198 lines
21 KiB
XML
198 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887260" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_matCits="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1656696812616" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="1E30E27534FDFF4CE19126A971968FDC" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Muridae_0536.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Niviventer confucianus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="824" masterDocId="E2099A0D3426FF97E1372C0977498313" masterDocTitle="Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="884" masterPageNumber="536" pageNumber="824" updateTime="1658538965639" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>536</mods:start>
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<mods:end>884</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-04-6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6887260</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6868915" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197825797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6868915" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E27534FDFF4CE19126A971968FDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E27534FDFF4CE19126A971968FDC" lastPageNumber="824" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<subSubSection box="[166,248,2720,2766]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[164,1347,2720,2845]" box="[166,248,2720,2766]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">652.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[266,859,2720,2766]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[164,1347,2720,2845]" box="[266,859,2720,2766]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Confucian White-bellied Rat</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[909,1347,2720,2766]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[164,1347,2720,2845]" box="[909,1347,2720,2766]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[909,1347,2720,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">
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<emphasis box="[909,1347,2720,2766]" italics="true" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Niviventer confucianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[164,1347,2720,2845]" box="[165,1297,2784,2805]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">French: Rat de Confusius / German: Chinesische Weil3bauchratte / Spanish: Rata de vientre blanco de Confucio</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="219.[164,1347,2720,2845]" box="[164,1302,2824,2845]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Other common names: Chinese Niviventer, Chinese White-bellied Rat, Confucian Niviventer, Sulphur-bellied Rat</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[777,1369,2895,3317]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[777,932,2895,2924]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Milne-Edwards, 1871" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">Mus confucianus Milne-Edwards, 1871</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[777,1369,2895,3317]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424831" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">“Setchuan [= Szechwan, China].”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[777,1369,2895,3317]" lastBlockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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Interspecific and intraspecific taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName box="[821,1025,3048,3082]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">N. confucianus</taxonomicName>
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is rather complex and unresolved. Morphologically, it isclosest to
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[825,975,3131,3160]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenaster">N. tenaster</taxonomicName>
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, but phylogenetic studies have not proven this relationship, nor a strong relationship to any other species or clade within the genus.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[1186,1360,3249,3278]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvescens">N. fulvescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[778,908,3292,3317]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huang">N. huang</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Besar, Jalor" authorityYear="2500" box="[930,1041,3292,3317]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bukit">N. bukit</taxonomicName>
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, N. lotipes, and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="culturatus">N. culturatus</taxonomicName>
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have been variously included in
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<taxonomicName box="[732,931,3323,3357]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">N. confucianus</taxonomicName>
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throughoutits taxonomic history. N. lotipes was placed as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[815,958,3367,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenaster">N. tenaster</taxonomicName>
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, then was given full species status.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[263,433,3402,3436]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvescens">N. fulvescens</taxonomicName>
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is clearly distinct from
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<taxonomicName box="[775,976,3402,3436]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">N. confucianus</taxonomicName>
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based on morphology and genetic data.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Besar, Jalor" authorityYear="2500" box="[362,471,3441,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bukit">N. bukit</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[548,678,3441,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huang">N. huang</taxonomicName>
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also were included in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[1011,1182,3441,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvescens">N. fulvescens</taxonomicName>
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but are now recognized as distinct species.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1902,2081,291,325]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="culturatus">N. culturatus</taxonomicName>
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was most recently split from
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">N. confucianus</taxonomicName>
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based on morphology, which was later validated by genetic data. All these species have been placed under
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1836" box="[1864,2036,370,404]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niviventer">N. niviventer</taxonomicName>
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, but recent phylogenetic and morphological data have shown this to be inaccurate. Eight and ten subspecies of
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<taxonomicName box="[2451,2650,413,442]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">N. confucianus</taxonomicName>
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have been recognized in the past, most recently in 2003. G. G.Musser and M. D. Carleton in 2005 did not recognize any subspecies because of uncertainty over their validity. Recent phylogenetic work found five distinct clades within
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<taxonomicName box="[2439,2642,528,562]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">N. confucianus</taxonomicName>
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, and anotherset of specimens morphologically attributed to
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<taxonomicName box="[2301,2499,567,601]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">N. confucianus</taxonomicName>
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was found in Tibet that did not cluster with these clades. None of the subspecies
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<taxonomicName authority="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, 2017" authorityName="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher" authorityYear="2017" box="[2471,2606,606,640]" form="Proposed" pageId="219" pageNumber="725" rank="form" status="form N.">proposed</taxonomicName>
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by Deng Xianyu and colleagues in 2000 (
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<taxonomicName box="[2010,2172,654,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">confucianus</taxonomicName>
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, sacer, chihliensis, yushuensis, mentosus, naoniuensis, yajiangensis, and deqinesis, but notincluding N. lotipes and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="culturatus">N. culturatus</taxonomicName>
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that were recognized as subspecies by them) matched these clades. Because of continuing uncertainty, additional research is required before subspecies can be definitively recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6888307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888307/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" startId="219.[1444,1616,851,876]" targetBox="[162,753,2897,3310]" targetPageId="219">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1620,851,876]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Distribution.</emphasis>
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NE, C, E, S & SE China, N & E Myanmar, NW Thailand, N Vietnam, and perhaps N Laos.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1710,922,956]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 116-173 mm, tail 194-269 mm, ear 22-28 mm, hindfoot 31-40 mm; weight 43-124 g. The Confucian White-bellied Rat is large and quite variable, with long soft pelage and occasionally flexible spines and black guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is deep chocolate brown to brighter reddish cinnamon brown and is usually shiny, being darkest near center of back and becoming lighter reddish cinnamon toward sides. Venter is creamy whitish to creamy yellowish, sometimes more yellowish around forelegs or hindlegs, and is sharply demarcated from dorsum. Some specimens have small light fulvous brown spot on chest. Tail is 125-135% of head-body length, covered in thin white or creamy hairs that become denser near tip, and distinctly bicolored, being light to medium brown above that tapers off near end to
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<taxonomicName box="[2158,2315,1315,1349]" form="white" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" rank="form">form white</taxonomicName>
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tip and creamy to very light brown below. Ears are dark brown; vibrissae are long. There are five digits on each foot, with fifth digit reduced with small claw. Skull is elongated and narrow and is not gaunt on rostral part, and zygomatic arches parallel sides of braincase. There are four pairs of mammae: one pectoral, one post-axillary, one abdominal, and oneinguinal. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 46, FN = 54 (Guangdong), FN = 60 (Shandong), and FN = 62 (Shaanxi).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1442,1553,1591,1625]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Variety of habitats at elevations of ¢.150—4000 m. The Confucian White-bellied Rat is found in mossy montane forests in Thailand and most forest habitats (tropical and subtropical moist montane and lowland forests and temperate forests) and cultivated land in China. It is twice as common in primary forest compared with secondary forest in China. It can withstand some habitat degradation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1441,1701,1788,1822]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Confucian White-bellied Ratis semi-omnivorous and regularly hoards seeds. In a study in Dongling Mountains, Mentougou District, Beijing, China, Confucian White-bellied Rats selected wild apricot seeds (
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<taxonomicName box="[2248,2487,1871,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armeniaca">Prunus armeniaca</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[2503,2633,1871,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
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) for hoarding and consumed more Liaodong oak (
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<taxonomicName box="[2193,2481,1910,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="liaotungensis">Quercus liaotungensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[2504,2632,1910,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
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) acorns in the short term. Another study found that they preferred cultivated walnut seeds and Liaodong oak acorns over wild apricots and showed that softer seeds with less tannins were eaten, while harder seeds with more tannins were hoarded. Hoarding behavior may help them survive during periods of food storage. Confucian Whitebellied Rats adjust hoarding to larder food when they face competition with other rodent species and scatter when there is no orlittle competition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1441,1575,2182,2216]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Confucian White-bellied Rats are polygamous and unselective when choosing mates. Males and females become more aggressive during reproductive periods. Breeding occurred in autumn, peaking in September—October, and reproductive success was influenced by amount of vegetative cover and human disturbance on islands in Qiandao Lake, eastern China. Near the Dongting Lake region, breeding occurred in all seasons except winter. Mean number of embryos was 3-7 (range 2-8); littersizes varied by season, being lowest in spring (3 young), highest in autumn (5 young), and intermediate in summer (4-3 young); and they also increased with female age and weight. Males with scrotal testes were most common in summer and autumn and least common in spring and winter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1438,2640,2576,2610]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" box="[1438,2640,2576,2610]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1438,1673,2576,2610]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Confucian White-bellied Rat is nocturnal and mostly terrestrial.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,2150,2615,2649]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Home ranges of male and female Confucian White-tailed Rats do not differ significantly in size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,1786,2694,2728]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Confucian White-bellied Rat has a wide distribution and presumably large overall population that does not seem to be declining because it is fairly common throughoutits distribution. It is found in many nature reserves and protected areas (e.g. Doi Inthanon National Park in Thailand and Xishuangbanna and Jiuzhaigou national nature reserves in China). It is the most well-studied species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2120,2253,2891,2925]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="219" pageNumber="824" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Niviventer</taxonomicName>
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, although it is in need of a taxonomic revision.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="219" pageNumber="824" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="219.[1438,2652,291,3279]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,1592,2979,3004]" pageId="219" pageNumber="824">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Balakirev & Rozhnov (2010), Balakirev et al. (2011), Bao Yixin et al. (2000), Deng Xianyu et al. (2000), Dong Wenge et al. (2009), He Kai & Jiang Xuelong (2015), Jiang Qinglan (1995), Jing Meidong et al. (2007), LiYuchun et al. (2008), Lu Jigi & Zhang Zhibin (2004, 2008), Lu Liang et al. (2015), Lunde & Smith (2016), Musser (1981a), Musser & Carleton (2005), Shen Liangliang et al. (2011), Smith & Yan Xie (2008), Sun Boet al. (2009), Wang Jinxing, Zhao Xiaofan, Koh Hungsun et al. (2003), Wang Jinxing, Zhao Xiaofan, Qi Hongying & Wang Yuzhi (1997), Wang Yingxiang (2003), Wu Delin etal. (1996), Zhang Hongmao & Wang Wei (2009), Zhang Hongmao et al. (2015), Zhang Meiwen et al. (2006), Zhang Yifeng et al. (2013), Zhang Ziyu & Zhao Mingshan (1984), Zhou Yan et al. (2009).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |