443 lines
47 KiB
XML
443 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="1EC0D8CD14AFB533DAE47A4E37B5CF83" ID-CLB-Dataset="25574" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3406278" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c2a0a0d-f675-438e-bf2e-9f6134eadf31" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3406278" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1568287401713" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Cope, E. D." docDate="1892" docId="7128146C1F4D9401FEC310CDFE5FFDD3" docLanguage="en" docName="Cope1892.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 30" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Laelaps incrassatus Cope 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="245" masterDocId="8D116C141F4D9404FFCC1460FFC7FFC0" masterDocTitle="On the skull of the Dinosaurian Laelaps incrassatus Cope" masterLastPageNumber="245" masterPageNumber="240" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1698754912304" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="2309F70EA05C67DB557D27A6F1DD1987" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9CA7FE97158428C4E53583233CC9C9FD">
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<mods:title id="95C90B14E945F6BAE18A318EF5905E56">On the skull of the Dinosaurian Laelaps incrassatus Cope</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F87C7336A62CB3BDCB84DBEE06F6A730" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6EBD9C018C2F38CDBEBD6D2E3E1F0136">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="78EEA19B3F6D22E73EE225F369A932A2">Cope, E. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="83CE6547AFA4AF61B3E8CC588126934B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DBBDC0D3CD99E3A814180473E28BB811">Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CE9AE622BCAC4927EAA6E7BB1BC58F3C">
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<mods:date id="FBA051160F59BC4D19BAE9873DBCC6CB">1892</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="58684C936BAF079771298F845391F340" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="2F0E65CDC8F16BF79A3AA0FF464988BC">1892-05-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C35C6E1B119E3199AB2D722D51473679" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FAC94AE19758D05FCC2CAA326F40F217">30</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="097748BBD3924FDEB4ECB0EDB7E24F8F">240</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="93909A5AC637E8C5A90B3EC5CC775A0D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C8F24514BF004ACEA0AD6551FDA5585D" type="CLB-Dataset">25574</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EE2963BA0FF304970CDEACF1374AE88E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3406278</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D9241746BF6D02B820D7FAA16E21124" type="Zenodo-Dep">3406278</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7128146C1F4D9401FEC310CDFE5FFDD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6293277" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183728098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6293277" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7128146C1F4D9401FEC310CDFE5FFDD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7128146C1F4D9401FEC310CDFE5FFDD3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">
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<subSubSection id="B19BF6F11F4D9404FEC310CDFCA2FB04" box="[271,869,1197,1220]" pageId="0" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4D9404FEC310CDFCA2FB04" blockId="0.[271,869,1197,1220]" box="[271,869,1197,1220]" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FEC310CDFE97FB7E" box="[271,336,1197,1214]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">On the</emphasis>
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Skull
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FE5A10CEFE15FB7E" box="[406,466,1198,1219]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">of the</emphasis>
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Dínosaurian
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<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F4D9404FDA910CEFCE0FB7F" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1876" box="[613,807,1198,1219]" class="Reptilia" family="Dinodontidae" genus="Laelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incrassatus">Laelaps incrassatus</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FCFE10CEFCA7FB04" box="[818,864,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">Cope</emphasis>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B19BF6F11F4D9404FE291085FC47FAED" pageId="0" pageNumber="240" type="multiple">
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||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4D9404FE291085FD55FB3B" blockId="0.[485,658,1253,1275]" box="[485,658,1253,1275]" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FE291085FDE6FB36" box="[485,545,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">
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By
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<docAuthor id="52E9A4F71F4D9404FDDC1085FDE6FB36" box="[528,545,1253,1270]" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">E</docAuthor>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FDF91085FD80FB36" box="[565,583,1253,1270]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">D</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FD921085FD4AFB3B" box="[606,653,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">Cope</emphasis>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4D9404FF341178FC47FAED" blockId="0.[248,896,1303,1325]" box="[248,896,1303,1325]" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">
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(
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FECF1177FDCEFAE8" box="[259,521,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">Read before the American</emphasis>
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Philosophical
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FD6D1177FD21FAED" box="[673,742,1303,1325]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">Society</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FD3A1178FCE5FAED" box="[758,802,1304,1325]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">May</emphasis>
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6',
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<docYear id="E1E749811F4D9404FC881179FCB3FAE9" box="[836,884,1305,1321]" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">1892</docYear>
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.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B19BF6F11F4D9405FF01112EFD17FEEB" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="0" pageNumber="240" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4D9405FF01112EFD17FEEB" blockId="0.[182,959,1358,1522]" lastBlockId="1.[77,855,221,1510]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">
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The characters of the skull in the carnivorous
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<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F4D9404FD71112FFCE9FAA0" box="[701,814,1359,1376]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Dinosauria</taxonomicName>
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are only partially known, so the present opportunity is improved to add to our knowledge a. considerable number of points, if not to exhaust the subject. I have temporarily in my possession two incomplete crania of the
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<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F4D9404FCB511C4FEEFFA10" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1876" class="Reptilia" family="Dinodontidae" genus="Laelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incrassatus">Laelaps incrassatus</taxonomicName>
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, from the Laramie formation of the Red Deer river, in the
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4D9404FF7411BBFED8FA2B" box="[184,287,1499,1515]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="240">Dominion</emphasis>
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of Canada, which have been submitted to me by the Geological Survey of the
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FF271480FEFCFF34" box="[235,315,224,244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">country</emphasis>
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for determination and description. I express here my thanks to the honorable Director ofthe Survey, Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn, for the opportunity of examining these important specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B19BF6F11F4C9407FFAA1551FE75FA6C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4C9405FFAA1551FCF6FE0F" blockId="1.[77,855,221,1510]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">The first specimen consists of the skull, from the orbits to the muzzle inclusive, with the two dentary bones with teeth adhering to the inferior surface. The second specimen includes most of the parts absent from the first. The muzzle and orbital region are wanting, but the parietal and occipital regions are present, with the basis cranii and palate; parts of the quadrate bones and both mandibular rami nearly complete with teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4C9405FFA915B9FD24FAB0" blockId="1.[77,855,221,1510]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
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The bones of the skull are dense and light, and some of them are pneumatic. The sutures separating the premaxillary, maxillary and nasal bones are not distinguishable
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FE441672FE5CFDE2" box="[392,411,530,546]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">in</emphasis>
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the specimen, and both are considerably injured. There is a large subround preorbital foratnen whose
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FD251651FCEFFDFF" box="[745,808,561,575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">centre</emphasis>
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is a little nearer the superior plane of the skull than the alveolar border.
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FC89162BFC90FD9C" bold="true" box="[837,855,587,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">It</emphasis>
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is separated from the
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FE841607FEBEFDB7" box="[328,377,615,631]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">orbit</emphasis>
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by a narrow isthmus. The frontal bone is
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FF8316E7FFBBFD58" box="[79,124,647,664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">very</emphasis>
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narrow between the orbits. The prefrontal forms a vertical convex crest on each side, as represented
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FE7E16FFFE0BFD74" bold="true" box="[434,460,671,692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">by</emphasis>
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Marsh to exist in the
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<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F4C9405FD0116FFFF71FD0B" authority="Marsh, 1884" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FD0116FFFC90FD74" box="[717,855,671,692]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">Megalosaurus</emphasis>
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nasicornis
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</taxonomicName>
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. The orbits are longitudinally widely parallelogrammic, and are of enormous size, equaling in long diameter the length of the muzzle in front of them.
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FED41693FE87FCC3" bold="true" box="[280,320,755,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">The</emphasis>
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post frontal and postorbital elements appear to be fused, and form an L-shaped bone, whose horizontal limb is supraorbital, extending forwards
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FED31750FE8AFCFC" box="[287,333,816,828]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">over</emphasis>
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the orbit anterior
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FDDD174DFDE2FCFC" box="[529,549,813,828]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">to</emphasis>
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its middle. and terminating in an acute apex. The other limb is vertical and postorbital, extending to the jugal bone. A small piece
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FE541708FE76FCB4" box="[408,433,872,884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">on</emphasis>
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the inner side of the postfrontoörbital at its posterior angle on the
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FEBA171FFE0CFC55" box="[374,459,895,917]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">superior</emphasis>
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face of the skull is of uncertain determination. The maxillary diminishes rapidly in depth below the orbit and terminates a little posterior to it. The jugal overlaps it above, and probably terminated at about the posterior third of the
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FDA517B4FD5EFC24" box="[617,665,980,996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">orbit</emphasis>
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, but the suture is not clear at this point. The frontal is supported below by two vertical elements posterior to the middle of the orbit. These closely resemble the corresponding pieces in Sphenodon, and are the postoptic * and epipterygoid respectively. They are preceded by a vertical compressed element which corresponds with the orbitosphenoid of Sphenodon, but it is not perforate. and the optic foramen
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FE7D101CFE07FB4C" box="[433,448,1148,1164]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">is</emphasis>
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posterior to it. lt is elongate anteroposteriorly, and its anterior extremity is concealed anterior to the orbit. The postoptic is strongly concave at its anterior margin, and the inferior part of this border is produced anteriorly. The epipterygoid, on the other hand, is openly concave posteriorly, its inferior portion being dirested posteriorly and enclosing a large foramen with the postoptic. The external face of the maxillary bones is rugose with fine ridges, and rather numerous foramina. The jugal extends well posteriorly, and increases in depth, but its posterior extremity is broken from the specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4C9406FFAF1119FD8FFDF9" blockId="1.[77,855,221,1510]" lastBlockId="2.[175,959,236,819]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
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The mandibular rami are compressed, and the symphysis is oblique and ligamentous. The deutary bone
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FE7F11F4FE05FA64" box="[435,450,1428,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">is</emphasis>
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followed posteriorly
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FD6711F3FD20FA63" box="[683,743,1427,1443]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">above</emphasis>
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by a deep surangular, with rounded superior border, whose superior outline, though convex, rises hut little above the level of the dentnry. The dentary is produced below it. On the inner side is seen a large splenial foramen, from which extends anteriorly a narrow strip, the splenial.
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FC981545FCBAFEF6" bold="true" box="[852,893,293,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">The</emphasis>
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other borders of the foramen are formed by zt large laminiform bone, the opercular of
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FEC1153DFE95FEAE" box="[269,338,349,366]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Cuvier</emphasis>
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, which extends to the superior border of the ramos, cutting off the dentary posteriorly. It is apparently homologous with the inferior anterior part of the coronoid.
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FDA115F6FD55FE66" box="[621,658,406,422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">For</emphasis>
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the remaining parts of the mandibular ramns see the description oi the second specimen. The external face of the dentary is roughened and presents foramina which are most numerous anteriorly. where they are connected by shallow grooves, like the rims between the holes of small Mammalia. Opposite each tooth is one
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FF391648FECDFDF4" box="[245,266,552,564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">or</emphasis>
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two shallow vertical grooves.
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</paragraph>
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<footnote id="9A9AB9741F4C9405FF9311B7FD02FA22" box="[95,709,1493,1510]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4C9405FF9311B7FD02FA22" blockId="1.[77,855,221,1510]" box="[95,709,1493,1510]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
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* For the definition of this element,
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4C9405FE5211B9FE70FA24" box="[414,439,1497,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">see</emphasis>
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Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1892.
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4F9406FF0B1620FE4CFCF3" blockId="2.[175,959,236,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
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The teeth have the usual Megalosaurian form and have long roots sunk in very deep alveoli. There are eleven present in the maxillary bone, of Which the terminal ones are rapidly reduced in dimensions. Fourteen teeth in the dentary bone which diminish in size at the posterior end of the series. The premaxillary teeth are lost, but none of those in the anterior part of the dentary bone have the incisor-like character' of those of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F4F9406FED31689FE6FFCC0" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[287,424,745,768]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amblypodon</taxonomicName>
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of Leidy. The first tooth of the dentary is smaller than the second. and both have more
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<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FD8E176BFD4AFCD7" box="[578,653,779,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">convex</emphasis>
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external faces than the teeth which succeed them.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4F9406FE571730FC56FB20" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
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<table id="8B8157DA1F4F6BFBFF12172FFC56FB22" box="[222,913,847,1250]" gridcols="2" gridrows="14" inline="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFE57172FFC4AFCB3" box="[411,909,847,883]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF12172FFCA7FCB3" box="[222,864,847,883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
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||
.Measurements
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FDF81730FD8EFCA5" box="[564,585,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">of</emphasis>
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||
Skull
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||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FD5D172FFD68FCA1" box="[657,687,847,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">No</emphasis>
|
||
. 1.
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||
</th>
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||
<th id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA2172FFC56FCB3" box="[878,913,847,883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">MM.</th>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF12171DFC57FC53" box="[222,912,893,915]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
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||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF12171DFCA7FC53" box="[222,864,893,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Total length of specimen...........</td>
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||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA2171DFC56FC53" box="[878,913,893,915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">600</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF1317F9FC48FC6F" box="[223,911,921,943]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF1217F9FCA7FC6F" box="[222,864,921,943]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Length (axial) to front border of preorbital foramen ........</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA217F9FC56FC6F" box="[878,913,921,943]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">140</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF1317D5FC48FC0C" box="[223,911,949,972]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF1217D5FCA7FC0C" box="[222,864,949,972]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Length to anterior border of orbit..</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA217D5FC56FC0C" box="[878,913,949,972]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FCA217D6FC48FC06" bold="true" box="[878,911,950,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">215</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF2C17B2FC57FC28" box="[224,912,978,1000]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF1217B2FCA7FC28" box="[222,864,978,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Length to posterior border of orbit ...........</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA217B2FC56FC28" box="[878,913,978,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">385</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF13178EFC56FC3F" box="[223,913,1006,1023]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF12178EFCA7FC3F" box="[222,864,1006,1023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Vertical diameter of orbit.</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA2178EFC56FC3F" box="[878,913,1006,1023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">120</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF13106AFC57FBDC" box="[223,912,1034,1052]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF12106AFCA7FBDC" box="[222,864,1034,1052]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Vertical diameter of skull at middle of orbit...........</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA2106AFC56FBDC" box="[878,913,1034,1052]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">180</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF131046FC57FBF8" box="[223,912,1062,1080]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF121046FCA7FBF8" box="[222,864,1062,1080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Width of front at middle of orbit........ _...</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA21046FC56FBF8" box="[878,913,1062,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF2C1023FC57FB99" box="[224,912,1091,1113]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF121023FCA7FB99" box="[222,864,1091,1113]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Depth of dentary at posterior end of symphysis............</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA21023FC56FB99" box="[878,913,1091,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">90</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF2C103FFC48FBB5" box="[224,911,1119,1141]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF12103FFCA7FBB5" box="[222,864,1119,1141]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Depth of dentary at end of dental series ... ......... ..... ..</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA2103FFC56FBB5" box="[878,913,1119,1141]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">127</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF2C101BFC56FB52" box="[224,913,1147,1170]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF12101BFCA7FB52" box="[222,864,1147,1170]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Length of dental series.</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA2101BFC56FB52" box="[878,913,1147,1170]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">320</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF2C10F7FC56FB71" box="[224,913,1175,1201]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF1210F7FCA7FB71" box="[222,864,1175,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
Length of dentary bone
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FE2B10F8FD83FB68" box="[487,580,1176,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">above</emphasis>
|
||
............................
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA210F7FC56FB71" box="[878,913,1175,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">390</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF2C10D4FC56FB0A" box="[224,913,1204,1226]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF1210D4FCA7FB0A" box="[222,864,1204,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Length of sixth tooth above alveolus.</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA210D4FC56FB0A" box="[878,913,1204,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">57</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F4F6BFBFF2C10B0FC56FB22" box="[224,913,1232,1250]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFF1210B0FCA7FB22" box="[222,864,1232,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FF2C10B1FEE5FB22" box="[224,290,1233,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Width</emphasis>
|
||
of sixth tooth at alveolus.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F4F6BFBFCA210B0FC56FB22" box="[878,913,1232,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4F9407FF051162FE39FE78" blockId="2.[179,958,1281,1531]" lastBlockId="3.[83,863,227,1457]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FF051162FF27FAD3" bold="true" box="[201,224,1282,1299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">In</emphasis>
|
||
the second skull the only partof the superior portion remaining is the brain ease, and this is distorted by pressure which has forced it to the left side of the middle line.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FE0D115BFE2DFA8B" bold="true" box="[449,490,1339,1355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">The</emphasis>
|
||
postorbital region and the arches are gone.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FF7F1138FF1BFAA8" bold="true" box="[179,220,1368,1384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">The</emphasis>
|
||
occipital appears to be continuous and subhorizontal and is obtusely angulate medially above. The basioccipital is vertical as in the crocodiles proper, and the brain case is closed in front of the petrosal in much the same way, with thin ossifications.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4F9406FDFC11CBFD9FFA7B" bold="true" box="[560,600,1451,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">The</emphasis>
|
||
fontmen magnum is small, as is also the transversely oval occipital condyle, which looks directly posteriorly, and not downwards. On each side of the basioccipital are two large foramina, one above the other, the inferior issuing in a deep groove or fossa. They are bounded externally
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FE121560FE30FED6" box="[478,503,256,278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">by</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FE331565FDCDFED0" bold="true" box="[511,522,261,272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">a</emphasis>
|
||
broad vertical ala. Anterior to this ala are two
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FEDD157CFE8FFEEC" box="[273,328,284,300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">other</emphasis>
|
||
large foramina, one above the other, both issuing from fossae.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FF2E1557FECCFE88" box="[226,267,311,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">One</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FEF81558FEA5FE88" box="[308,354,312,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">both</emphasis>
|
||
of these is the trigeminal. The middle line of the brain case is keeled below, except near and at the anterior extremity, where it is flat and is perforated by a transverse foramen. This is possibly a pituitary foramen, which thus penetrates the palatal
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FD5B15F0FD7FFE5C" box="[663,696,400,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">root</emphasis>
|
||
" as in the Opisthocoelus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F4E9407FF7715C7FEECFE78" box="[187,299,423,440]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Dinosauria</taxonomicName>
|
||
as stated by Marsh.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4E9407FFA715A3FCF4FD75" blockId="3.[83,863,227,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">
|
||
The rami of the mandible are pressed obliquely against the inferior aspect of the skull, but are separated far enough to permit the palatopterygoid elements to be seen. These form a rather narrow, flattened rod on each side the middle line, which extend to the robust basipterygoid processes, which look downwards. Each pterygoid then turns abruptly outwards with its edge downwards towards the quadrate, but the specimen does not permit me to discover whether it reaches that element or not. It sends a robust process
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FE5316EAFE75FD58" box="[415,434,650,664]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">to</emphasis>
|
||
the inner side of the basipterygoid, thus extensively embracing it. The anterior part of the palate is invisible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4E9407FFA016DFFE18FBB6" blockId="3.[83,863,227,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">
|
||
The relations of the
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FE9916DFFE62FD15" box="[341,421,703,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">dentary</emphasis>
|
||
and surangular bones are the same as in the specimen No. 1. This specimen shows that the angular and articular are distinct elements.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FEBE1698FE5DFCC8" bold="true" box="[370,410,760,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">The</emphasis>
|
||
angular is an elongate element, which is extensively exposed anteriorly on the internal face of the ramtts, and then passes to the external face, terminating in an acuminate lamina below the articular cotylus, but not reaching the angle. The articular is only developed anteriorly on the internal border of the ramus, where it extends Well forwards, extensively overlapping
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FDDB17E5FDF0FC55" bold="true" box="[535,567,901,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">the</emphasis>
|
||
angular. The surangular extends posteriorly to the borders of the articular colylus, and spreads out below the articular
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FE9E17A2FEA1FC0D" bold="true" box="[338,358,962,973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">as</emphasis>
|
||
though it would
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FDED17DFFD91FC0D" bold="true" box="[545,598,959,973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">enter</emphasis>
|
||
into the composition
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FC8617DEFC99FC0E" bold="true" box="[842,862,958,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">of</emphasis>
|
||
the angle
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FF0E17B9FF12FC29" bold="true" box="[194,213,985,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">of</emphasis>
|
||
the jaw, which it does not. It is perforated by a round foramen
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FF5F179AFF07FBC5" bold="true" box="[147,192,1018,1029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">near</emphasis>
|
||
its interior border, and its inferior face is separated from
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FCF21796FC9AFBC6" bold="true" box="[830,861,1014,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">the</emphasis>
|
||
external face by a
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FED21071FE4CFBE6" box="[286,395,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">prominent</emphasis>
|
||
longitudinal down-looking angle. The articular cotylus
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FF24104DFF3FFBFD" bold="true" box="[232,248,1069,1085]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">is</emphasis>
|
||
transverse and is not bifossate. The quadrate contracts immediately above its condyle and is then broken off in the specimen, but it probably has a rather slender shaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4E9407FFA310E2FE6DFB6E" blockId="3.[83,863,227,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">
|
||
There
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FF7510E2FF0FFB52" bold="true" box="[185,200,1154,1170]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">is</emphasis>
|
||
a large foramen in the internal wall of the ramus which
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FC8310E2FC9AFB52" bold="true" box="[847,861,1154,1170]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">is</emphasis>
|
||
bounded below by the articular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F4E9407FFA310DBFE75FA6C" blockId="3.[83,863,227,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FFA310DBFF46FB0B" bold="true" box="[111,129,1211,1227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">A</emphasis>
|
||
singular bone occurs in
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FE5310DAFE0AFB0A" box="[415,461,1210,1226]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">both</emphasis>
|
||
skulls whose position I cannot determine. It is a slender, strongly
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FE7010B6FDC5FB27" box="[444,514,1238,1255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">curved</emphasis>
|
||
cylindric cone, which rises from the posterior palatal region and turns upwards, outwards and then backwards and
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FF1B1173FF25FADE" bold="true" box="[215,226,1299,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">a</emphasis>
|
||
little downwards, with a compressed acute
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FD701172FD2BFAE2" box="[700,748,1298,1314]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">apex</emphasis>
|
||
. It is not articulated with any element at the apex, which lies near the jugal bone, and its basal connections are broken away in both skulls. It is possibly a part of the hyoid apparatus, but if so it
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FDCD1103FDD7FAB3" box="[513,528,1379,1395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">is</emphasis>
|
||
difficult to identify it with any known element. The hypohyal
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F4E9407FE78111FFE04FA4F" bold="true" box="[436,451,1407,1423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="243">is</emphasis>
|
||
more appropriate than any other, but I do not make any identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F499400FE6D1561FC55FD8D" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<table id="8B8157DA1F496BFBFF2C1494FC54FD8D" box="[224,915,244,589]" gridcols="9" gridrows="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C1494FC54FECA" box="[224,915,244,266]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C1494FD4BFECA" box="[224,652,244,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FE6A1494FD8AFECA" box="[422,589,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Measurements of</emphasis>
|
||
Skull
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFD5A1494FD1DFECA" box="[662,730,244,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FD5A1495FD76FEC6" bold="true" box="[662,689,245,262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">No</emphasis>
|
||
. 2.
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C156EFC54FED9" box="[224,915,270,281]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC156EFC54FED9" box="[880,915,270,281]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">MM.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C1540FC54FEF7" box="[224,915,288,311]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C1540FD1DFEF7" box="[224,730,288,311]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FF2D1540FEEAFEF7" box="[225,301,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Length</emphasis>
|
||
of supraoccipital on middle line.....
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFD2D1540FCEEFEF7" box="[737,809,288,311]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">.......</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCFC1540FCF2FEF7" box="[816,821,288,311]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">.</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCF11540FC86FEF7" box="[829,833,288,311]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">.</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFC841540FCA4FEF7" box="[840,867,288,311]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">...</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC1540FC54FEF7" box="[880,915,288,311]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">170</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C155DFC54FE95" box="[224,915,317,341]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C155DFCD9FE95" box="[224,798,317,341]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Length of supraoccipital including occipital condyle..</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCE9155DFCEEFE95" box="[805,809,317,341]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">.</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCFC155DFCF2FE95" box="[816,821,317,341]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">.</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCF1155DFC86FE95" box="[829,833,317,341]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">_</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFC84155DFCA4FE95" box="[840,867,317,341]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">...</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC155DFC54FE95" box="[880,915,317,341]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">230</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C1539FC54FEB0" box="[224,915,345,368]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C1539FD4BFEB0" box="[224,652,345,368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FF2D1539FEE4FEAA" box="[225,291,345,362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Width</emphasis>
|
||
of basioccipital posteriorly
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC1539FC54FEB0" box="[880,915,345,368]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">155</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C1515FC54FE4C" box="[224,915,373,396]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C1515FD4BFE4C" box="[224,652,373,396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Width of foramen magnum</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC1515FC54FE4C" box="[880,915,373,396]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C15F3FC54FE04" box="[224,915,403,452]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C15F3FD36FE04" box="[224,753,403,452]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
vertical
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FF2D15C2FE8CFE74" box="[225,331,418,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Diameters</emphasis>
|
||
occipital Condyle {transverse..........
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFD3515F3FCD9FE04" box="[761,798,403,452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">....</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCE915F3FC86FE04" box="[805,833,403,452]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">...</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFC8415F3FCA4FE04" box="[840,867,403,452]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">...</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC15F3FC54FE04" box="[880,915,403,452]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">40 70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C15AAFC54FE20" box="[224,915,458,480]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C15AAFCA4FE20" box="[224,867,458,480]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Width of distal end of quadrate...........................</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC15AAFC54FE20" box="[880,915,458,480]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">135</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C1586FC54FE3C" box="[224,915,486,508]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C1586FD4BFE3C" box="[224,652,486,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Total length of mandibular ramus</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC1586FC54FE3C" box="[880,915,486,508]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">950</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C1662FC54FDD9" box="[224,915,514,537]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C1662FD4BFDD9" box="[224,652,514,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Length of dentary above.</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC1662FC54FDD9" box="[880,915,514,537]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">480</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C167FFC54FDF5" box="[224,915,543,565]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C167FFD1DFDF5" box="[224,730,543,565]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Length of fourth tooth from alveolus........</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC167FFC54FDF5" box="[880,915,543,565]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">55</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47B1A7381F496BFBFF2C165BFC54FD8D" box="[224,915,571,589]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="0460CE441F496BFBFF2C165BFD1DFD8D" box="[224,730,571,589]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FF2C165BFEE5FD8C" box="[224,290,571,588]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">Width</emphasis>
|
||
of fourth tooth at alveolus.. .. ...... ....
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFD2D165BFCD9FD8D" box="[737,798,571,589]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">.. _. ..</td>
|
||
<td id="0460CE441F496BFBFCBC165BFC54FD8D" box="[880,915,571,589]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FCB0165CFC55FD8D" bold="true" box="[892,914,572,589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">27</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B19BF6F11F499401FF05160DFE5FFDD3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F499400FF05160DFDC4FCCC" blockId="4.[177,960,621,1435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">History.- I described this gigantic reptile in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy for October, 1876, from teeth derived from the Laramie formation of Montana, and afterwards (l. c. December, 1876, p. 340), I described it more fully from a nearly entire dentary bone with teeth from the same region. This individual did not differ much in dimensiones from those now described.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F499401FF061777FDC6FE1A" blockId="4.[177,960,621,1435]" lastBlockId="5.[91,867,232,535]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Our knowledge of the structure of the cranium of the carnivorous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F499400FF7F1753FEE2FC84" box="[179,293,819,836]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Dinosauria</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been very slowly acquired. Buckland and Mantell originally knew only the mandibular rami, but Phillips much later obtained a maxillary bone.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FE45170CFE05FCBD" box="[393,450,876,893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">From</emphasis>
|
||
these fragments he proposed a restoration on the basis of the skull of the Lacertilia, with but a single postorbital bar. In this kind of restoration Prof. Owen coincided on the occasion of his description of another maxillary bone in the Quarterly Journal, Geological Soc. of London, 1883,
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FDE11782FDFEFC32" box="[557,569,994,1010]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">p</emphasis>
|
||
. 334. In a figure of a restoration, he adopted the Lacertilian model instead of the Crocodilian, and he therefore inserted a triangular postorbital, and an elevated coronoid element. He also omitted the preorbital foramen. Dr.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FCC11052FCDDFB83" box="[781,794,1074,1091]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">J</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FCE31052FC81FB83" bold="true" box="[815,838,1074,1091]" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">W</emphasis>
|
||
. Hulke, at that time President of the Geological Society, expressed the opinion, on hearing Prof. Owen‘s paper, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F499400FDD4100AFD6EFB40" box="[536,681,1130,1152]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megalosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FD11100DFCC4FBBB" bold="true" box="[733,771,1133,1147]" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">two</emphasis>
|
||
postorbital bars, an anticipation proven to be correct at a later date. In 1884, Prof. Marsh published a paper which contains a description of the skull of a species of carnivorous Dinosaur which he calls
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F499400FDA410DFFCA6FB10" box="[616,865,1215,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While this animal is probably a species distinct from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F499400FD3F10BBFF35FACD" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
Megalosaurus
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FC4710BCFF35FACD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,* it has not yet been shown to belong to a different genus. In this paper the presence of a zygotnatic arch like that of the Crocodilia is demonstrated for this sole order, and the preorbital foramen is also described. The general and more obvious characters of the cranium are given, but many of those which are necessary for an exact understanding of the position of the genus are not given especially are the characters of the mandibular ramus omitted. In the present paper these omissions are mostly supplied, but
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F489401FEA7156AFEB2FED6" box="[363,373,266,278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="245">a</emphasis>
|
||
number of important problems remain to be definitely settled. See Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1892, Vol. xvii, p. 17, where one of these is stated. I pointed
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F489401FDE61520FD8CFE8D" box="[554,587,320,333]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="245">out</emphasis>
|
||
in 1866, when the genus Laelaps was described, and later, in 1869 (Vol. xiv, Trans. Arner. Philos. Soc), that it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F489401FEA71515FE3DFE4B" box="[363,506,373,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megalosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the much more acute and
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F489401FCFE151AFF6FFE67" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="245">compressed</emphasis>
|
||
claws. I add that the present species differs from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F489401FCC715F1FF5FFE7E" authority="Marsh, 1884" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F489401FCC715F1FCE6FE62" box="[779,801,401,418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="245">M</emphasis>
|
||
. nasecornis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Marsh in the much larger and more anteriorly placed orbits, and in the much smaller prerobital foramen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="9A9AB9741F499400FF0D11D3FE71F9C4" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F499400FF0D11D3FE71F9C4" blockId="4.[175,957,1456,1543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">
|
||
* Amen Jour. Sci. Arts,
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FE5F11D2FE73FA7F" box="[403,436,1458,1471]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">1884</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 330. It has
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FD8F11D2FDAAFA7F" box="[579,621,1458,1471]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">been</emphasis>
|
||
shown that the character
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF579681F499400FCAB11D4FCBBFA7E" bold="true" box="[871,892,1460,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="244">on</emphasis>
|
||
which Prof. Marsh relied to distinguish the genus Ceratosaurus, and the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E81DEF91F499400FCF011A7FC70FA15" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[828,951,1479,1493]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ceratosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, viz., the confluent metapodials, is pathological. The keeled process on the nose is probably only a specific character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="F93EA57A1F489401FFBF1585FE5FFDD3" blockId="5.[91,867,232,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="245">Figures of these remains will he given in the final publication by the Geological Survey of Canada.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |