203 lines
20 KiB
XML
203 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887260" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_matCits="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1656696812616" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="1E30E2753455FFE4E1672DB5737E89A3" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Muridae_0536.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Uromys anak Thomas 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="715" masterDocId="E2099A0D3426FF97E1372C0977498313" masterDocTitle="Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="884" masterPageNumber="536" pageNumber="715" updateTime="1658538965639" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>536</mods:start>
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<mods:end>884</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-04-6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6887260</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6827224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197826411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6827224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E2753455FFE4E1672DB5737E89A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E2753455FFE4E1672DB5737E89A3" lastPageNumber="715" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<heading pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<subSubSection box="[80,162,444,490]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[79,1185,444,569]" box="[80,162,444,490]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<figureCitation box="[80,162,444,490]" captionStart="Plate 43: Muridae" captionStartId="115.[89,119,3263,3284]" captionTargetBox="[11,2721,14,3649]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="315. Black-tailed Giant Rat (Uromys anak), 316. Biak Island Giant Rat (Uromys boeadii), 317. Emma’s Giant Rat (Uromys emmae), 318. New Britain Island Giant Rat (Uromys neobritannicus), 319. Great Key Island Giant Rat (Uromys siebersi), 320. Vangunu Giant Rat (Uromys vika), 321. Emperor Giant Rat (Uromys imperator), 322. Guadalcanal Giant Rat (Uromys porculus), 323. King Giant Rat (Uromys rex), 324. White-tailed Giant Rat (Uromys caudimaculatus), 325. Masked White-tailed Giant Rat (Uromys hadrourus), 326. Rock-dwelling Giant Rat (Xenuromys barbatus), 327. Poncelet’s Giant Rat (Solomys ponceleti), 328. Ugi Island Giant Rat (Solomys salamonais), 329. Bougainville Island Giant Rat (Solomys salebrosus), 330. Isabel Island Giant Rat (Solomys sapientis), 331. Brush-tailed Rabbit Rat (Conilurus penicillatus), 332. False Water Rat (Xeromys myoudes), 333. Central Short-tailed Mouse (Leggadina forresti), 334. Northern Short-tailed Mouse (Leggadina lakedownensis), 335. Greater Stick-nest Rat (Leporillus conditor), 336. Australian Broad-toothed Rat (Mastacomys fuscus), 337. Black-footed Tree Rat (Mesembriomys gould), 338. Golden-backed Tree Rat (Mesembriomys macrurus), 339. Spinifex Hopping Mouse (Notomys alexis), 340. Northern Hopping Mouse (Notomys aquilo), 341. Fawn Hopping Mouse (Notomys cervinus), 342. Dusky Hopping Mouse (Notomys fuscus), 343. Mitchell's Hopping Mouse (Notomys mitchellii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887628/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">315.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[179,633,444,490]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[79,1185,444,569]" box="[179,633,444,490]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<vernacularName box="[179,633,444,490]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Black-tailed Giant Rat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[689,931,444,490]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[79,1185,444,569]" box="[689,931,444,490]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[689,931,444,490]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anak">
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<emphasis box="[689,931,444,490]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Uromys anak</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[79,1185,444,569]" box="[79,1185,508,529]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[79,155,508,529]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[164,385,508,529]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Uromys a queue noire</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[406,497,508,529]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[506,797,508,529]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Schwarzschwanz-Riesenratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,909,508,529]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[920,1185,508,529]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Rata gigante de cola negra</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="115.[79,1185,444,569]" box="[79,771,548,569]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[79,326,548,569]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[336,535,548,569]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Black-tailed Uromys</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[548,771,548,569]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Giant Naked-tailed Rat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[693,1287,612,1040]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[693,848,612,646]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[874,1277,612,646]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anak">Uromys anak Thomas, 1907</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424581" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">“Ifogi [= Efogi], Brown River, N.E. British New Guinea [= Central Province, Papua New Guinea]. Altitude ‘not less than 4000 ft{=1219mj}.’ ©</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[693,1287,612,1040]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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Within
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<taxonomicName box="[800,889,818,843]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uromys</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[906,1004,818,843]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anak">U. anak</taxonomicName>
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is placed under subgenus
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<taxonomicName box="[790,878,853,882]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uromys</taxonomicName>
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along with U. boeadui,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[877,1006,896,921]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">U. emmae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Winter" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1034,1208,896,921]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus">U. hadrourus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tate & Archbold" authorityYear="1935" box="[698,922,936,961]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Hydromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neobritannicus">U. neobritannicus</taxonomicName>
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, on basis of morphology,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[698,798,971,1000]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anak">U. anak</taxonomicName>
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seems to be sister to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tate & Archbold" authorityYear="1935" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Hydromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neobritannicus">U. neobritannicus</taxonomicName>
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. Three subspecies currently recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887570/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" startId="115.[81,235,1052,1081]" targetBox="[79,670,622,1036]" targetPageId="115">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" box="[81,481,1052,1081]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[81,481,1052,1081]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" box="[85,941,1095,1120]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[85,425,1095,1120]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="anak" subSpecies="anak">U.a.anakThomas,1907—ECentralCordillera,NewGuinea.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" box="[85,1154,1125,1159]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<taxonomicName authority="Groves & Flannery, 1994" authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[85,629,1125,1159]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="anak" subSpecies="albiventer">U.a.albiventerGroves&Flannery,1994—WCentralCordillera,NewGuinea.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" box="[85,1004,1174,1199]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1912" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1912" box="[85,490,1174,1199]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="anak" subSpecies="rothschildi">U. a. rothschildi Thomas, 1912</taxonomicName>
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— Huon Peninsula, NE New Guinea.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[81,330,1213,1238]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 270-335 mm, tail 228—400 mm, ear 1626-5 mm, hindfoot 61-3-75-5 mm; weight 450-1020 g. The Black-tailed Giant Rat is a very large species of
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<taxonomicName box="[188,279,1283,1317]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uromys</taxonomicName>
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. Pelage is long and harsh, consisting largely of long dark guard hairs. Dorsal pelage is a shiny black intermixed coarsely with grayish brown with a dark rufous or burnt amber coloration; there is also an ill-defined mid-dorsal line. Ventral pelage is a mix between brown and white and can shade toward one or the other. Feet are black and haired dorsally, being lighter on underside and digits. Ears are relatively long, naked and rounded, while being dark pinkish black; vibrissae are thick and black. Tail is long (c.110% of head-body length) and is distinctly monocolored dark brownish black with small lighter patches, distinguishing it from other
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<taxonomicName box="[1091,1286,1559,1593]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Uromys species</taxonomicName>
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except for Emma’s Giant Rat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[524,655,1602,1631]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">U. emmae</taxonomicName>
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) and the Biak Island Giant Rat (U. boeadu). Subspecies
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[248,311,1637,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anak">anak</taxonomicName>
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is lighter in color with a longer tail, smaller body, and shorter hindfeet; subspecies albiventer is more brown dorsally and more white ventrally; subspecies
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" box="[85,215,1716,1750]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mallomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothschildi">rothschildi</taxonomicName>
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is very dark brownish black dorsally and paler ventrally, but not white, with a larger body and shorter tail. Skull is large and heavy. The nematode genus Odilia has been recorded from this species. There are two pairs of mammae, both inguinal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[83,194,1834,1868]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Found in primary tropical moist forests, as well as degraded and secondary forest, at elevations from 850 m to 3000 m. Black-tailed Giant Rats have been recorded also from caves and
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<taxonomicName box="[368,718,1918,1947]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pandanaceae">Pandanus (Pandanaceae)</taxonomicName>
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stands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[84,347,1953,1987]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Black-tailed Giant Rat seemsto be herbivorous, and has been reported to feed on the nuts of
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<taxonomicName box="[549,684,1992,2026]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
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and the fruits of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Homalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Euphorbiaceae">Homalanthus (Euphorbiaceae)</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[84,218,2071,2105]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Little is known, but a female with four young was captured in a nest in August, while a subadult female was captured in July.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[83,318,2149,2183]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Black-tailed Giant Rats are probably nocturnal and seem to be arboreal, nesting in large epiphytes, tree hollows or
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<taxonomicName box="[763,896,2189,2223]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="115" pageNumber="715" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
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, as well as deep in caves on flat leaves placed on muddy shelves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[85,792,2268,2302]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Generally, 8-12 individuals can be found together in nests. Black-tailed Giant Rats are fairly aggressive when disturbed or threatened, making growling and snarling sounds when disturbed, and will readily attack by biting when necessary. They will flee nests from high areas byjumping with the arms spread, as if “parachuting” down to the ground, before running off.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[86,434,2465,2499]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Blacktailed Giant Rat has a wide distribution but is considered relatively uncommon, being found at low densities throughout its range. In specific localities, it may be affected by overhunting by natives, although this is relatively localized. It has been found in the Lorentz National Park and probably occurs in other protected areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="115" pageNumber="715" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="115.[81,1290,1052,2736]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[87,240,2671,2696]" pageId="115" pageNumber="715">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Aplin & Flannery (2017), Bryant et al. (2011), Flannery (1995b), Groves & Flannery (1994), Menzies & Dennis (1979), Musser & Carleton (2005), Smales (2008), Steppan & Schenk (2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |