448 lines
39 KiB
XML
448 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887260" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_matCits="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1656696812616" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="1E30E2753402FFB2E461251F736D86F1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Muridae_0536.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Gerbillus pyramidum E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="636" masterDocId="E2099A0D3426FF97E1372C0977498313" masterDocTitle="Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="884" masterPageNumber="536" pageNumber="635" updateTime="1658939812382" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>536</mods:start>
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<mods:end>884</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-04-6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6887260</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6788085" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197826206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6788085" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E2753402FFB2E461251F736D86F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E2753402FFB2E461251F736D86F1" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="636" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<heading pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<subSubSection box="[1366,1445,2326,2372]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1363,2410,2318,2448]" box="[1366,1445,2326,2372]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">115.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1463,1962,2321,2371]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1363,2410,2318,2448]" box="[1463,1962,2321,2371]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<vernacularName box="[1463,1962,2321,2371]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Greater Egyptian Gerbil</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2034,2410,2318,2366]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1363,2410,2318,2448]" box="[2034,2410,2318,2366]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<taxonomicName authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1803" box="[2034,2410,2318,2366]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyramidum">
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<emphasis box="[2034,2410,2318,2366]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Gerbillus pyramidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1363,2410,2318,2448]" box="[1363,2364,2381,2411]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1363,1439,2390,2411]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1447,1601,2388,2410]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Grande Gerbille</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1623,1713,2387,2408]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1723,1988,2385,2407]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Grote Agypten-Rennmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2010,2101,2383,2404]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2111,2364,2381,2403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Gerbillo de Egipto grande</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1363,2410,2318,2448]" box="[1363,1765,2427,2448]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1363,1610,2427,2448]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1620,1765,2427,2448]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Burton's Gerbil</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<heading pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<subSubSection box="[92,172,2486,2536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[90,1021,2486,2580]" box="[92,172,2486,2536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">113.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[188,521,2486,2536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[90,1021,2486,2580]" box="[188,521,2486,2536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<vernacularName box="[188,521,2486,2536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Principal Gerbil</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[593,967,2486,2536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[90,1021,2486,2580]" box="[593,967,2486,2536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas & Hinton" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[593,967,2486,2536]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="principulus">
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<emphasis box="[593,967,2486,2536]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Gerbillus principulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1974,2572,2487,2915]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1975,2128,2487,2521]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyramidum">Gerbillus pyramidum E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1974,2572,2487,2915]" lastBlockId="36.[1368,2571,2918,3197]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<subSubSection box="[2248,2537,2535,2560]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424691" box="[2248,2537,2535,2560]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Giza Province, Egypt.</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="discussion">
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D. M. Lay in 1983 described a high chro-mosomal polymorphism within G. pyramdum, the distribution and constitution of which were debated by many authors. Several subsequent morphometric and chromosomal studies showed that the taxon is more widely distributed in sahelian zones of West Africa than initially recognized. D. J. Osborn and I. Helmy hypothesized in 1980 that, on basis of morphologicalattributes,
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<taxonomicName box="[2040,2222,2922,2956]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyramidum">G. pyramidum</taxonomicName>
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included also
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" box="[2427,2549,2918,2953]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floweri">G. floweri</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Setzer" authorityYear="1958" box="[1371,1549,2967,3001]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perpallidus">G. perpallidus</taxonomicName>
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; in molecular analysis in 2016, however, A. Ndiaye and colleagues tested that theory and found that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" box="[1762,1885,3002,3037]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floweri">G. floweri</taxonomicName>
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(with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Setzer" authorityYear="1958" box="[1979,2158,3001,3035]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perpallidus">G. perpallidus</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym) represented a separate clade from
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<taxonomicName box="[1658,1841,3041,3075]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyramidum">G. pyramidum</taxonomicName>
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. Three subspecies recognized.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[90,1021,2551,2580]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[90,1021,2486,2580]" box="[90,1021,2551,2580]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[90,165,2559,2580]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[174,364,2557,2579]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Gerbille du Meidob</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[385,475,2556,2577]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[484,735,2555,2576]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Jebel-Meidob-Rennmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[756,847,2553,2574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[856,1021,2551,2573]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Gerbillo principal</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<paragraph blockId="36.[701,1296,2617,3044]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[701,857,2617,2651]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas & Hinton, 1923" authorityName="Thomas & Hinton" authorityYear="1923" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dipodillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="principulus">Dipodillus principulus Thomas & Hinton, 1923</taxonomicName>
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,
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="635">El Malha, Jebel Meidob, Sudan</materialsCitation>
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.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[701,1296,2617,3044]" lastBlockId="36.[94,1297,3048,3210]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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Taxonomic status of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas & Hinton" authorityYear="1923" box="[1013,1201,2735,2769]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dipodillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="principulus">G. principulus</taxonomicName>
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is uncertain: it was treated as a valid species by D. M. Lay in 1983 and I. Ya. Pavlinov and colleagues in 1990, whereas both D. C. D. Happold in 2013 and A. Monadjem and colleagues in 2015 did not consider it. No morphological or genetic arguments have been made, however, to declare the species incertaesedis or to favor synonymization. Because it is poorly known, and pending a general revision of East African gerbils, present treatmentfollows G. G. Musser and M. D. Carleton’s 2005 taxonomy. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="636" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887350" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887350/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="636" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" startId="36.[1369,1522,3083,3117]" targetBox="[1367,1956,2501,2919]" targetPageId="36">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1368,2571,2918,3197]" box="[1369,1769,3083,3117]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1369,1769,3083,3117]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1368,2571,2918,3197]" box="[1372,2178,3130,3155]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<taxonomicName authority="E Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803" authorityName="Setzer" authorityYear="1958" box="[1372,2024,3130,3155]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyramidum" subSpecies="pyramidum">G.p.pyramidumEGeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1803—NEgypt.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[95,1295,3166,3210]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887342" box="[95,1295,3166,3210]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887342/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" startId="36.[95,267,3176,3210]" targetBox="[87,682,2629,3041]" targetPageId="36">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[94,1297,3048,3210]" box="[95,1295,3166,3210]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[95,271,3176,3210]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Known only from two localities separated by a few kilometers in W Sudan.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1343,2551,277,833]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1343,1587,287,323]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 73 mm,tail 115 mm, ear 11 mm, hindfoot 21 mm (holotype measurements). No specific data are available for body weight. The Principal Gerbil is a medium-sized gerbil with bright sandy-buffy dorsal pelage, white patches behind eye and ear, and white forefeet and hindfeet, the hindfeet with naked soles. Tail is very long (157% of head-body length), bicolored, and ending with marked pencil of brown hairs. It has large and inflated tympanic bullae (38% of maximum length of skull).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1345,2198,520,555]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1343,2551,277,833]" box="[1345,2198,520,555]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1345,1457,521,555]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Arid climate where Sahara meets Sahelian savannas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1346,1846,561,596]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1343,2551,277,833]" box="[1346,1846,561,596]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1346,1607,561,596]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1346,1720,601,636]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1343,2551,277,833]" box="[1346,1720,601,636]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1346,1481,602,636]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1345,2406,634,677]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1343,2551,277,833]" box="[1345,2406,634,677]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1345,1580,642,677]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Principal Gerbil is probably nocturnal and terrestrial.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1347,2287,675,716]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1343,2551,277,833]" box="[1347,2287,675,716]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1347,2047,677,716]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1348,2396,712,756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="conservation">
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||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1343,2551,277,833]" box="[1348,2396,712,756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1348,1697,720,756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red Last.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1343,2551,277,833]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1348,1501,770,795]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Happold (2013a), Lay (1983), Monadjem et al. (2015), Musser & Carleton (2005), Pavlinov et al. (1990), Thomas & Hinton (1923a).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<heading pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1353,1432,899,949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="multiple">
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||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1350,2281,899,1029]" box="[1353,1432,899,949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">114.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1449,1779,899,949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="36.[1350,2281,899,1029]" box="[1449,1779,899,949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
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<vernacularName box="[1449,1779,899,949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Rhoads’s Gerbil</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1851,2216,899,949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1350,2281,899,1029]" box="[1851,2216,899,949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1896" box="[1851,2216,899,949]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1851,2216,899,949]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Gerbillus pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1350,2281,899,1029]" box="[1350,2281,963,992]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1350,1426,971,992]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1435,1643,969,991]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Gerbille a coussinets</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1663,1754,968,989]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1764,1970,967,988]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Dschibuti-Rennmaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1991,2082,965,986]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[2092,2281,963,985]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Gerbillo de Rhoads</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1350,2281,899,1029]" box="[1350,1778,1008,1029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1350,1597,1008,1029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1606,1778,1008,1029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Cushioned Gerbil</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1962,2559,1070,1498]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1962,2118,1070,1104]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rhoads, 1896" authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">Gerbillus pulvinatus Rhoads, 1896</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1962,2559,1070,1498]" lastBlockId="36.[1354,2565,1515,2250]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[2048,2458,1100,1142]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[2048,2458,1100,1142]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Rusia, Lake Rudolf, Ethiopia.</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="discussion">
|
||
Taxonomic status and constitution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1896" box="[1967,2141,1187,1221]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">G. pulvinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been disputed by some authors, but D. M. Lay in 1983, G. G. Musser and M. D. Carleton in 2005, D. C. D. Happold in 2013, and A. Monadjem and colleagues in 2015 considered it valid. Standard karyotype was provided by B. Hubert in 1978. Monotypic.
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887344/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" startId="36.[1354,1408,1515,1540]" targetBox="[1348,1943,1091,1501]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1966,2143,1464,1498]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Djibouti, SW Ethiopia, and NW Kenya; it may occur in extreme SE South Sudan.
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1354,2565,1515,2250]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1354,1603,1548,1584]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 86-105 mm,tail 118-145 mm, ear 10-16 mm, hindfoot 25-28 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62, FN = 84. Rhoads’s Gerbil is a medium-sized to small gerbil with soles of hindfeet partly hairy. Dorsal pelage is sandy brown and ventral one pure white. Tail is long (140% of head-body length) and bicolored, with pencil of darker hairs visible at tip. Chin, throat, and feet are white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1354,2565,1515,2250]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1356,1468,1786,1820]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Arid regions of Somali-Masai savannas. Rhoads’s Gerbil has been captured in dry grasslands and sandy soils in Omo region of Ethiopia, while in Djibouti it was found among volcanic rocks covered with sparse bush and trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1358,1858,1901,1935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1354,2565,1515,2250]" box="[1358,1858,1901,1935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1358,1619,1901,1935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1358,1731,1941,1975]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1354,2565,1515,2250]" box="[1358,1731,1941,1975]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1358,1492,1941,1975]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1354,2565,1515,2250]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1357,2561,1973,2017]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="activity">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1357,1585,1982,2017]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Rhoads'’s Gerbil is probably nocturnal, and terrestrial, digging burrows.
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1359,2298,2015,2056]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1359,2059,2017,2056]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1354,2565,1515,2250]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1360,1711,2060,2096]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Rhoads’s Gerbil may be abundant locally, and is found in the Omo National Park in south-west Ethiopia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="635" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1354,2565,1515,2250]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1361,1514,2188,2213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Happold (2013a), Hubert (1978b), Lay (1983), Monadjem et al. (2015), Musser & Carleton (2005), Pearch et al. (2001), Rhoads (1896), Yalden et al. (1996).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[1368,2571,2918,3197]" box="[1372,2393,3156,3197]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Setzer, 1958" authorityName="Setzer" authorityYear="1958" box="[1372,1724,3161,3197]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyramidum" subSpecies="elbaensis">G. p. elbaensis Setzer, 1958</taxonomicName>
|
||
— SE Egypt and NE Sudan (SE Eastern Desert).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887368/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" startId="36.[97,127,3302,3327]" targetBox="[12,2716,13,3648]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[97,2575,3281,3485]" pageId="36" pageNumber="635">
|
||
On following pages: 116. Rupicolous Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[582,770,3297,3323]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rupicola">Gerbillus rupicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 117. Khartoum Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heuglin" authorityYear="1877" box="[1030,1247,3293,3319]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmonyx">Gerbillus stigmonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 118. Berbera Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" box="[1492,1678,3289,3315]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acticola">Gerbillus acticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 119. Brockman's Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1963,2180,3284,3310]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brockmani">Gerbillus brockmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 120. Dunn's Gerbil (Gerbillus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[97,157,3341,3366]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunni">dunni</taxonomicName>
|
||
): 121. Mackilligin's Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[445,540,3338,3363]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gerbillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
mackilligini); 122. Least Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasyurus">
|
||
Gerbillus
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[992,1075,3333,3358]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Haeromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 123.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gerbil" authorityName="Gerbil" box="[1151,1325,3331,3357]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosalinda">Rosalinda Gerbil</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1341,1543,3329,3355]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosalinda">Gerbillus rosalinda</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 124. Somalian Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1804,2017,3325,3351]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="somalicus">Gerbillus somalicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 125. Harwood's Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[2298,2504,3320,3346]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harwoodi">Gerbillus harwoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 126. Cheesman’s Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" box="[372,593,3377,3403]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">Gerbillus cheesmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 127. Wagner's Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlitter & Setzer" authorityYear="1972" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilus">
|
||
Gerbillus dasyurus); 128. Black-tufted Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yerbury & Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[1344,1535,3369,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="famulus">Gerbillus famulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 129. Mesopotamian Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="1956" box="[1862,2129,3364,3390]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamiae">Gerbillus mesopotamiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 130. Balochistan Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2417,2512,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gerbillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
nanus): 131. Large Aden Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yerbury & Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[447,654,3416,3442]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilops">Gerbillus poecilops</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 132. Swarthy Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braueri">
|
||
Gerbillus aquilus); 133. Indian Hairy-footed Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1886" box="[1456,1657,3407,3433]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gleadowi">Gerbillus gleadowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 134. Somali Pygmy Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1975,2153,3402,3428]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microdillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peel">Microdillus peel</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 135. Pouched Gerbil (Desmodilliscus braueri
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): 136. Fat-tailed Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lataste" authorityYear="1880" box="[411,642,3460,3483]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duprasi">Pachyuromys duprasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 137. Bushy-tailed Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[909,1129,3456,3479]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sekeetamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calurus">Sekeetamys calurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osborn & Helmy, 1980" authorityName="Osborn & Helmy" authorityYear="1980" box="[181,690,294,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="37" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyramidum" subSpecies="gedeedus">G. p. gedeedus Osborn & Helmy, 1980</taxonomicName>
|
||
— known from a few oases in Egypt. Also present in W Mauritania, and from Mali E to Sudan, but subspecies involved not known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="636" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,429,413,442]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 102-135 mm, tail 128-180 mm, ear 14-20 mm, hindfoot 30-39 mm; weight 37-67 g. Males are slightly heavier and larger than females. The Greater Egyptian Gerbilis a large gerbil with orange-brown dorsal pelage sharply delineated on flanks from pure white venter. White spots are present on head around eyes, and hands and feet are white. Long feet bear hairy soles. Long tail (125-150% of head-body length) terminates in a more orless well-marked dark hair pencil. Female has four pairs of mammae. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38, FNa = 72.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="636" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,286,685,719]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Sandy habitats, oases with palm plantations, coastal plains and dunes. Greater Egyptian Gerbil may be found in grasslands with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[864,980,724,758]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="636" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Panicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
turgidum (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1127,1244,724,758]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="636" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) tussocks at base of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[320,568,768,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="37" pageNumber="636" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Fabaceae">Acacia (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[651,981,768,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="37" pageNumber="636" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tamaricaceae">Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees. May be found also in anthropogenic habitats (e.g. edges of cultivated fields, irrigated canals, storehouses, gardens, and even houses).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="636" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,444,882,916]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Egyptian Gerbil is granivorous and herbivorous. It may store food (seeds) during wet season in orderto survive during dry season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="636" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,309,960,994]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In north Sudan, reproduction occurs during rainy season and dry cold season. Gestation lasts 22 days, and litter is of 2-5 young (mean 3). Juveniles are weaned at 25-30 days, and become mature in 3-4 months.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="636" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,408,1078,1112]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Egyptian Gerbil is crepuscular and nocturnal, and terrestrial. It digs burrows with up to five entrances very similar to those of the Lesser Egyptian Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1800" box="[418,570,1162,1191]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="37" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gerbillus">G. gerbillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), where it spends day. It may also make use of burrows of other gerbil speciesat the base of bush or trees in sandy hills.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="636" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,892,1236,1270]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Egyptian Gerbil appears to be abundant and seems to be gregarious.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="636" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,520,1314,1348]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List owingto its abundance and wide distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="636" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[172,1384,294,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,325,1403,1428]" pageId="37" pageNumber="636">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Abramsky et al. (1994), Dobigny, Nomao & Gautun (2002), Granjon & Duplantier (2009), Granjon, Bonnet et al. (1999), Granjon, Bruderer et al. (2002), Happold (1968), Lay (1983), Musser & Carleton (2005), Ndiaye, Chevret et al. (2016), Ndiaye, Tatard et al. (2016), Osborn & Helmy (1980).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |