282 lines
32 KiB
XML
282 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77176672-46b6-4038-94bc-19d42179a207" ID-PMC="PMC3088040" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-74-1" ID-PubMed="21594135" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-74-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 74" ModsDocTitle="Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia’s Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)" checkinTime="1451250850120" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Loughman, Zachary J. & Simon, Thomas P." docDate="2011" docId="C395EA5B75A2E0AF50D249166BF20A18" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 74: 1-78" docOrigin="ZooKeys 74" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808" docTitle="Orconectes ((Procericambarus)) rusticus Girard 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="6864053DFFF0FFA5B11CFFA0557B1B45" masterDocTitle="Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668165538016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Loughman, Zachary J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Thomas P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>74</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>78</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-74-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C395EA5B75A2E0AF50D249166BF20A18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C395EA5B75A2E0AF50D249166BF20A18" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName authority="Girard, 1852" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1852" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes ((Procericambarus)) rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus" subGenus="(Procericambarus)">Orconectes (Procericambarus) rusticus (Girard, 1852)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Cambarus rusticus</taxonomicName>
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Girard 1852:88.
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<bibRefCitation author="Faxon, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="356 - 361" title="A list of the Astacidae in the United States National Museum." volume="8" year="1885">Faxon 1885</bibRefCitation>
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:108, fig. 8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus juvenilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvenilis">Cambarus juvenilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hagen 1870</bibRefCitation>
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:66, figs. 29-33, 157.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Faxonius) rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus" subGenus="Faxonius">Cambarus (Faxonius) rusticus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="91 - 136" title="The mutual affinities of the species of Cambarus, and their dispersal over the United States." volume="44" year="1905 b">Ortmann 1905b</bibRefCitation>
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:112.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Faxonius rusticus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Williamson 1907</bibRefCitation>
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:753.
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<bibRefCitation author="Creaser, EP" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 9" title="Seasonal changes in male populations of Faxonius propinquus." volume="253" year="1933 a">Creaser 1933a</bibRefCitation>
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:5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Faxonius) rusticus subsp. rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rusticus" subGenus="Faxonius" subSpecies="rusticus">Cambarus (Faxonius) rusticus rusticus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="61 - 160" title="The crawfishes of the southern Appalachians and the Cumberland Plateau." volume="20" year="1931">Ortmann 1931</bibRefCitation>
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:82.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Faxonius) juvenilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvenilis" subGenus="Faxonius">Cambarus (Faxonius) juvenilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="61 - 160" title="The crawfishes of the southern Appalachians and the Cumberland Plateau." volume="20" year="1931">Ortmann 1931</bibRefCitation>
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:84 [in part].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius (Faxonius) rusticus subsp. rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rusticus" subGenus="Faxonius" subSpecies="rusticus">Faxonius (Faxonius) rusticus rusticus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Creaser, EP" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 21" title="Descriptions of some new and poorly known species of North American crayfishes." volume="275" year="1933 b">Creaser 1933b</bibRefCitation>
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:21.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus subsp. rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rusticus" subSpecies="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus rusticus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="344 - 357" title="A generic revision of the crayfish subfamily Cambarinae (Decapoda: Astacidae), with the description of a new genus and species." volume="28" year="1942 a">Hobbs 1942a</bibRefCitation>
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:352.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="57 - 79" title="Geographic variation in the crawfish Faxonella clypeata (Hay) with the definition and defense of the genus Faxonella (Crustacea: Astacidae)." volume="10" year="1963">Fitzpatrick 1963</bibRefCitation>
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:61.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Orconectes) juvenilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvenilis" subGenus="Orconectes">Orconectes (Orconectes) juvenilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="University of Florida Publications of Biological Science Series" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 179" title="Crayfishes of Florida." volume="3" year="1942 b">Hobbs 1942b</bibRefCitation>
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:154.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Pennak, RW" journalOrPublisher="Roland Press Company, New York, New York" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" title="Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States" year="1953">Pennak 1953</bibRefCitation>
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:465.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hobbs 1972</bibRefCitation>
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:92, figs. 74c, 75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–d">b-d</normalizedToken>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Page, LM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="335 - 448" title="The crayfishes and shrimp of Illinois." volume="33" year="1985">Page 1985</bibRefCitation>
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:412, figs 145-147.
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="25 - 38" title="Conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada." volume="21" year="1996">Taylor et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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:31.
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="372 - 389" title="A reassessment of the conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada after 10 + years of increased awareness." volume="32" year="2007">Taylor et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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:385.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Procambarus rusticus</taxonomicName>
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Huner 1978:4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Procericambarus) rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus" subGenus="Procericambarus">Orconectes (Procericambarus) rusticus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="44 - 74" title="The subgenera of the crawfish genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae)." volume="100" year="1987">Fitzpatrick 1987</bibRefCitation>
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:58.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH III" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the Milwaukee Public Museum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 177" title="The crayfishes and shrimp of Wisconsin" volume="5" year="1988">Hobbs and Jass 1988</bibRefCitation>
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:66-78, figs. 46
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
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46m, 47-49.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 236" title="An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae)." volume="480" year="1989">Hobbs 1989</bibRefCitation>
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:49, fig. 174.
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<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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:52-58, figs 23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
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23h.
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Crustacean Biology" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="132 - 152" title="Systematic studies of the Orconectes juvenilis complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae), with descriptions of two new species." volume="20" year="2000">Taylor 2000</bibRefCitation>
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:132. Taylor and Shuster 2004:192-195, figs. 163, 164
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–">A-</normalizedToken>
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164G.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Rostrum with concave margins, not thickened, with spines or tubercles; median carina absent; mandible with smooth cutting edge. Cephalothorax oval, slightly dorsoventrally compressed in profile. Areola 4.6-19.4 times longer than wide, comprising 36-39% of TCL, with 2-3 rows of punctations across narrowest region; branchiostegal spine poorly developed; suborbital angle obsolete or poorly developed. Chelae robust; mesial surface of palm with two rows of defined tubercles, first row with 5-9 tubercles; second row with 4-9 tubercles of smaller diameter. First form male gonopods long, comprising 26% of TCL, with 2 straight terminal elements; central projection comprising 56% of gonopod length; well developed shoulder at cephalic base of central projection. Second form male gonopod non-corneous, straight, mesial process slightly subequal in length to central projection, blunt, shoulder not evident. Annulus ventralis rhomboid in shape, fossa moderately large, cephlolateral prominences well developed, trough narrow, sinus evident on caudal surface.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="color in life">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Color in life.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Carapace and abdomen dark green or brown; large rusty lateral blotch present on each side of posterior margin of carapace; fixed finger of propodus and dactyl with red tips and black band; ventral surfaces cream or white.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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were only collected from Marshall County at two locations in the current study, as listed below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MARSHALL COUNTY: PPG Wildlife Management Area adjacent to RT 2 S, 39.736244 -80.84638; 21 March 2006 - (WLU 06032103), 1 I♂; 18 April 2006 - (WLU 06041802) 4 I♂. WETZEL COUNTY: Ohio River backwater at Marshall/Wetzel County line, 39.717846 -80.514959; 2 April 2004 - (WLU 04040203), 4 I♂, 3 O♀; 11 April 2004 - (WLU 04041101), 3 I♂, 3 O♀; 21 March 2006 - (WLU 06032101), 10 I♂, 1 O♀; 18 April 2006 - (WLU 06041801) 9 I♂, 3 ♀.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 23)is native to lower and central portions of the Ohio River system in Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana north to western portions of Lake Erie in southeastern Michigan and north western Ohio (
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Crustacean Biology" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="132 - 152" title="Systematic studies of the Orconectes juvenilis complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae), with descriptions of two new species." volume="20" year="2000">Taylor 2000</bibRefCitation>
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.), and is one of two invasive crayfish species in West Virginia. Prior to this survey, it appeared to be limited to Four Pole Creek in Huntington, and isolated sections of the Kanawha and Little Kanawha River systems. Both floodplain populations are allied with the upper Ohio River South basin in the northern panhandle (Figure 10) and are associated with Ohio River embayments adjacent to industrial sites. Additional investigators discovered
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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populations throughout the Kanawha River system in recent years (Casey Swecker, Marshall University, personal communication).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
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23.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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, Middle Ohio North basin, Marshall County, West Virginia - WLU 04040203
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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The Upper Ohio South basin is the only basin within the floodplain that currently harbors
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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populations. Bayer Chemical Plant and Pittsburgh Paint and Glass (PPG) Chemical Plant both possess embayments connected to the Ohio River mainstem that contain
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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populations. The PPG population is present in a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“pond”">"pond"</normalizedToken>
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with a connection to the Ohio River mainstem. The Bayer population is present in a series of backwaters with mainstem connections. Trapping results show that the Bayer population has higher densities than the PPG population.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Why
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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is limited to these two backwaters despite its presence in the Ohio River mainstem needs furthur investigation. Populations present in the mainstem could operate as sources for future invasions into new watersheds. The extent of the range of
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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within the mainstem is also in need of future work. Given the Ohio
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<normalizedToken originalValue="River’s">River's</normalizedToken>
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manipulation into a series of non-contiguous pools, investigations into those pools that harbor
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
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populations and those pools that do not is a proactive move to understand basins at risk of future invasions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="morphometrics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Morphometrics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Forty-four
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from two sites. The largest individual was an ovigerous female 44.1 mm TCL. The largest male was a 38.4 mm TCL form I male from PPG Wildlife Management Lake. Mean
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
TCL was 31.0 mm (n = 41, SE = 6.12). Nine females were ovigerous and had a mean carapace length of 30.1 mm. Morphometrics data for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presented in Table 12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="C4F167FE36E3BD13D4AE66BE140C2867" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F167FE36E3BD13D4AE66BE140C2867" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Table 12. West Virginia Ohio River floodplain
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphometrics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<table pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<tr pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">N</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Minimum</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Maximum</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Standard Deviation</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="habitat and natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Habitat and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
In West
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Virginia’s">Virginia's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ohio River floodplain,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits two Ohio River back- waters (Figure 10). Both embayments are nutrient rich, shallow, lentic systems with an abundance of detritus and algae. Nutrient-rich environments are preferred habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Ohio River backwaters provide ideal conditions for the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH III" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="299 - 316" title="A review of global crayfish introductions with particular emphasis on two North American species (Decapoda. Cambaridae)" volume="56" year="1989">Hobbs et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lodge, DM" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="7 - 20" title="Nonindigenous crayfishes threaten North American freshwater biodiversity: lessons from Europe." volume="25" year="2000 a">Lodge et al. 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in this study were trapped in late winter and early spring. Very little natural behavior was observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Life</pageBreakToken>
|
||
history parameters of the Bayer population were determined from specimens and a review of the literature. All males captured in traps in March and April were form I and possessed heavily encrusted carapaces. The level of encrustation is directly proportional to the length of time between molts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 549" title="The Crayfishes of Georgia." volume="318" year="1981">Hobbs 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given the conditions of collected males, which in many instances were black and encrusted, individuals likely molted into form I the previous fall. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations undergo a late summer/fall mating season, and it is likely that this population may mate during the fall as well (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" title="Crayfishes of Kentucky" volume="28" year="2004">Taylor and Schuster 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Ovigerous females were collected on 2, 14, and 18 April 2006 (Table 9). Seventy percent of females were ovigerous at this time. Egg counts increased with female size and ranged from 75 ova for 26.5 mm TCL to 356 for a 35.9 mm TCL female. Mean egg diameter was 1.8 mm. There was not a correlation between egg number and TCL (r2 = 0.18, n = 7); however, this could possibly be an artifact from small sample size. Date of egg extrusion and counts are similar to native Kentucky populations at similar latitudes (Prins 1968). Females likely mate in the fall, hold active sperm inside spermatheca throughout the winter, and extrude eggs in late-March.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in previous life history studies were noted to undergo the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orconectes</taxonomicName>
|
||
life history cycle, which has been explained in the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
natural history section (Prins 1968;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Capelli, GM" journalOrPublisher="Limnology and Oceanography" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="741 - 745" title="Displacement of northern Wisconsin crayfish by Orconectes rusticus." volume="27" year="1982">Capelli 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="181 - 192" title="Life history notes and distributions of crayfishes from Chagrin River Basin, Northeastern Ohio." volume="82" year="1982">Jezerinac 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
expansion into new territory was observed at the Bayer site. A headwater stream that was not connected to the Bayer series of backwaters became connected to this system in the spring of 2004. At this time extensive survey efforts were undertaken to determine if
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was present within the stream; none were found. Ten months after initial surveys of this stream,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus">Orconectes rusticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
had migrated 2 km upstream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="conservation status within study area">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">Conservation</pageBreakToken>
|
||
status within study area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Given the aggressive natureof this invasive species, annual monitoring efforts are warranted. The impact of this species on native crayfish communities in northern West Virginia is unknown and should be determined as soon as possible.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |