185 lines
19 KiB
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185 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887260" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_matCits="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1656696812616" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="1E30E275347EFFCFE19E24C87F5B8A87" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Muridae_0536.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Leptomys elegans Thomas 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="688" masterDocId="E2099A0D3426FF97E1372C0977498313" masterDocTitle="Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="884" masterPageNumber="536" pageNumber="688" updateTime="1658538965639" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>536</mods:start>
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<mods:end>884</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-04-6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6887260</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6868400" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197825928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6868400" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E275347EFFCFE19E24C87F5B8A87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E275347EFFCFE19E24C87F5B8A87" lastPageNumber="688" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<heading pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<subSubSection box="[169,251,2241,2291]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[167,1226,2241,2369]" box="[169,251,2241,2291]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<figureCitation box="[169,251,2241,2291]" captionStart="Plate 40: Muridae" captionStartId="75.[90,119,3225,3250]" captionTargetBox="[1365,1954,2566,2975]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="214. Mount Banahaw Shrew Rat (Rhynchomys banahao), 215. Mount Isarog Shrew Rat (Rhynchomys isarogensis), 216. Mount Data Shrew Rat (Rhynchomys soricoides), 217. Mount Tapulao Shrew Rat (Rhynchomys tapulao), 218. Kalinga Shrew Mouse (Soricomys kalinga), 219. Leonardo Shrew Mouse (Soricomys leonardocor), 220. Mountain Shrew Mouse (Soricomys montanus), 221. Sierra Madre Shrew Mouse (Soricomys musseri), 222. Sundaic Ranee Mouse (Haeromys pusillus), 223. Margaret's Ranee Mouse (Haeromys margaretlae), 224. Lowland Sulawesi Ranee Mouse (Haeromys minahassae), 225. Papuan Highland Brush Mouse (Abeomelomys sevia), 226. Uneven-toothed Rat (Anisomys imitator), 228. Shaw Mayer’s Water Rat (Baiyankamys shawmayeri), 229. White-toothed Mouse (Brassomys albidens), 230. Forbes’s Tree Mouse (Charuromys forbesi), 231. Broad-headed Tree Mouse (Chiruromys lama), 232. Lesser Tree Mouse (Chiruromys vates), 233. Tawny Brush Mouse (Coccymys kirrhos), 234. Rimmler’s Brush Mouse (Coccymys ruemmleri), 235. Central Cordillera Brush Mouse (Coccymys shawmayer), 236. Earless New Guinea Water Rat (Crossomys moncktoni), 237. Common Water Rat (Hydromys chrysogaster), 238. Husson’s Water Rat (Hydromys hussoni), 239. New Britain Water Rat (Hydromys neobritannicus), 240. Ziegler’s Water Rat (Hydromys ziegleri), 241. Western White-eared Giant Rat (Hyomys dammerman), 242. Eastern White-eared Giant Rat (Hyomys goliath), 243. Arfak Water Rat (Leptomys arfakensts), 244. Elegant Water Rat (Leptomys elegans), 245. Ernst Mayr’sWater Rat (Leptomys ernstmayri), 246. Small Water Rat (Leptomys paulus), 247. Fly River Water Rat (Leptomys signatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887434/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">244.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[267,646,2241,2291]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[167,1226,2241,2369]" box="[267,646,2241,2291]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<vernacularName box="[267,646,2241,2291]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Elegant Water Rat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[696,1014,2241,2291]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[167,1226,2241,2369]" box="[696,1014,2241,2291]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[696,1014,2241,2291]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis box="[696,1014,2241,2291]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Leptomys elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[167,1226,2241,2369]" box="[168,1226,2309,2330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,243,2309,2330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[253,431,2309,2330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Leptomys élégant</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[452,542,2309,2330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[552,881,2309,2330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Elegante Neuguinea-Wasserratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[902,993,2309,2330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1004,1226,2309,2330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Rata de agua elegante</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="88.[167,1226,2241,2369]" box="[167,1196,2348,2369]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[167,414,2348,2369]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[424,605,2348,2369]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Elegant Leptomys</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[619,781,2348,2369]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Large Leptomys</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[795,956,2348,2369]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Long-footed Rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[970,1196,2348,2369]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Long-footed Water Rat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[779,1373,2415,2842]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[780,935,2415,2449]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1897" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[946,1363,2415,2449]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">Leptomys elegans Thomas, 1897</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424783" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">“British [= Papua] New Guinea — exact locality not known.”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[779,1373,2415,2842]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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The name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[951,1040,2533,2567]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">elegans</taxonomicName>
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has been broadly applied to many or even all populations of
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<taxonomicName box="[781,896,2617,2646]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptomys</taxonomicName>
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, sometimes with recognition of multiple subspecies. The current, mulispecies arrangement was
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<taxonomicName authority="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, 2017" authorityName="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher" authorityYear="2017" box="[1188,1320,2691,2725]" form="Proposed" pageId="88" pageNumber="725" rank="form" status="form N.">proposed</taxonomicName>
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in 2008 by G. G.Musser and colleagues, following detailed review of majority of available specimens. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="distribution">
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<caption inLine="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" targetBox="[2062,2066,2427,2452]" targetPageId="88">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[162,1368,2852,3471]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,341,2852,2881]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Known from scattered localities in two areas in E New Guinea: Kikori and Strickland river catchments, and SE Papuan Peninsula.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[162,1368,2852,3471]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,416,2926,2960]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 142-194 mm, tail 125-164 mm, ear 18-26 mm, hindfoot 36-43 mm; weight 66-120 g.
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<taxonomicName box="[648,763,2965,2999]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptomys</taxonomicName>
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are unmistakable medium-sized terrestrial rats with short, dense, and silky or velvetlike fur, buff gray to orange brown on upperparts, cream or white below; black-tipped guard hairs barely project through general pelage; head with long, slender snout and long vibrissae that extend well past ears, latter being moderately large and thinly furred; upper surfaces of feet white, long and narrow hindfeet having all digits with claws, plantar pads relatively small; tail slender, finely scaled, and with three short hairs per scale, basal portion dark above and white or mottled below, distal portion entirely white, no terminal brush or prehensile pad. Cranium is relatively narrow and delicate, relatively robust incisors bearing orange enamel and forward-projecting lower incisors with paler yellow enamel; three molars, initially cuspidate but basined when worn, posterior molars very reduced. Mammae two on each side, both inguinal. The Elegant Water Rat, largest member of genus, has fur on upperparts moderately long, tawny brown onmid-back and flanks; underparts
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1442,2657,292,2452]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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pure white from chin to base oftail; head lacks dark mask around eyes, but some individuals have pale spot on crown;tail (66-110% of head—body length) is shorter than in all congeners.It differs from other
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<taxonomicName box="[1955,2070,370,404]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptomys</taxonomicName>
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also in poor development of hypothenar pad on each hindfoot and in details of cranial and dental morphology. Karyotype with 2n = 48, autosomes predominantly acrocentric but one pair submetacentric. C-banding restricted to centromeric regions on most autosomes but extra interstitial bands on two largest pairs. Spermatozoa with long tail, sperm head with long apical hook and two shorter ventral hooks,tail long.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1442,2657,292,2452]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1561,611,640]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Habitat.</emphasis>
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All records of the Elegant Water Rat are associated with tropical evergreen rainforest. It has been found at elevations of 490-1500 m in Kikori and Strickland river catchments and at 20-800 m in south-eastern Papuan Peninsula; elevational range spans lowland rainforest, hill forest, and lower montane forest. At 1400-1500 m on south-west slopes of Mount Sisa (upper Strickland River catchment) it occurs in lower montane forest and in secondary forests with more than ten years of regeneration following shifting subsistence agriculture. It is absent from active gardens cut into mature forest, and from initial successional stages of regeneration with dense ground cover of grasses and weeds, followed by scrubby thickets.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1442,2657,292,2452]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1714,961,995]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Strong dietary focus on animal prey indicated by morphology of skull and teeth. P. Dwyer witnessed captive individuals killing and consuming grasshoppers and a praying mantis, and consuming both cooked and raw meat from bones and a rat carcass. Stomach contents of one individual included insect remains. Some individuals were caught at traps baited with meat and beetle larvae (“sago grubs”).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1442,2657,292,2452]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1582,1158,1192]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The low mammary formula (two pairs) indicates smalllitter size. This is supported by Dwyer’s report of a mean litter size of 1-7 based on four pregnant females from Mount Sisa, and birth of a single young to a captive female as reported by T. Leary and L. Seri.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1442,2657,292,2452]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1445,1682,1316,1350]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Recorded captures of the Elegant Water Rat are exclusively on the ground. Recent camera-trapping effort at ¢.1100 m in Kikori River catchment suggests that this murid is active solely at night.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1442,2657,292,2452]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,2159,1438,1467]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Elegant Water Ratis solitary, as indicated by camera-trapping results. Parental care presumably ends at time when young are weaned and leave the maternal nest. Dwyer’s field notes on a captive individual suggest an unusual “digitigrade” mode of locomotion with most of the plantar surfaces off the ground; tail was arched, with tip pointing downwards. Camera-trap images demonstrate same posture. H. M. Van Deusen made another interesting observation of an individual “hopping on the forest floor.” Camera-trap images often show
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<taxonomicName box="[1529,1644,1714,1743]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptomys</taxonomicName>
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leaping or springing, presumably as a startle response to the camera flash, and perhaps a regular part of behavioral repertoire ofthis species. The narrow, elongate hindfeet also indicate significant saltatorial capability.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1442,2657,292,2452]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1445,1796,1832,1861]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Cameratrap imaging rates for this species suggest moderately high local abundancesin primary lower montane forests of the upper Kikori River catchment. The Elegant Water Rat appears to be absent from the Purari River catchment (immediately east of the Kikori River catchment) which has been intensive surveyed from sea level to 1500 m, most recently including camera trapping and analysis of large owl pellet accumulations. The apparent elevationalshift between eastern and western populations might reflect contrasting patterns of competition—on the south-eastern Papuan Peninsula the Elegant Water Rat is replaced at higher elevations by the Small Water Rat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Musser, K. M. Helgen & Lunde" authorityYear="2008" box="[2371,2495,2143,2177]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulus">L. paulus</taxonomicName>
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) but there is no other species at lower elevation; in the Kikori and Strickland River catchments the elevational limits of the Elegant Water Rat are bracketed below, by records of the Fly River Water Rat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1684,1827,2261,2295]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">L. signatus</taxonomicName>
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) and above, by records of Ernst Mayr’s Water Rat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rimmler" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernstmayri">L. ernstmayri</taxonomicName>
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). There are no known instances of local sympatry of two species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2452,2567,2300,2334]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="88" pageNumber="688" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptomys</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="688" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1442,2657,292,2452]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1443,1595,2354,2375]" pageId="88" pageNumber="688">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Breed & Aplin (1995), Cole et al. (1997), Donnellan (1989), Dwyer (1984), Flannery (1995b), Hide et al. (1984), Leary & Seri (1997), Leary, Singadan, Menzies, Helgen et al. (2016d), Musser & Carleton (1993, 2005), Musser, Helgen & Lunde (2008), Rimmler (1938).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |