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<mods:title>Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:namePart>Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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Osgood’s Vietnamese Rat (Rattus osgoodi), 675. Little Indochinese Field Rat (Rattus sakeratensis), 676. Burnished Enggano Rat (Rattus adustus), 677. Kinabalu Rat (Rattus baluensis), 678. Aceh Rat (Rattus blangorum), 679. Enggano Island Rat (Rattus enganus), 680. Hoogerwert’s Sumatran Rat (Rattus hoogerwerfi), 682. Mentawai Archipelago Rat (Rattus lugens), 683. Gag Island Rat (Rattus nikenu), 684. Simalur Archipelago Rat (Rattus simalurensis), 685. Malaysian Field Rat (Rattus tiomanicus), 686. South-western Xanthurus Rat (Rattus bontanus), 687. Hoffmann’s Sulawesi Rat (Rattus hoffmanni), 688. Koopman' ’ s Peleng Island Rat (Rattus koopmani), 689. Marmoset Xanthurus Rat (Rattus marmosurus), 690. Lampobatang Sulawesi Rat (Rattus mollicomulus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888389/files/figure.png" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">677.</figureCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="231.[174,963,2488,2608]" box="[275,545,2488,2530]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<vernacularName box="[275,545,2488,2530]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Kinabalu Rat</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[596,906,2488,2530]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="231.[174,963,2488,2608]" box="[596,906,2488,2530]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[596,906,2488,2530]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baluensis">
<emphasis box="[596,906,2488,2530]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Rattus baluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="231.[174,963,2488,2608]" box="[175,963,2548,2569]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,250,2548,2569]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[260,413,2548,2569]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Rat du Kinabalu</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[434,525,2548,2569]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[535,676,2548,2569]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Kinabalu-Ratte</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[697,788,2548,2569]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[798,963,2548,2569]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Rata de Kinabalu</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="231.[174,963,2488,2608]" box="[174,548,2587,2608]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,421,2587,2608]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[431,548,2587,2608]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Summit Rat</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
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</heading>
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<paragraph blockId="231.[786,1379,2662,3081]" box="[786,1375,2662,2687]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,941,2662,2687]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1894" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[961,1370,2662,2687]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baluensis">Mus baluensis Thomas, 1894</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[787,1371,2697,2726]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="231.[786,1379,2662,3081]" box="[787,1371,2697,2726]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424972" box="[787,1371,2697,2726]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">“Mount Kina Balu, 8000 feet [= 2438 m].”</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="231.[786,1379,2662,3081]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[788,997,2737,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baluensis">Rattus baluensis</taxonomicName>
is in the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1151,1267,2737,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Epimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">R. rattus</taxonomicName>
species group; it is most closely related to R. tio- manicus and has included 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Robinson &amp; Kloss" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1168,1310,2815,2844]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="korinchi">R. korinchi</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies. It may actually be the same species as 
<taxonomicName box="[890,1051,2889,2923]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiomanicus">R.tiomanicus</taxonomicName>
based on a recent study that had a specimen of R. baluensisthat clustered with 
<taxonomicName box="[935,1108,2968,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiomanicus">R. tiomanicus</taxonomicName>
. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[786,1309,3007,3041]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="multiple">
<caption box="[786,1309,3007,3041]" inLine="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" targetBox="[2473,2477,811,836]" targetPageId="231">
<paragraph blockId="231.[786,1379,2662,3081]" box="[786,1309,3007,3041]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,961,3007,3041]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mt Kinabalu, N Borneo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="231.[786,1379,2662,3081]" box="[786,1377,3047,3081]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,1063,3047,3081]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 158-
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="231.[174,1377,3095,3473]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
188 mm, tail 175-205 mm, hindfoot 30-35 mm; weight 108 g. The Kinabalu Rat is a medium-sized, with long, dense, and soft pelage. Dorsum is dark tawny, with long black guard hairs mixed throughout, and slightly lighter on sides. Hairs are gray-tipped with ocherous tawny bases. Venteris buffy gray in contrast to grayish white on the Sumatran Mountain Rat (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Robinson &amp; Kloss" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[244,392,3248,3277]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="korinchi">R. korinchi</taxonomicName>
), and it is not sharply demarcated from dorsum. Feet are brown, with darker brown stripe down each metatarsal and metacarpal; claws are sharp, recurved, and short. Ears are small, brown, and covered with short brown hair. Tail is ¢.110% of head— body length and unicolored brown, covered in dark brown hair. Skull has slightly more inflated nasolacrimal capsules than on the Sumatran Mountain Rat. There are five pairs of mammae: one pectoral, one post-axillary, two abdominal, and one inguinal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="231.[1447,2657,256,841]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1560,289,323]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Habitat.</emphasis>
Montane and moss forests and subsummit dwarf forest and scrub at elevations of 1524-3810 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph blockId="231.[1447,2657,256,841]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1721,368,402]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Kinabalu Rat has been recorded licking inner surfaces of pitcher plants (
<taxonomicName box="[1671,1880,408,442]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rajah">Nepenthes rajah</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1900,2103,408,442]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Nepenthaceae</taxonomicName>
) while defecating in them, indicating mutualistic symbiosis because pitcher plants feed on fecal matter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1449,1822,491,520]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="breeding">
<paragraph blockId="231.[1447,2657,256,841]" box="[1449,1822,491,520]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1583,491,520]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Breeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1447,2564,530,559]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="activity">
<paragraph blockId="231.[1447,2657,256,841]" box="[1447,2564,530,559]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1682,530,559]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Kinabalu Rat is probably mostly terrestrial and nocturnal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1449,2388,565,599]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="231.[1447,2657,256,841]" box="[1449,2388,565,599]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,2149,565,599]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="231.[1447,2657,256,841]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1798,609,638]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Kinabalu Rat has a restricted distribution, butit is found in Mount Kinabalu National Park and is relatively common. There are 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hatt" authorityYear="1934" box="[1974,2103,687,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Thamnomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="231" pageNumber="733" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">no major</taxonomicName>
threats currently known, and it is considered fairly adaptable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="836" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph blockId="231.[1447,2657,256,841]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1602,771,796]" pageId="231" pageNumber="836">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Aplin (2016c), Aplin et al. (2011), Greenwood et al. (2011), Musser (1986), Musser &amp; Carleton (2005), Musser &amp; Newcomb (1983), Nor (2001), Phillipps &amp; Phillipps (2016), Wells et al. (2011).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>