviventer hinpoon), 654. [MISSING], 655. [MISSING], 657. Montane Javan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer lepturus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888313/files/figure.png" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">646.</figureCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="217.[169,1357,2721,2845]" box="[270,871,2721,2767]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<vernacularName box="[270,871,2721,2767]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Himalayan White-bellied Rat</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[922,1321,2721,2767]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="217.[169,1357,2721,2845]" box="[922,1321,2721,2767]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[922,1321,2721,2767]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niviventer">
<emphasis box="[922,1321,2721,2767]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Niviventer niviventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="217.[169,1357,2721,2845]" box="[170,1357,2784,2805]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,246,2784,2805]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[256,434,2784,2805]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Rat a ventre blanc</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[455,545,2784,2805]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[555,878,2784,2805]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">GroRe Himalaya-\WeiRbauchratte</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[900,991,2784,2805]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[1000,1357,2784,2805]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Rata de vientre blanco del Himalaya</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="217.[169,1357,2721,2845]" box="[169,1315,2824,2845]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,416,2824,2845]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[426,626,2824,2845]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Common Niviventer</vernacularName>
, 
<vernacularName box="[639,910,2824,2845]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Common White-bellied Rat</vernacularName>
, 
<vernacularName box="[924,1134,2824,2845]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Himalayan Niviventer</vernacularName>
, 
<vernacularName box="[1144,1315,2824,2845]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">White-bellied Rat</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection box="[782,1371,2891,2925]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="217.[781,1372,2891,3317]" box="[782,1371,2891,2925]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,937,2891,2925]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Hodgson, 1836" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1836" box="[950,1366,2891,2925]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niviventer">Mus niviventer Hodgson, 1836</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[783,872,2929,2963]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="217.[781,1372,2891,3317]" box="[783,872,2929,2963]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424592" box="[783,868,2929,2963]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Nepal</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="217.[781,1372,2891,3317]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
Throughout most ofits taxonomic history, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1836" box="[856,1031,3017,3042]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niviventer">N. niviventer</taxonomicName>
has been recognized as wide ranging, with many species recognized within 
<taxonomicName box="[969,1106,3092,3121]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Niviventer</taxonomicName>
variously included as synonyms and subspecies. Recent studies have restricted 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1836" box="[1061,1238,3170,3199]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niviventer">N. niviventer</taxonomicName>
to populations around the Himalayas, leaving other populations throughout the Oriental region to be broken up into various
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="217.[168,1375,3328,3475]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
species. Phylogenetic position of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1836" box="[660,837,3328,3357]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niviventer">N. niviventer</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName box="[888,1025,3328,3357]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Niviventer</taxonomicName>
is still debatable. Some studies have found it close to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wroughton" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[600,685,3371,3396]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Niwviwventer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eha">N. eha</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[738,879,3371,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Epimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brahma">N. brahma</taxonomicName>
, and it could very well be sister to a clade containing both ofthem. It has also been found that this clade (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1836" box="[1199,1375,3406,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niviventer">N. niviventer</taxonomicName>
and N. e¢ha or 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[370,510,3450,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Epimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brahma">N. brahma</taxonomicName>
) may be sister to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[769,910,3450,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenaster">N. tenaster</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[928,1072,3450,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coninga">N. coninga</taxonomicName>
, and N. lotipes. More
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
research is needed to determine phylogenetic position of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1836" box="[2290,2463,296,325]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niviventer">N. niviventer</taxonomicName>
in the genus. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="distribution">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6888294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888294/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" startId="217.[1452,1623,375,404]" targetBox="[167,758,2897,3311]" targetPageId="217">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1627,375,404]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Distribution.</emphasis>
N &amp; NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, recent record from N Vietnam (Lao Cai Province), and possibly SW China (Guangxi).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1451,1704,450,484]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 133-160 mm, tail ¢.212 mm on average. No specific data are available for body weight. The Himalayan White-bellied Rat is small and relatively vibrant. Pelage is soft. Dorsum is ruby red, occasionally with rusty hue (pelage is less bright than in the Indochinese White-bellied Rat, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[2257,2429,573,602]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvescens">N. fulvescens</taxonomicName>
). Venter is pure white, without any yellowish hue, but some specimens have brown or yellowish brown spot on their chest or neck. Tail is ¢.145%of head-body length, rigid, and bicolored, brown above and paler below, with completely unicolored tip. Tops offorefeet and hindfeet have brownstripe running down centers; fingers and sides offeet are white. Ears are dark brown; vibrissae are long. There are five digits on each foot, with fifth digit reduced with small claw. Skull is small, without prominent bony ridges, elongated, narrow, and broader than skulls ofthe Indochinese White-bellied Rat and the South China White-bellied Rat (
<taxonomicName box="[1902,2032,888,917]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huang">N. huang</taxonomicName>
). There are four pairs of mammae: one pectoral, one post-axillary, one abdominal, and oneinguinal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1560,971,996]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Habitat.</emphasis>
Temperate coniferous forests, broadleafforests, and tropical and subtropical evergreen and riverine forests near streams at elevations up to 3600 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1713,1041,1075]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Himalayan White-bellied Rat probably eats seeds, leaves, and possibly arthropods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="breeding">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1583,1124,1153]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Breeding.</emphasis>
One study involving captive Himalayan White-bellied Rats showedthat newborns weighed 2-8 g on average and highest mortality rate occurred during the first five days after birth. Young opened their eyes after 18-22 days, were weaned after 25-30 days, and became independent c.1 week after being weaned.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="activity">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1682,1282,1311]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Himalayan White-bellied Rat is nocturnal, fossorial, and mainly terrestrial, although it may also be semi-arboreal. It is probably sympatric with the Indochinese White-bellied Rat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1449,2387,1399,1428]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" box="[1449,2387,1399,1428]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,2148,1399,1428]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1796,1439,1468]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Himalayan White-bellied Rat has a wide distribution and presumably stable and large overall population. Habitat loss and fragmentation through fires, jhuming (shifting cultivation), and general human encroachment are 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hatt" authorityYear="1934" box="[2093,2174,1557,1586]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Thamnomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="217" pageNumber="822" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
threats. It is listed as a pest under Schedule V ofthe Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="217" pageNumber="822" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph blockId="217.[1447,2655,296,1744]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1601,1645,1666]" pageId="217" pageNumber="822">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Balakirev &amp; Rozhnov (2010), Balakirev et al. (2011), Bao Yixin et al. (1992), Ellerman (1941, 1961), He Kai &amp; Jiang Xuelong (2015), Lu Liang et al. (2015), Molur (2016g), Molur et al. (2005), Musser (1981a), Musser &amp; Carleton (2005).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>