treatments-xml/data/91/6A/E0/916AE07114F34E40E1F5F6E2EC91D935.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873" ID-PMC="PMC4489085" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-50-61" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB1FFBCFF9CFFDDE37D7217FF84FF94" ID-PubMed="26140021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576278" ModsDocID="1314-2003-50-61" checkinTime="1451251517643" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Valdespino, Ivan A., Heringer, Gustavo, Salino, Alexandre, Goes-Neto, Luiz A. de Araujo &amp; Ceballos, Jorge" docDate="2015" docId="916AE07114F34E40E1F5F6E2EC91D935" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 50: 61-99" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 50" docPubDate="2015-06-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873" docTitle="Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFB1FFBCFF9CFFDDE37D7217FF84FF94" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FFB1FFBCFF9CFFDDE37D7217FF84FF94" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of Selaginella subg. Stachygynandrum (Selaginellaceae) from Brazil and new synonyms for the genus" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1668141371619" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Seven new species of Selaginella subg. Stachygynandrum (Selaginellaceae) from Brazil and new synonyms for the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Valdespino, Ivan A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botanica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnologia, Universidad de Panama, Apartado Postal 0824 - 00073, Panama</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Heringer, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, CEP 36.570 - 000 Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Salino, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 486, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Goes-Neto, Luiz A. de Araujo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 486, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ceballos, Jorge</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843 - 03092, Panama</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-06-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>50</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>61</mods:start>
<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-50-61</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB1FFBCFF9CFFDDE37D7217FF84FF94</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576278</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025794" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:916AE07114F34E40E1F5F6E2EC91D935" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/916AE07114F34E40E1F5F6E2EC91D935" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName LSID="916AE071-14F3-4E40-E1F5-F6E2EC91D935" authority="Valdespino" authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola" status="sp. nov.">Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="12" pageNumber="73">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem B Upper surface of median leaf C Section of lower surface of stem D Lower surface of lateral leaf. A-D taken from paratype, Prance et al. 19337 (NY). Selaginella prasina Baker E Upper surface of median leaf F Lower surface of lateral leaf E, F taken from Smith et al. 115583 (GH)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45224" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Figures 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino. A Microspore proximal face B Microspore distal face A, B taken from holotype, Prance et al. 19126 (NY)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45225" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">, 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="74">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="74" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically close to 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella prasina" order="Selaginellales" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Selaginella prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baker but differs from it by having median leaves on main stems ovate or ovate-elliptic (vs. oblong to oblong-elliptic), with acute (vs. obtuse) apices, distally entire (vs. toothed), inner margins entire (vs. dentate distally), narrowly hyaline (vs. green) with (vs. without) a band of 1-3 elongate and papillate cells, leaf bases rounded to oblique (vs. decurrent), strobili borne throughout the stems and weakly defined (vs. terminal and compact), with (vs. without) continuous, vegetative growth from the apices, sporophylls similar to (vs. well-differentiated from) vegetative leaves, and light-orange (vs. deep orange) megaspores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="74" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">BRAZIL</emphasis>
. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
, Gorge of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Véu">Veu</normalizedToken>
de Noiva [ca. 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-15.405833">15°24'21&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-55.836666">55°50'12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], [ca. 720 m] 17 Oct 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">G.T. Prance et al. 19126</emphasis>
(holotype: NY!; isotypes: INPA!, PMA-fragment!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="75" start="start">Plants</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
epipetric or epiphytic. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Stems</emphasis>
creeping, stramineous to green, 1.5-3 cm long, 0.05-0.2 mm diam., exarticulate, not flagelliform or stoloniferous, 1-branched. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Rhizophores</emphasis>
axillary, borne throughout stems, filiform, 0.05-0.1 mm diam. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Leaves</emphasis>
heteromorphic throughout, thin-membranaceous, both surfaces glabrous, upper surfaces green, lower surfaces silvery green. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Lateral leaves</emphasis>
distant or imbricate apically, patent to slightly ascending, ovate, ovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong, 0.9-1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-0.8 mm; bases rounded, acroscopic bases slightly to strongly overlapping the stems, basiscopic bases free from the stems; acroscopic margins on upper surfaces greenish or narrowly hyaline, if the latter, in a band 1 or 2 cells wide, the cells elongate and papillate parallel to margins, papillae in 1 row over each cell lumen, on lower surfaces hyaline in a band 2-4 cells wide, the cells as on upper surfaces, entire or minutely serrulate along distal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
, basiscopic margins on upper surfaces greenish on lower surfaces, narrowly hyaline marginally in a band 2-4 cells wide, the cells as along acroscopic hyaline margins, entire or inconspicuously denticulate throughout; apices rounded to broadly acute, entire or tipped by 1-3 teeth; upper surfaces comprising rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled cells, some of these on or near basiscopic and apical regions of the laminae covered by 2-4 papillae, without idioblasts and with stomata along margins, lower surfaces comprising elongate, sinuate-walled cells, some of these papillate and idioblast-like, papillae in 1 row over each cell lumen, with stomata irregularly distributed along midribs, as well as on acroscopic half of the laminae and on both margins (visible in both surfaces of the laminae). 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Median leaves</emphasis>
distant or imbricate apically, ascending to spreading, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 0.6-0.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-0.5 mm; bases rounded or oblique, ventricose (i.e., swollen); margins narrowly hyaline in a band 1-3 cells wide, the cells elongate and papillate parallel to margins, papillae in 1 row over each cell lumen, entire; apices acute, entire (not distinctly tipped by teeth or cilia); both surfaces without idioblasts, upper surfaces comprising rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled cells, many of these covered by 2-4 papillae, with stomata throughout the laminae and some near submarginal region of the outer bases, lower surfaces comprising elongate, sinuate-walled cells, without stomata. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Axillary leaves</emphasis>
similar to lateral leaves. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Strobili</emphasis>
borne throughout the stems, weakly defined, lax, flattened, 1.0-2.0 mm. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Sporophylls</emphasis>
similar to or slightly differentiated from vegetative leaves, monomorphic to subdimorphic, without a laminar flap, ovate, 0.7-1.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-0.8 mm, each without a keel; bases rounded; margins narrowly hyaline, entire; apices acute, entire (not distinctly tipped by teeth or cilia); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">dorsal sporophylls</emphasis>
with upper surfaces green and cells as in median leaves, except for the half that overlaps the ventral sporophylls, there hyaline to greenish hyaline with elongate, papillate, and slightly sinuate-walled cells, lower surfaces silvery green and comprising elongate, sinuate-walled cells; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">ventral sporophylls</emphasis>
with both surfaces hyaline to greenish hyaline, comprising elongate, sinuate-walled cells. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Megasporangia</emphasis>
few in 1 ventral row; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">megaspores</emphasis>
light-orange, mostly absent, proximal and distal faces not observed, not measured. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Microsporangia</emphasis>
in 2 dorsal rows and in 1 ventral row or few and in axils of median leaves; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">microspores</emphasis>
deep orange, areolate-fossulate with granulate microstructure on proximal and distal faces, 25-31 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="75" type="habitat and distribution">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="14" pageNumber="75" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among other species here described by its apparent adaptation to very wet areas near waterfalls and perhaps even partially submerged in water along creek banks in Cerrado vegetation. At present, this species is known only from the high plateau of the Chapada dos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
, Mato Grosso, Brazil, where it may be a local endemic, growing on wet rocks or wet logs at 600-720 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="75">
The epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">saltus</emphasis>
, meaning jump, drop or fall and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="75">cola</emphasis>
, meaning dweller, inhabitant, and alludes to it habitat near 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“cachoeiras”">&quot;cachoeiras&quot;</normalizedToken>
(waterfalls).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="14" pageNumber="75" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="75">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="76" start="start">Selaginella</pageBreakToken>
saltuicola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be restricted to the Chapada dos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
area, where the Cerrado vegetation is dominant and severely threatened by human activities (
<bibRefCitation author="Oliveira-Filho, AT" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="24" pageNumber="85" pagination="307 - 332" publicationUrl="10.1017/S0960428600003036" refId="B16" refString="Oliveira-Filho, AT, Martins, FR, 1991. A comparative study of five cerrado areas in southern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48 (3): 307 - 332, DOI: 10.1017/S0960428600003036" title="A comparative study of five cerrado areas in southern Mato Grosso, Brazil." url="10.1017/S0960428600003036" volume="48" year="1991">Oliveira-Filho and Martins 1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Ratter, JA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="24" pageNumber="85" pagination="223 - 230" publicationUrl="10.1006/anbo.1997.0469" refId="B21" refString="Ratter, JA, Ribeiro, JF, Bridgewater, S, 1997. The Brazilian cerrado vegetation and threats to its biodiversity. Annals of Botany 80: 223 - 230, DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1997.0469" title="The Brazilian cerrado vegetation and threats to its biodiversity." url="10.1006/anbo.1997.0469" volume="80" year="1997">Ratter et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Struessmann, C" journalOrPublisher="Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment" pageId="24" pageNumber="85" pagination="37 - 46" publicationUrl="10.1080/01650520802628295" refId="B27" refString="Struessmann, C, Mott, T, 2009. Sympatric amphisbaenids from Manso Dam region, Mato Grosso state, western Brazil, with the description of a new two-pored species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 44 (1): 37 - 46, DOI: 10.1080/01650520802628295" title="Sympatric amphisbaenids from Manso Dam region, Mato Grosso state, western Brazil, with the description of a new two-pored species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae)." url="10.1080/01650520802628295" volume="44" year="2009">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Strüssmann">Struessmann</normalizedToken>
and Mott 2009
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may therefore be tentatively considered vulnerable (VU), according to 
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" refId="B10" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission" year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
categories and criteria, at least until additional distributional and conservation status studies can be carried out.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="additional specimens examined (paratypes)">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Additional specimens examined (paratypes).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">BRAZIL</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Mato Grosso</emphasis>
: Waterfall at first 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
after descending Chapada on road to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cuiabá">Cuiaba</normalizedToken>
, 600 m, 23 Oct 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Prance et al. 19336</emphasis>
(INPA, NY), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">19337</emphasis>
(INPA, K, NY); Chapada dos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
, Gorge of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Véu">Veu</normalizedToken>
de Noiva, 17 Oct 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Prance et al. 19123</emphasis>
(INPA, NY), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">19127</emphasis>
(NY), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">19128</emphasis>
(INPA, NY), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">19136</emphasis>
(INPA, NY), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">19138</emphasis>
(NY).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to subg. 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="(Stachygynandrum)" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stachygynandrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Stachygynandrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella prasina" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cuba, 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella salazariae" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="salazariae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella salazariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino from Panama, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shelton &amp; Caluff" authorityYear="2003" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella undata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="undata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella undata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Shelton &amp; Caluff, from Cuba, because they share similar habit and overall vegetative leaf morphology, stomata throughout upper surfaces of median leaves, and midribs of lateral leaves restricted to ca. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
below apices. However, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shelton &amp; Caluff" authorityYear="2003" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella undata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="undata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella undata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(isotype: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Shelton &amp; Caluff 4514</emphasis>
, B!) falls within the morphological range of 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella prasina" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and may be best considered conspecific with the latter. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella prasina" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the characters of median leaf shape, apex type, inner margin color and projections, leaf base shape, strobilus morphology, and megaspore color, as discussed in the diagnosis, as well as by having ovate, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-oblong (vs. obovate) axillary leaves and many cells on the upper surfaces of median leaves covered by 2-4 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem B Upper surface of median leaf C Section of lower surface of stem D Lower surface of lateral leaf. A-D taken from paratype, Prance et al. 19337 (NY). Selaginella prasina Baker E Upper surface of median leaf F Lower surface of lateral leaf E, F taken from Smith et al. 115583 (GH)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45224" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">12B</figureCitation>
) [vs. without (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem B Upper surface of median leaf C Section of lower surface of stem D Lower surface of lateral leaf. A-D taken from paratype, Prance et al. 19337 (NY). Selaginella prasina Baker E Upper surface of median leaf F Lower surface of lateral leaf E, F taken from Smith et al. 115583 (GH)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45224" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">12E</figureCitation>
)] papillae. It differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella salazariae" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="salazariae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella salazariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its median leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic (vs. obovate, obovate-elliptic, or broadly elliptic) with acute (vs. abruptly cuspidate to short-aristate) apices.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
We note that Neotropical 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species studied (i.e., 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella prasina" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella salazariae" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="salazariae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella salazariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) that grow either partially underwater or constantly wetted by waterfalls, rivers, or creeks have numerous stomata distributed over the upper surfaces of median leaves (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem B Upper surface of median leaf C Section of lower surface of stem D Lower surface of lateral leaf. A-D taken from paratype, Prance et al. 19337 (NY). Selaginella prasina Baker E Upper surface of median leaf F Lower surface of lateral leaf E, F taken from Smith et al. 115583 (GH)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45224" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">12A, B, E</figureCitation>
) and broadly acute to obtuse, rounded (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem B Upper surface of median leaf C Section of lower surface of stem D Lower surface of lateral leaf. A-D taken from paratype, Prance et al. 19337 (NY). Selaginella prasina Baker E Upper surface of median leaf F Lower surface of lateral leaf E, F taken from Smith et al. 115583 (GH)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45224" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">12A, C, D</figureCitation>
) or truncate lateral leaves (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Selaginella saltuicola Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem B Upper surface of median leaf C Section of lower surface of stem D Lower surface of lateral leaf. A-D taken from paratype, Prance et al. 19337 (NY). Selaginella prasina Baker E Upper surface of median leaf F Lower surface of lateral leaf E, F taken from Smith et al. 115583 (GH)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45224" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">12F</figureCitation>
). At present, it is not clear if the shared characters among those species might be the result of adaptation to a similar habitat (i.e., wet rocks or logs on waterfalls or stream banks) by convergent evolution or synapomorphies that may phylogenetically relate them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
In some plants of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="77" start="start">Selaginella</pageBreakToken>
saltuicola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as in some of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Heringer, Salino &amp; Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella alstonii" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="alstonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella alstonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we found strobili with continuous, vegetative growth from their apices. This condition was reported to occur in the genus by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hieronymus, G" journalOrPublisher="Die Natuerlichen Pflanzenfamilien" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" pagination="621 - 715" refId="B8" refString="Hieronymus, G, 1901. Selaginellaceae. Die Natuerlichen Pflanzenfamilien 1 (4): 621 - 715" title="Selaginellaceae." volume="1" year="1901">Hieronymus (1901)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 24" publicationUrl="10.1017/S0080456800016616" refId="B34" refString="Williams, S, 1931. An analysis of the vegetative organs of Selaginella grandis Moore, together with some observations on abnormalities and experimental results. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 57 (1): 1 - 24, DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800016616" title="An analysis of the vegetative organs of Selaginella grandis Moore, together with some observations on abnormalities and experimental results." url="10.1017/S0080456800016616" volume="57" year="1931">Williams (1931)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Jermy, AC" journalOrPublisher="Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" pagination="39 - 45" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-662-02604-5_11" refId="B12" refString="Jermy, AC, 1990. Selaginellaceae. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Vol. I: 39 - 45, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-02604-5_11" title="Selaginellaceae." url="10.1007/978-3-662-02604-5_11" volume="Vol. I" year="1990">Jermy (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation author="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="38 - 63" refId="B29" refString="Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 1993a. Selaginellaceae. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York: 38 - 63" title="Selaginellaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms." year="1993 a">Valdespino (1993a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="315 - 327" publicationUrl="10.2307/2807605" refId="B30" refString="Valdespino, IA, 1993b. Notes on neotropical Selaginella (Selaginellaceae), including new species from Panama. Brittonia 45 (4): 315 - 327, DOI: 10.2307/2807605" title="Notes on neotropical Selaginella (Selaginellaceae), including new species from Panama." url="10.2307/2807605" volume="45" year="1993 b">1993b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="The City University of New York, New York" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 405" refId="B31" refString="Valdespino, IA, 1995. A monographic revision of Selaginella P. Beauv. subgenus Heterostachys Baker in Central and South America. The City University of New York, New York: 1 - 405" title="A monographic revision of Selaginella P. Beauv. subgenus Heterostachys Baker in Central and South America" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, normally, fertile shoots (strobili) originate from the tips of vegetative shoots (i.e., stems and branches) in a &quot;vegetative (V)/determinate fertile (F) growth pattern&quot; or &quot;V/F pattern,&quot; although in plants of some species, e.g., 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella decomposita" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="decomposita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella decomposita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, microsporangial development was observed in axils of median leaves, similarly to what is seen in 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella denticulata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella denticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Spring where mega- and microsporangia are found in axils of lateral leaves below the weekly differentiated strobilus (see images in 
<bibRefCitation author="Quiles, J" editor="Quiles, J" journalOrPublisher="Valencia, Espana" pageId="24" pageNumber="85" publicationUrl="http://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/index.htm" refId="B19" refString="Quiles, J, 2015. Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring (images). In: Quiles, J, Ed., Flora Silvestre del Mediterraneo: Fotografias de flora silvestre del mediterraneo occidental. Valencia, Espana, http://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/index.htm [accessed 03.04.2015]" title="Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring (images)." url="http://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/index.htm" volumeTitle="Flora Silvestre del Mediterraneo: Fotografias de flora silvestre del mediterraneo occidental." year="2015">Quiles 2015</bibRefCitation>
). In the phenomenon described for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Heringer, Salino &amp; Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella alstonii" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="alstonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella alstonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the fertile growth becomes indeterminate and the apices of strobili revert to a vegetative condition in what could be termed a &quot;V/indeterminate F/V growth pattern&quot; or &quot;V/F/V pattern&quot; that is also found in other species such as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mickel &amp; Beitel" authorityYear="1988" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella finitima" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="finitima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella finitima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mickel &amp; Beitel, 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella porphyrospora" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="porphyrospora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella porphyrospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. Braun, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spring" authorityYear="1843" baseAuthorityName="Beauv." class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella tenella" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P. Beauv.) Spring in mainland in the Neotropics (
<bibRefCitation author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="96 - 105" refId="B32" refString="Valdespino, IA, 2015. Two new species and a new record of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Bolivia. Novon 24: 96 - 105" title="Two new species and a new record of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Bolivia." volume="24" year="2015">Valdespino 1995</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shelton &amp; Caluff" authorityYear="2003" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella orbiculifolia" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="orbiculifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella orbiculifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Shelton &amp; Caluff from Cuba (
<bibRefCitation author="Caluff, MG" journalOrPublisher="Willdenowia" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" pagination="425 - 437" publicationUrl="10.3372/wi.33.33217" refId="B3" refString="Caluff, MG, Shelton, G, 2003. The musciform Selaginella species (Selaginellaceae) with broad lateral leaves in the West Indies. Willdenowia 33: 425 - 437, DOI: 10.3372/wi.33.33217" title="The musciform Selaginella species (Selaginellaceae) with broad lateral leaves in the West Indies." url="10.3372/wi.33.33217" volume="33" year="2003">Caluff and Shelton 2003</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Li Bing Zhang, H. He &amp; Q. W. Sun" authorityYear="2014" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella wangpeishanii" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="wangpeishanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella wangpeishanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Li Bing Zhang, H. He &amp; Q. W. Sun from China, which 
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, LB" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="195 - 199" publicationUrl="10.11646/phytotaxa.164.3.5" refId="B35" refString="Zhang, LB, Sun, QW, He, H, 2014. Selaginella wangpeishanii (Selaginellaceae), a new lycophyte from a limestone cave in Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 164: 195 - 199, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.164.3.5" title="Selaginella wangpeishanii (Selaginellaceae), a new lycophyte from a limestone cave in Guizhou, China." url="10.11646/phytotaxa.164.3.5" volume="164" year="2014">Zhang et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
termed TST (where T is for trophophyll = vegetative leaf, and S is for sporophyll) arrangement of microphylls. In a third condition, the second vegetative growth of the V/F/V pattern of the shoot becomes fertile and indeterminate in a &quot;V/F/ V/indeterminate F growth pattern&quot; or 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“V/F/V/F”">&quot;V/F/V/F&quot;</normalizedToken>
pattern, found for example in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="1993" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella correae" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="correae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella correae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino from Panama (
<bibRefCitation author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="315 - 327" publicationUrl="10.2307/2807605" refId="B30" refString="Valdespino, IA, 1993b. Notes on neotropical Selaginella (Selaginellaceae), including new species from Panama. Brittonia 45 (4): 315 - 327, DOI: 10.2307/2807605" title="Notes on neotropical Selaginella (Selaginellaceae), including new species from Panama." url="10.2307/2807605" volume="45" year="1993 b">Valdespino 1993b</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella oregana" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="oregana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella oregana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D.C. Eaton from temperate zones in western North America (
<bibRefCitation author="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="38 - 63" refId="B29" refString="Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 1993a. Selaginellaceae. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York: 38 - 63" title="Selaginellaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms." year="1993 a">Valdespino 1993a</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spruce ex Bak" authorityYear="1883" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella tuberculata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Spruce ex Baker (e.g., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Steyermark 75483</emphasis>
, NY!) from South America. This V/F/V/F pattern consists of a shoot with alternating vegetative leaves, sporophylls, and vegetative leaves along the stems and is reminiscent of the pattern found in some species of 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Huperzia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Huperzia" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Huperzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="family">Lycopodiaceae</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="The City University of New York, New York" pageId="25" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 405" refId="B31" refString="Valdespino, IA, 1995. A monographic revision of Selaginella P. Beauv. subgenus Heterostachys Baker in Central and South America. The City University of New York, New York: 1 - 405" title="A monographic revision of Selaginella P. Beauv. subgenus Heterostachys Baker in Central and South America" year="1995">Valdespino (1995)</bibRefCitation>
suggested these alternating patterns of vegetative stems and fertile shoot formation could be an adaptive strategy of 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or it could be a response to damage to the growing apices. In any case, hormones may probably mediate this phenomenon, which seems to be more common and found across geographically and phylogenetically different 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa than previously acknowledged. The ecological advantages of such variation, phylogenetic significance, and possible genetic and/or hormonal origin remain to be determined.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="963557" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45224" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
Section of upper surface of stem 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
Upper surface of median leaf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
Section of lower surface of stem 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">D</emphasis>
Lower surface of lateral leaf. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">A-D</emphasis>
taken from paratype, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Prance et al. 19337</emphasis>
(NY). 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella prasina" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baker 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">E</emphasis>
Upper surface of median leaf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">F</emphasis>
Lower surface of lateral leaf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">E</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">F</emphasis>
taken from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Smith et al. 115583</emphasis>
(GH).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="963559" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45225" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2015" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella saltuicola" order="Selaginellales" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Lycopodiophyta" rank="species" species="saltuicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Selaginella saltuicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
Microspore proximal face 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
Microspore distal face 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">A, B</emphasis>
taken from holotype, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Prance et al. 19126</emphasis>
(NY).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>