189 lines
17 KiB
XML
189 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.473.8787" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53ecf23c-bb79-49e6-85df-ba2e9ad2e873" ID-PMC="PMC4304044" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-473-147" ID-PubMed="25632256" ID-ZBK="48597AE668824FCAB25682F24E89E6C1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-473-147" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 473" ModsDocTitle="First record of the genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera, Prosopistomatidae) in Taiwan" checkinTime="1451244804394" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yam, Rita S. W." docDate="2015" docId="402E29EFF714E4EFFCEC3001E859D817" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 473: 147-156" docOrigin="ZooKeys 473" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.473.8787" docTitle="Prosopistoma sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="FFAFEA489A5FEF41FFF53C2D4C02A962" masterDocTitle="First record of the genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera, Prosopistomatidae) in Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1668159825016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First record of the genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera, Prosopistomatidae) in Taiwan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yam, Rita S. W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>473</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>147</mods:start>
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<mods:end>156</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.473.8787</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.473.8787</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-473-147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">48597AE668824FCAB25682F24E89E6C1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">48597AE668824FCAB25682F24E89E6C1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:402E29EFF714E4EFFCEC3001E859D817" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/402E29EFF714E4EFFCEC3001E859D817" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Taxon classification Animalia Ephemeroptera Prosopistomatidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma sp.</taxonomicName>
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Figs 3, 4, 5, 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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ECL-20100701-1: 1 nymph, TAIWAN, Baishih River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.882694">24.882695°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.65624">121.656242°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 1.vii.2010. ECL-20100707-2: 1 nymph, TAIWAN,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="149" start="start">Baishih</pageBreakToken>
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River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.882694">24.882695°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.65624">121.656242°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 7.vii.2010. ECL-20100707-3: same data as ECL-20100707-2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
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Immature nymph. Body length 1.5-2 mm, excluding caudal filaments. Head yellowish with a small red median ocellus, width about 3 times longer than length. Carapace coloration orange, with two white eye-spot markings on each side close to the mid line, about 2/3 of the distance from the base of the head. Distal end of carapace with a concave exhalent notch (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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sp. whole nymph: A Dorsal view B Ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
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Head. Antenna with 5 segments, segment III longest (Fig. 4A). Labrum narrow, 3 times wider than long, surface with stout setae, anterior margin with sparse setae (Fig. 4B). Left and right mandibles similar, outer canine longer than the inner one, outer canine with three apical teeth, outer tooth the smallest with smooth outer margin, inner tooth the largest, with three short spines along the inner margin. Inner canine with two apical teeth, inner tooth larger with outer margin smooth, inner margin with two small spines. Two smooth setae below the inner tooth (Figs 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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). A single simple seta present lateromedially on each mandible (Fig. 4C). Maxillae with1 rigid canine at tip, with 3 subequal dentisetae and 3 stout setae (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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). A simple seta at 2/3 of the sclerotized section of galea-lacinia (Fig. 4E-F). Maxillary palp 3-segmented, with segment II the longest (Fig. 4E). Labium composed of prementum and postmentum. Prementum trapezoid, cutting edge with fine teeth (Fig. 4G). Postmentum with large notch, to house the prementum (Fig. 4H). Labial palp 3-segmented, with the second the longest (Fig. 4G).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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sp.: A Antenna B Labrum C Mandible D Magnified view of inner and outer canine of mandible E Maxillae F Tip of Maxillae G Prementum with labial palps H postmentum. Scale bar in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="150" start="start">Legs</pageBreakToken>
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. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore femur smooth (Figs 5A, 6A). Ventral margin of fore tibia with a row of 4 serrated setae (Figs 5B, 6C). Apical serrated setae on tibiae of legs II and III (Figs 5D, F, 6B,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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). Claws of all legs sharp and without denticles (Fig. 6D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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sp.: A Leg I B Apex of ventral margin of tibia showing 4 serrated spines C Leg II D Apex of ventral margin of tibia of leg II E Leg III F Apex of ventral margin of tibia of leg III G Gill I H Upper lamellae portion of gill I. Scale bar in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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Figure 6. SEM of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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sp.: A Leg I B Dorsal margin of tibia of leg I C Ventral margin of tibia of leg I, showing 4 serrated spines (indicated by white arrows). Note spines 1 and 4 are broken D Claw of leg I E Leg II F Fore-tibia of leg II G Leg III H Apex of fore-tibia of leg III. Scale bar in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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Abdomen. Posterolateral projections of abdominal segments VII-IX sharp and with pointed apex (Fig. 3B). Three caudal filaments short and setose (Fig. 3B). Gill I with long upper lamellate portions, lamellate margin serrated, lower portions divided into several branches (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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). Gill II leaf-like unbranched. Gill VI tiny, unbranched.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Distribution. At present, this unnamed species is only recorded in Baishih River from Taiwan.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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Habitat. The collection site BA1 is an undisturbed forested-stream (356 m a.s.l., Fig. 2) with wetted width (6.3-10.5 m) and depth (0.2-0.7 m) relatively constant throughout the year. This site is generally oligotrophic (nitrate-nitrogen <0.01 mg/L, ammonium-nitrogen = 1.40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.28 mg/L, total phosphorus = 0.10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.06 mg/L). Nymphs were found within the riffles with accumulated leaf packs on the bed substrates dominated by gravels and pebbles, moderate to high current velocity (26.7-65.1 cm/s) and high dissolved oxygen level (7.3-9.6 mg/L). Nymphs were rare and they contribute to the relative composition of the mayfly community by 0.19% during the study period. Dominant families of mayfly nymphs collected in the same habitat included
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<taxonomicName family="Baetidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Heptageniidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="family">Heptageniidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Leptophlebiidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Caenidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="family">Caenidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="150" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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According to the diagnostic key in
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<bibRefCitation author="Shi, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" pagination="89 - 096" title="A new species of Prosopistoma (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from China with a key to Oriental species." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.8" volume="3718" year="2013">Shi and Tong (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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, the immature nymphs of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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sp. are morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma ocellatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellatum">Prosopistoma ocellatum</taxonomicName>
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. The coloration pattern of the collected immature nymphs in Taiwan is similar to the immature stage of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma ocellatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellatum">Prosopistoma ocellatum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma annamense" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamense">Prosopistoma annamense</taxonomicName>
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. However, as the important diagnostic characteristics, such as number of setae on fore tibia and number of antennal segments, are likely to change with ontogenetic shift, we cannot properly diagnose our specimens due to the lack of mature nymphs collected through extensive sampling in the present study.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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Habitat of the nymphs of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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sp. are similar to most
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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such as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma annamense" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamense">Prosopistoma annamense</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma olympus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olympus">Prosopistoma olympus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma ocellatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellatum">Prosopistoma ocellatum</taxonomicName>
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. Their habitats are generally located in the undisturbed upstream site (altitude = 200-800 m a.s.l.) commonly characterized by stony streambed, shallow water depth, and moderate to high current velocity (
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<bibRefCitation author="Soldan, T" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomology of Bohemoslovaca" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" pagination="370 - 376" title="Two new species of the genus Prosopistoma (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from Vietnam." volume="81" year="1984">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
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and Braasch 1984
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sartori, M" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" pagination="301 - 305" title="First record and new species of the genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera, Prosopistomatidae) from Borneo (East Kalimantan, Indonesia)." volume="76" year="2003">Sartori and Gattolliat 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Shi, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" pagination="89 - 096" title="A new species of Prosopistoma (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from China with a key to Oriental species." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.8" volume="3718" year="2013">Shi and Tong 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) except that nymphs of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma annamense" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamense">Prosopistoma annamense</taxonomicName>
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were recorded in the large urban river Xiangjiang from China (
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<bibRefCitation author="Liu, B" journalOrPublisher="Acta Hydfrobiol Sin" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" pagination="225 - 236" title="An evaluation on pollution in the Xiang Jiang River by using zoobenthos." volume="8" year="1984">Liu et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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In this study, the finding of three immature nymphs of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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sp. from the upstream site of Baishih River represents the first record of this rarely collected genus in Taiwan. Thus, further collections should be conducted at more river sites to obtain the mature nymphs to ascertain the taxonomic status of this
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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sp. in Taiwan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |