212 lines
19 KiB
XML
212 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0dfb41e-097f-47cf-a691-e0ed156f0dd6" ID-PMC="PMC6908515" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-896-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" ID-PubMed="31844412" ID-ZooBank="3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534" ModsDocID="1313-2970-896-1" checkinTime="1575565016593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reemer, Menno, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott" docDate="2019" docId="3E8EFA8014ED59E998788C9F3ECB5420" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 896: 1-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 896" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" docTitle="Peradon sciarus Reemer" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168194872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reemer, Menno</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skevington, Jeffrey H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kelso, Scott</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>896</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>93</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-896-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160631120" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E8EFA8014ED59E998788C9F3ECB5420" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E8EFA8014ED59E998788C9F3ECB5420" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3E8EFA80-14ED-59E9-9878-8C9F3ECB5420" authority="Reemer" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon sciarus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciarus">Peradon sciarus Reemer</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–52" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 48 - 52. 48 Peradon satyricus, head profile 49, 50 Hind legs of Peradon: 49 P. satyricus 50 P. bidens 51, 52 Head in frontal view: 51 P. costaricensis 52 P. sciarus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures48-52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362281" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures48-52">Figs 52</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 112–118" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 112 - 118. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 112 P. satyricus ♂ holotype 113 P. sciarus ♂ holotype 114 P. bidens typical variation ♀ (holotype M. flavomarginatum Curran) 115 P. bidens typical morph ♂ Suriname RMNH 116 P. bidens morph langi ♂ Suriname RMNH 117 P. costaricensis ♂ paratype 118 P. costaricensis ♀ paratype. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures112-118" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures112-118">113</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 240–245" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figures 240 - 245. 240 - 242 Peradon satyricus male, holotype: 240 habitus lateral 241 head frontal 242 scutellum dorsal 243 Peradon sciarus male holotype: habitus lateral 244, 245 Peradon cf. sciarus female: 244 habitus lateral 245 habitus dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362311" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245">243-245</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 262–267" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figures 262 - 267. Male genitalia of Peradon species 262 P. hermetoides holotype 263 P. elongatus holotype 264 P. oligonax Colombia NHMUK 265 P. satyricus holotype 266 P. sciarus paratype 267 P. bidens Suriname RMNH." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362315" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267">266</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon sciarus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciarus">Peradon sciarus</taxonomicName>
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Reemer, 2014: 45. Holotype ♂: Surinam, Awarradam (RMNH). [examined]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="studied type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Studied type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Suriname • 1 ♂, holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon sciarus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciarus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon sciarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Reemer; Awarradam, along Gran Rio River;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="3.844722">03°50'41"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-55.61333">55°36'48"W</geoCoordinate>
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; 13 Apr. 2006; M. Reemer leg.; RMNH. Label 1: "SURINAME. Awarradam / along Gran Rio river. /
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<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="3.844722">03°50'41"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-55.61333">55°36'48"W</geoCoordinate>
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/ 13.iv.2006 / M. Reemer" • 1 ♂, paratype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon sciarus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciarus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon sciarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Reemer; same data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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French Guiana • 1 ♂, paratype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon sciarus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciarus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon sciarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Reemer; Roura, Kaw road, PK 37, Relais Patawa;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="4.545">04°32'42"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-52.1525">52°09'09"W</geoCoordinate>
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; Nov. 2008; J.A. Cerda leg.; RMNH.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia • 1 ♂; Caqueta, 10 km south Florencia; 23 Jan. 1969; R.E. Dietz leg.; USNM.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Peru • 1 ♂; San Martin, around San Roque de Cumbaza;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="4.96" value="-7.384711">7°23'4.96"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.4" value="-76.431496">76°25'53.4"W</geoCoordinate>
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; 15-31 Jan. 2015; T. Faasen leg.; RMNH (DNA voucher MR566 / CNC464839).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="studied specimens of p. cf. sciarus">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Studied specimens of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sciarus</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Peru • 1 ♀; San Martin Prov. 23 km S Picota, Concervacion Mun. Zona Barreal;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="south" minutes="04.88" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-7.081333">07°04.88'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="18.89" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-76.314835">76°18.89'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 335 m a.s.l.; M.E. Irwin & J.D. Vasquez leg.; CSCA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Body length: male 10-12 mm. Males are entirely black without pale wing markings, the face is black medially, and there is no fascia of golden pile along the mesonotal transverse suture. Males are clearly more slender than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. satyricus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="satyricus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. satyricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has a produced vertex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The female is not known with certainty, but one specimen from Peru possibly belongs to this species. In contrast with the male, the female has large yellowish white subapical wing patches (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 240–245" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figures 240 - 245. 240 - 242 Peradon satyricus male, holotype: 240 habitus lateral 241 head frontal 242 scutellum dorsal 243 Peradon sciarus male holotype: habitus lateral 244, 245 Peradon cf. sciarus female: 244 habitus lateral 245 habitus dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362311" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245">Figs 244</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 240–245" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figures 240 - 245. 240 - 242 Peradon satyricus male, holotype: 240 habitus lateral 241 head frontal 242 scutellum dorsal 243 Peradon sciarus male holotype: habitus lateral 244, 245 Peradon cf. sciarus female: 244 habitus lateral 245 habitus dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362311" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245">245</figureCitation>
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), which make it look like
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. niger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. niger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pompiloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pompiloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pompiloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. From
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. niger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. niger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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it differs by the partly bare alula. From
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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it differs by the absence of a fascia of golden pile along the mesonotal transverse suture, the presence of a large basomedian patch of greyish pruinescence on tergite 4, and the absence of such pruinescence on the basal 1/3 of tergite 3. From
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pompiloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pompiloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pompiloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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it differs by the partly bare wing cell br.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The male specimens from Colombia and Peru are 1-2 mm larger than the male type specimens from Surinam and French Guiana, and their wings are a little darker.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The genitalia figured in
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 262–267" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figures 262 - 267. Male genitalia of Peradon species 262 P. hermetoides holotype 263 P. elongatus holotype 264 P. oligonax Colombia NHMUK 265 P. satyricus holotype 266 P. sciarus paratype 267 P. bidens Suriname RMNH." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362315" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267">Fig. 266</figureCitation>
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are those of the holotype.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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figures the genitalia of the paratype, but in less detail and also from a slightly oblique angle, instead from a proper lateral view. The figure in the present paper should be considered more accurate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The female from Peru here identified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sciarus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sciarus">P. cf. sciarus</taxonomicName>
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is assigned to this species based on the COI barcode, which is almost identical to that of a Peruvian male of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sciarus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sciarus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sciarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it differs in one single nucleotide (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 8. Maximum Likelihood tree of COI barcodes of Peradon species. The scale at the bottom is a distance scale for the number of substitutions per site. Information on the barcoded specimens can be found in Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figure8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). The most striking difference of this female with the males is the presence of a large yellowish white subapical wing patch (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 240–245" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figures 240 - 245. 240 - 242 Peradon satyricus male, holotype: 240 habitus lateral 241 head frontal 242 scutellum dorsal 243 Peradon sciarus male holotype: habitus lateral 244, 245 Peradon cf. sciarus female: 244 habitus lateral 245 habitus dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362311" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245">Figs 244</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 240–245" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figures 240 - 245. 240 - 242 Peradon satyricus male, holotype: 240 habitus lateral 241 head frontal 242 scutellum dorsal 243 Peradon sciarus male holotype: habitus lateral 244, 245 Peradon cf. sciarus female: 244 habitus lateral 245 habitus dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362311" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures240-245">245</figureCitation>
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). Similar cases of sexual dimorphism in wing colouration occur in other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. chrysopygus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chrysopygus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. chrysopygus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), so this does not contradict the hypothesis that this female belongs to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sciarus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sciarus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sciarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This female is also similar to the males in other characters, such as the absence of a fascia of golden pile along the mesonotal transverse suture, the partially bare wing cell br and the partly bare alula.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known from Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, and Suriname.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |